CN113203957A - Lithium ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement - Google Patents
Lithium ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及锂离子电池状态监测技术领域，公开了基于动态阻抗测量的锂离子内部温度预测方法，所述方法包括：在目标状态下使用目标方法得到目标电池的目标动态阻抗，所述目标状态包括充电、放电和静置状态，所述目标方法是一种非侵入式的、在线的、电流激励型的动态阻抗测量方法，所述目标电池指锂离子电池，所述目标动态阻抗是目标电池在一定频率的电流激励下的整体阻抗；基于目标状态下的动态阻抗，计算电池内部的温度，本公开能够通过动态阻抗的测量，计算锂离子电池的内部温度，通过内部温度指导运维操作，保证电池性能、延长电池寿命，并避免电池热失控、爆炸等事故。
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery state monitoring, and discloses a lithium-ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement. Charge, discharge and rest states, the target method is a non-invasive, online, current excitation type dynamic impedance measurement method, the target battery refers to a lithium-ion battery, and the target dynamic impedance is the target battery in the The overall impedance under the current excitation of a certain frequency; based on the dynamic impedance in the target state, the temperature inside the battery is calculated. The present disclosure can calculate the internal temperature of the lithium-ion battery through the measurement of the dynamic impedance, and guide the operation and maintenance operation through the internal temperature to ensure Battery performance, extend battery life, and avoid battery thermal runaway, explosion and other accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery state monitoring, in particular to a lithium ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement.
Background Art family
With the rapid development of renewable resources such as wind energy and solar energy, the demand for the energy storage scale of the power grid continues to increase around the world. The grid-scale energy storage helps to promote the development of renewable energy and provide auxiliary services for the grid. At present, lithium ion batteries are widely used due to their high energy density, continuously reduced price, and good performance. However, the operation of lithium ion batteries needs to be maintained in a suitable temperature range. Too high a temperature may disrupt the chemical equilibrium within the cell, leading to side reactions that affect cell performance. The performance of the battery material is degraded at high temperature, and the cycle life of the battery is greatly shortened. In addition, once the lithium ion battery is overheated, overcharged, or punctured or extruded, thermal runaway is easily developed, and further, ignition or explosion is caused.
However, the current equipment cannot achieve real-time monitoring, so that the internal temperature of the battery cannot be obtained in real time in the operation process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable method for predicting the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery, and the method is used as a basis for operation and maintenance, so as to ensure the performance of the battery, prolong the service life of the battery, avoid accidents such as thermal runaway and explosion, and ensure the safety of the battery and the energy storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems that the internal temperature of a lithium ion battery can be predicted and used as the basis for operation and maintenance, the performance of the battery can be ensured, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged, the invention provides a lithium ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
obtaining a target dynamic impedance of a target battery by using a target method in a target state, wherein the target state comprises a charging state, a discharging state and a static state, the target method is a current excitation type dynamic impedance measuring method, the target battery refers to a lithium ion battery, and the target dynamic impedance is the overall impedance of the target battery under the frequency that the target battery is greatly influenced by the internal temperature within 0.1 Hz-5 kHz; based on the dynamic impedance in the target state, the temperature inside the battery is calculated.
And determining the frequency of the dynamic impedance which is greatly influenced by the internal temperature by experiments aiming at the specific battery, taking the dynamic impedance at the frequency as a basis for calculating the internal temperature, and obtaining a dynamic impedance-internal temperature mapping curve by experiments. The dynamic impedance of the target at the most suitable frequency is obtained by a dynamic impedance measuring device. And obtaining the real-time internal temperature of the battery according to the dynamic impedance and the calibration curve of the internal temperature-dynamic impedance.
Based on the internal temperature obtained by the calculation, the operation and maintenance operation is guided, the performance of the battery is ensured, the service life of the battery is prolonged, accidents such as thermal runaway and explosion of the battery are avoided, and the specific operation mode comprises the following steps:
and when the internal temperature is too high, the output power of the battery is properly reduced to ensure the performance of the battery.
The internal temperature of the battery is kept below a limit value in long-term operation so as to prolong the service life of the battery;
when the temperature in the battery changes suddenly, the connection between the battery and the charging and discharging equipment is cut off in time.
Furthermore, the equipment required by the dynamic impedance testing method comprises the following equipment which are connected in sequence;
the multi-channel signal selector is used for switching the tested battery;
the excitation current source is used for outputting sinusoidal excitation current to the whole battery series unit;
the instrument amplifier is used for removing direct current and filtering the voltage at two ends of the battery to be detected;
and the programming gain amplifier is used for amplifying the filtered alternating-current component of the voltage.
The analog-to-digital converter is used for acquiring the voltage value output by the filtering amplification circuit;
and the digital signal processor calculates the voltage component of each battery under the specific frequency through Fourier transform, and further calculates to obtain a dynamic impedance value.
