CN113200727B - A method for improving the rheological properties of PVA fiber and nano-silicon dioxide cement-based composite materials - Google Patents
A method for improving the rheological properties of PVA fiber and nano-silicon dioxide cement-based composite materialsInfo
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- CN113200727B CN113200727B CN202110701791.0A CN202110701791A CN113200727B CN 113200727 B CN113200727 B CN 113200727B CN 202110701791 A CN202110701791 A CN 202110701791A CN 113200727 B CN113200727 B CN 113200727B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善PVA纤维和纳米二氧化硅水泥基复合材料流变性能的方法，属于水泥制备技术领域，所述改善方法为加入长径比为100～300的PVA纤维，通过调整PVA纤维的长径比改善PVA纤维和纳米SiO2水泥基复合材料流变性能，可有效的提高水泥强度，具有吸附、引气、分散、润湿、增溶的功能，可以最大化地提高水泥的使用效率，保证了良好的水泥流动性。The invention discloses a method for improving the rheological properties of a PVA fiber and nano-SiO2 cement-based composite material, belonging to the technical field of cement preparation. The improvement method comprises adding PVA fibers with an aspect ratio of 100 to 300, and adjusting the aspect ratio of the PVA fibers to improve the rheological properties of the PVA fiber and nano- SiO2 cement-based composite material, thereby effectively improving the strength of the cement. The method has the functions of adsorption, air entrainment, dispersion, wetting, and solubilization, thereby maximizing the use efficiency of the cement and ensuring good cement fluidity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cement preparation, in particular to a method for improving rheological property of a PVA fiber and nano silica cement-based composite material.
Background
In order to improve the ductility and toughness of the traditional cement-based materials and to improve the mechanical properties and durability thereof, the addition of fibers is one of the most effective methods. A novel building material is formed by taking a cement-based material as a matrix and uniformly dispersing discontinuous fibers in the matrix, and is called a fiber-reinforced cement-based composite material (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites, FRCC). Currently, the most commonly used fibers in engineering mainly include steel fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers (Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber, PVA), basalt fibers, carbon fibers, polypropylene fibers, glass fibers, and the like. Among them, PVA fiber has good dispersibility, can be uniformly distributed in cement-based materials, and has excellent characteristics of high strength, high elastic modulus, no toxicity, good hydrophilicity, excellent acid and alkali resistance, etc., so that it is often used as a reinforcing material for preparing fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials (PVA fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials, abbreviated as PVA-FRCC). Previous researches show that PVA-FRCC not only has higher compressive strength, ductility and toughness, but also has excellent durability. Meanwhile, the PVA-FRCC not only can meet the requirements of large span, light weight and long service life of a building structure, but also can greatly improve the service life of the structure and reduce the maintenance cost of the structure in the service period when being used as a structural material of a hydraulic building, and can realize reasonable utilization of resources and protect ecological environment.
Due to the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area and the like, the nano material has the special effects of macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, surface effect, small-size effect and the like, and the excellent characteristics of the nano material lead the nano material to be favored by a plurality of students and engineers in the aspect of building engineering materials, and show bright development prospect. Nanoparticles commonly used today to improve the performance of cement-based composites mainly include nano SiO 2, nano TiO 2, nano Fe 2O3, nano CaCO 3, and the like. Compared with other particles, the nano SiO 2 not only can play a filling role, but also can react with Ca (OH) 2 in cement to generate hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H) after being doped into the cement-based composite material, and the two reactions are exothermic reactions, so that the hydration reaction is further accelerated. In addition, nano SiO 2 can play a role of crystal nucleus in the matrix, so that the C-S-H gel is bonded on the surface of the matrix to form a three-dimensional network structure, the microstructure of the cement-based material is obviously improved, and the mechanical strength and durability of the cement-based material are improved. The addition of nano SiO 2 to cement-based composite materials has therefore become one of the important means of improving the properties of building materials.