The working principle is as follows: according to the dynamic impedance testing equipment designed by the application at the earlier stage, the dynamic impedance of the target battery which is fully kept still at the target temperature until the internal temperature is the same as the target temperature is measured, and then the target temperature is changed for multiple times, and the above tests are repeated to obtain a dynamic impedance-internal temperature mapping curve; the real-time temperature inside the target battery can be obtained by monitoring the dynamic impedance in real time in the later stage, the regulation and control monitoring of the battery can be effectively carried out according to the real-time temperature, and the risk is avoided.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the dynamic impedance test equipment designed by the application can be used for calculating the corresponding internal temperature of the target battery according to the dynamic impedance tested by the target battery in the target state, and then the calculated internal temperature is used as the basis for operation and maintenance, so that the performance of the battery can be ensured, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, accidents such as thermal runaway and explosion can be avoided, and the safety of the battery and an energy storage system can be ensured.
2. The monitoring equipment designed by the application is simple to prepare and accurate in monitoring, and can perform real-time online monitoring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting internal temperature of lithium ions based on dynamic impedance measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a map of the target battery dynamic impedance as a function of internal temperature, as shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing changes in predicted internal temperature, measured internal temperature, and surface temperature when the target battery is normally charged according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating a change in internal temperature when a battery is overcharged according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the change in internal temperature and surface temperature of a battery having a probe implanted therein according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a dynamic impedance device shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples.
Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. They are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with certain aspects detailed in the claims below.
For ease of understanding, before explaining the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, an application scenario of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.
Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
For ease of understanding, before explaining the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, an application scenario of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.
It is very important to know the internal temperature of the battery in time during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable method for predicting the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery, and the method is used as a basis for operation and maintenance, so as to ensure the performance of the battery, prolong the service life of the battery, avoid accidents such as thermal runaway and explosion, and ensure the safety of the battery and the energy storage system.
Of course, the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to other application scenarios, not only in the above scenarios, but also in practical applications.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an early safety warning method for a lithium ion battery based on dynamic impedance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the dynamic impedance is a sum of four impedances including ohmic impedance, solid electrolyte impedance, electrode polarization impedance, and concentration polarization impedance of the lithium ion battery.
The dynamic impedance measuring method is a lithium ion internal temperature prediction method based on dynamic impedance measurement, and the dynamic impedance measuring equipment comprises:
the multi-channel signal selector is used for switching the tested battery;
the excitation current source is used for outputting sinusoidal excitation current to the whole battery series unit;
the instrument amplifier is used for removing direct current and filtering the voltage at two ends of the battery to be detected;
and the programming gain amplifier is used for amplifying the filtered alternating-current component of the voltage.
The analog-to-digital converter is used for acquiring the voltage value output by the filtering amplification circuit;
and the digital signal processor calculates the voltage component of each battery under the specific frequency through Fourier transform, and further calculates to obtain a dynamic impedance value.
The method for judging the safety state of the battery through the dynamic impedance measuring equipment comprises the following steps:
in step 101, the role of the patent is explained, namely: obtaining a target dynamic impedance of a target battery by using a target method in a target state, wherein the target state comprises a charging state, a discharging state and a static state, the target method is a current excitation type dynamic impedance measuring method, the target battery refers to a lithium ion battery, and the target dynamic impedance is the overall impedance of the target battery under the frequency that the target battery is greatly influenced by the internal temperature within 0.1 Hz-5 kHz; based on the dynamic impedance in the target state, the temperature inside the battery is calculated.
In step 102, the prediction basis upon which this patent is based is illustrated, namely: aiming at a specific battery, determining the frequency of dynamic impedance greatly influenced by internal temperature through experiments, taking the dynamic impedance under the frequency as a basis for calculating the internal temperature, obtaining a dynamic impedance-internal temperature mapping curve through the experiments, obtaining the dynamic impedance of a target on the most suitable frequency through dynamic impedance measuring equipment, and obtaining the real-time internal temperature of the battery according to the dynamic impedance and a calibration curve of the internal temperature-dynamic impedance.
In step 103, a practical implementation method of the present patent is illustrated, that is: through the target dynamic impedance of target battery under obtaining target state, predict the internal temperature, can judge the running state of target battery, whether have the risk of thermal runaway, carry out the operation and maintenance operation, include: when the internal temperature is too high, the output power of the battery is properly reduced so as to ensure the performance of the battery; the internal temperature of the battery is kept below a limit value in long-term operation so as to prolong the service life of the battery; when the temperature in the battery changes suddenly, the connection between the battery and the charging and discharging equipment is cut off in time, and the safety of the battery, the energy storage system and personnel is protected.
In step 104, how the patent guides the operation and maintenance operation in actual operation is explained. The method specifically comprises the following steps: when the internal temperature is too high, the output power of the battery is properly reduced so as to ensure the performance of the battery; the internal temperature of the battery is kept below a limit value in long-term operation so as to prolong the service life of the battery; when the temperature in the battery changes suddenly, the connection between the battery and the charging and discharging equipment is cut off in time, and the safety of the battery, the energy storage system and personnel is protected.
Based on the target dynamic impedance in the target state, a plurality of sets of internal temperature prediction experiments are performed. The results show that when the internal temperature of the battery increases due to charge and discharge or decreases due to standing, the impedance also changes accordingly.
For example, taking a 24Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the relationship between the internal temperature and the dynamic impedance of each frequency is as shown in fig. 2. It can be seen that the dynamic impedance of each frequency has a very obvious downward trend with the increase of temperature. Wherein the range of variation of the low frequency band is larger. This curve is the dynamic impedance-internal temperature mapping curve for the particular cell described in this patent.
The calculated internal temperature from the impedance has a high coincidence with the actual internal temperature.
For example, taking a 24Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the predicted internal temperature, measured internal temperature and surface temperature at 1C charging after implanting the temperature probe are as described in fig. 3. It can be seen that the internal temperature increases more than the surface temperature during charging, which is in line with the objective fact. In addition, the predicted internal temperature is close to the actually measured internal temperature, and the change trend is the same, so that the effectiveness of the patent is reflected. The method for predicting the internal temperature has high practical value because a battery implanted with the temperature probe cannot be used in actual operation.
For example, fig. 4 shows an overcharge test using a 13Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as an example. Overcharge was initiated from 3262 seconds as indicated by the arrow in the figure. The early warning time based on the internal temperature out-of-limit is 591 seconds ahead of the surface temperature out-of-limit in the over-charging stage by taking 50 ℃ as the early warning temperature. The battery at the moment when the internal and external temperatures exceed the limit is shown in the picture, so that the early warning according to the internal temperature is earlier than the time when the bulge occurs on the surface of the battery, and the thermal runaway, explosion and the like of the battery can be effectively prevented. In addition, unlike fig. 1 and 2, the subject of the experiment was a 13Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, which demonstrated the applicability of the present patent to a variety of batteries.
For example, a 13Ah lithium iron phosphate battery (thickness 21mm) is used as an example, and the needle punching test is shown in FIG. 5. The steel needle was inserted at 877 seconds, 1048 seconds, 1413 seconds, respectively, with probe depths of 5mm, 10mm and 18 mm. It can be seen that the predicted internal temperature starts to increase after insertion of the steel needle and continues to rise above the surface temperature. After the steel needle is withdrawn, the internal temperature is greatly reduced.
All the above optional technical solutions can be combined arbitrarily to form optional embodiments of the present disclosure, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not described in detail again.
In conclusion, the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery can be calculated through the measurement of the dynamic impedance, the operation and maintenance operation is guided through the internal temperature, the battery performance is guaranteed, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and accidents such as thermal runaway and explosion of the battery are avoided.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all equivalent structural changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art using the description of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for predicting the internal temperature of the lithium ion based on dynamic impedance measurement is characterized in that a target dynamic impedance of a target battery is obtained by using a target method in a target state, the target state comprises a charging state, a discharging state and a standing state, the target battery refers to the lithium ion battery, the target dynamic impedance is the overall impedance of the target battery under the frequency with large influence of the internal temperature within 0.1 Hz-5 kHz, then the internal temperature of the battery is obtained through the dynamic impedance based on the target state, and the target method is a current excitation type dynamic impedance measurement method.
2. The method for predicting the internal temperature of the lithium ion based on the dynamic impedance measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dynamic impedance characteristics specifically include: when the temperature inside the lithium ion battery is increased during charging, discharging or standing, the activity of chemical components inside the battery is increased, and the impedance of a specific frequency range is reduced; when the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is decreased during charging, discharging, or standing, the activity of chemical components inside the battery is decreased, and the impedance in a specific frequency range is increased.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the internal temperature of the battery is determined by experiment according to a specific battery, the frequency of the dynamic impedance greatly affected by the internal temperature is determined by experiment, the dynamic impedance at the frequency is used as a basis for obtaining the internal temperature, a dynamic impedance-internal temperature mapping curve is obtained by experiment, the dynamic impedance of the target at the most suitable frequency is obtained by a dynamic impedance measuring device, and then the real-time internal temperature of the battery is obtained according to the dynamic impedance and the calibration curve of the internal temperature-dynamic impedance.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the target battery keeps the internal temperature of the battery below a limit value during long-term operation, the output power of the battery is appropriately reduced when the internal temperature is too high, and the connection between the battery and the charging and discharging device is timely cut off when the internal temperature of the battery suddenly changes.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the current-pumped dynamic impedance measurement method is a method of measuring the dynamic impedance of the target battery in a state in which a 0.1Hz to 5kHz excitation current is injected into the battery and the response voltage is measured, and the dynamic impedance of the frequency is the phasor of the response voltage and the excitation current divided by the response voltage of the frequency.
6. The method for predicting the internal temperature of the lithium ion based on the dynamic impedance measurement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the equipment required by the dynamic impedance testing method comprises the following devices connected in sequence:
the multi-channel signal selector is used for switching the tested battery;
the excitation current source is used for outputting sinusoidal excitation current to the whole battery series unit;
the instrument amplifier is used for removing direct current and filtering the voltage at two ends of the battery to be detected;
and the programming gain amplifier is used for amplifying the filtered alternating-current component of the voltage.
The analog-to-digital converter is used for acquiring the voltage value output by the filtering amplification circuit;
and the digital signal processor calculates the voltage component of each battery under the specific frequency through Fourier transform, and further calculates to obtain a dynamic impedance value.
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Application publication date: 20210803 |