Although, the added PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 can play roles in bridging cracks and transferring load in the cement-based material, so that the cement-based material added with the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 has higher ductility, toughness and bending strength compared with the traditional cement-based material. However, in order to pursue ultra-high mechanical properties of fiber cement-based materials, the amount of fibers used has been gradually increased in recent years, and the manner in which fibers are mixed has been different, and these behaviors make the fibers not uniformly dispersed in the matrix, the rheological properties are poor, and the mixture is difficult to shape, so that the application of the fiber cement-based composite material is limited, and therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving the rheological properties of PVA fibers and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving rheological property of PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
The invention provides a method for improving rheological property of PVA fiber and nano silica cement-based composite material, which comprises the step of adding PVA fiber with length-diameter ratio of 100-300.
Preferably, PVA fibers with an aspect ratio of 200-300 are added.
Preferably, the volume doping amount of the PVA fiber is 0.3% -1%.
Preferably, the volume doping amount of the PVA fiber is 0.3% -0.8%.
Preferably, the volume doping amount of the PVA fiber is 0.3% -0.5%.
The yield stress and the plastic viscosity of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material are increased along with the increase of the length and the length-diameter ratio of the fiber, and the flow expansion degree and the flow rate are opposite. The effect of particles of different shapes on the plastic viscosity of the slurry is that the needle shape is in a shape of a needle-like sheet, a cube, a grain-like shape and a sphere. PVA fibers, as typical needle-like particles, tend to overlap each other in a suspension comprising uniform spherical particles, with a greater length and aspect ratio, and a greater probability and number of entanglement into a network that provides a barrier force against the flow direction of the slurry during the slurry flow, thus macroscopically exhibiting an increase in the plastic viscosity and a decrease in the flow rate of the slurry. In addition, according to the research of a particle surface water layer thickness (WFT) model, the yield stress and the plastic viscosity of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material are in an exponential function relation with the WFT, the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material are obviously reduced along with the gradual increase of the inter-particle water layer thickness, the flow rate and the flow expansion degree are in linear relation with the WFT, the flow rate and the flow expansion degree of slurry are increased along with the increase of the inter-particle water layer thickness, the fiber specific surface area with larger fiber length-diameter ratio and length is larger in the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material, free water is easy to absorb in the fiber, the moisture of wrapping particles is reduced, the inter-particle water film thickness is reduced, the inter-particle friction lack of free water lubrication is increased, the main force required to be overcome for the slurry to flow is increased, and therefore the yield stress is increased, and the flow expansion degree is reduced. Therefore, the length-diameter ratio of the PVA fiber is limited to 100-300.
When the PVA fiber blending amount is only increased, the flow expansion degree and the flow rate of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material are reduced, and the yield stress plastic viscosity is increased. This is because the free water content in the mixture is also constant on the premise of constant water-cement ratio, and increasing the fiber doping amount makes the free water insufficient to wet the surface of the solid particles, resulting in increased inter-particle friction. In addition, after the fiber mixing amount is increased, the concentration of solid particles in the suspension phase is increased, the particles are easy to collide with each other to generate additional energy loss, and under the combined action of the two, the fluidity of the PVA fiber and the nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material is poor, and the rheological parameter is increased. However, the rheological parameter is not infinitely increased, the fiber doping amount has a critical value, and the rheological parameter change of the mixture tends to be gentle until the mixture stops flowing after the critical value is exceeded. This may be due to the agglomeration or clumping of the fibers at the critical loading, which impedes the flow of the mix. In addition, the critical doping amount decreases with the increase of the aspect ratio. After PVA fiber is added, the flocculation structure inside the composite material is broken and recombined under the shearing action, so that the increment sharp reduction phenomenon of a certain rheological parameter can occur, and the strain hardening phenomenon can also occur under the conditions of a certain fiber doping amount and good fiber dispersion.
The introduction of fibers increases the number of interfacial defects, and since free water is concentrated therein, the cohesive force of the boundary becomes weak, and voids left after evaporation of water also weaken the strength of PVA fibers and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite materials, optimization of the interfacial region is very important. The mixed material with volcanic ash activity has the characteristic of small diameter (micro-scale and nano-scale), and besides filling the pores of the interface area, secondary hydration reaction can also occur to improve the interface cohesive force and strength of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material. The mixed material also has the particle characteristic of large specific surface area, the concentration of solid particles can be obviously increased after the mixed material is added into slurry, and free water released by filling pores is insufficient to wet the surfaces of the particles, so that the flow parameters of PVA fibers and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite materials are reduced, and the segregation resistance is improved. Therefore, the volume doping amount of the PVA fiber is limited to be 0.3-1%, and the addition amount of the nano SiO 2 is limited to be 3-5 parts.
Preferably, the method further comprises adding a mixed material, wherein the mixed material comprises copper slag, gypsum, volcanic ash, metakaolin and fly ash. Preferably, 200-300 parts of copper slag, 40-80 parts of gypsum, 30-60 parts of volcanic ash, 50-100 parts of metakaolin and 150-200 parts of fly ash are added.
The rheological property of the mixed materials is affected to a certain extent after the mixed materials are added, but the different mixed materials have different degrees of influence on the water demand of standard consistence and the setting time. The addition of copper slag results in slightly increased water requirement of standard consistency of cement, prolonged setting time and slightly reduced mobility of gum sand. The mixing amount of metakaolin and gypsum reduces the water demand of cement, prolongs the initial setting time and increases the mobility of the gel sand. This is because metakaolin has very low activity or substantially no activity, and after addition, the amount of cement clinker is relatively reduced, but hydration reaction can occur, but the amount of hydration product produced is reduced, whereas gypsum is a filler mixture, and is not substantially involved in hydration reaction, and its addition reduces the amount of clinker in cement, so that the amount of product produced by hydration of cement is reduced, thus causing an increase in setting time, while the surface of gypsum particles does not absorb water, and its addition fills the voids in the flocculation structure to release free water, so that its addition reduces the standard consistency water demand of cement. The pozzolan and the fly ash both increase the water demand of the standard consistency of the cement, shorten the initial final setting time and reduce the mobility of the gel sand after being added. The two mixed materials have certain pozzolanic activity, more importantly, the two mixed materials belong to porous substances with loose structures, have large specific surface area and are easy to absorb moisture, the moisture filled between cement particles is absorbed by the mixed materials to inevitably increase the water demand, and after the materials with large specific surface area are added, the hydration of cement is accelerated, the product quantity of cement hydration is increased, and the initial final setting time is shortened.
The addition of active substances such as copper slag, fly ash and the like improves the hydration rate of cement, and the amount of hydration products is increased, so that the penetration of the clean pulp is reduced at the same time, wherein the reduction of the penetration of the fly ash is the greatest, which also shows that the activity of the fly ash is obviously higher than that of other mixed materials. The addition of metakaolin and gypsum reduces the relative content of clinker in cement, greatly delays the hydration of cement paste, reduces the amount of hydrated calcium silicate and other products generated in early stage of cement hydration, and therefore, the reduction of the penetration of net paste is lower, which also shows that the metakaolin and the gypsum are basically inactive or have very low activity.
The kind and the mixing amount of the mixed materials have great influence on the rheological property of the cement paste. The addition of the mixed materials such as copper slag, fly ash and metakaolin can increase the standard consistency water demand of cement, shorten the setting time, reduce the mobility of gum sand, lead the yield value and plastic viscosity of cement paste to be increased to a certain extent, and the effect of the cement paste is enhanced along with the increase of the addition amount, the kiln ash activates the gangue to be more obvious, and the addition of gypsum and metakaolin can improve the fluidity of the cement, delay the setting and strengthen the delay effect as the addition amount is more.
Preferably, the method for improving the rheological property of the PVA fiber and nano silica cement-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, mixing cement and a mixed material, adding 1/2 water, and pre-stirring for 20-30 s to obtain mortar;
S2, mixing nano SiO 2 particles with a water reducer, adding the mixture into the residual water, stirring and dispersing, adding the mixture into the mortar after the mixture is uniformly dispersed, and stirring for 1-2 min to obtain a mixed material;
S3, adding PVA fibers into the mixed material obtained in the step S2, and uniformly stirring.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
3D printing requires that the material has rapid formability, immediately after exiting the printer, can "stand" and no longer flow, i.e. has good thixotropic properties (higher plastic viscosity, lower ultimate shear stress, rapid rheology upon agitation, and rapid standing upon exiting), while having a faster set time and higher early strength. Otherwise the printed structure size deviates greatly from the original design and the lower part cannot be deformed during the non-lamination process. According to the invention, the rheological property of the PVA fiber and nano SiO 2 cement-based composite material is improved by adjusting the length-diameter ratio of the PVA fiber, so that the cement strength can be effectively improved, the functions of adsorption, air entraining, dispersion, wetting and solubilization are realized, the service efficiency of cement can be maximally improved, good cement fluidity is ensured, and the method can be used for 3D printing.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The cement in the embodiment of the invention is P.O42.5 type ordinary Portland cement produced by Henan Xinxiang Monte electric group, the density is 3160kg/m 3, and the technical index of the cement is referred to national standard GB175-2007. The I-grade fly ash produced by the Luoyang power plant is selected, and water is tap water supplied by Zhengzhou city. A polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) of high strength and high modulus of elasticity, manufactured by colali japan, is selected. The nano SiO 2 produced by Hangzhou Wanzhen new material Co-Ltd is selected, the appearance is white powder, the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer, the water reducer is light yellow liquid, and the water reduction rate is 25%.
The method for improving the rheological property of the PVA fiber and nano silica cement-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, mixing cement and a mixed material, adding 1/2 mass of water, and pre-stirring for 25s to obtain mortar;
S2, mixing nano SiO 2 particles with a water reducer, adding the mixture into the residual water, stirring and dispersing, adding the mixture into the mortar after the mixture is uniformly dispersed, and stirring for 2min to obtain a mixed material;
S3, adding PVA fibers into the mixed material obtained in the step S2, and uniformly stirring.
Examples 1 to 9 all adopted the above steps to prepare PVA fibers and nano silica cement based composites, differing in the ratio of the added raw materials, in which the aspect ratio of the PVA fibers of examples 1 to 2 was 100, the aspect ratio of the PVA fibers of examples 3 to 4 was 200, the aspect ratio of the PVA fibers of examples 5 to 6 was 300, and the aspect ratio of the PVA fibers of examples 7 to 9 was 230, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 7 is only that the aspect ratio of the PVA fiber is 400.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 7 is only that the aspect ratio of the PVA fiber is 75.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 7 is only that the volume doping amount of the PVA fiber is 3%.
Comparative example 4
The process differs from example 1 only in that:
S1, mixing cement and a mixed material, adding 1/2 water, and pre-stirring for 25s to obtain mortar;
S2, mixing nano SiO 2 particles, PVA fibers and a water reducer, adding the mixture into the residual water, stirring and dispersing, adding the mixture into the mortar after the mixture is uniformly dispersed, and stirring for 2min.
The cement-based composite materials prepared in the examples and the comparative examples were subjected to a micro slump test, a fluidity test and a 1-day compression and flexural strength test respectively according to the national standard "Standard for Performance test method of common concrete mixtures" (GB/T50080-2016), the method for testing the fluidity of Cement mortar (GB/T2419-2005) and the standard for testing the performance of common concrete mixtures "(GB/T50080-2002). The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the composite material of the present invention has good fluidity and meets the requirement of 3D printing.
The rheological property is tested by adopting a TR-CRI full-automatic concrete rheometer produced by Shanghai concrete Rui instruments and equipments, and the specific test method is as follows:
(1) And loading a testing barrel with the inner diameter of 300mm and the height of 310mm into a fresh cement-based composite material with the volume of 2/3, installing a cross rotor, controlling the test to rise until the test is immersed to the position of 150mm of the rotor, testing the torque at the rotating speed of 0.1 (rps), and calculating to obtain the static yield stress.
(2) After the static test is completed, the immersion depth of the cross rotor is kept unchanged, and the dynamic yield stress and the plastic viscosity of the freshly mixed cement-based composite material are calculated by sequentially testing the torque generated at the rotating speeds of 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2 and 0.15 (rps). Due to the complexity of impeller rotation, the shear stress and shear rate are calculated using the measured torque and impeller speed as follows:
T=G+H×N
Wherein, T-torque is expressed as Newton-meters (N.m);
G-intercept of linear segment extension line of curve with y-axis;
h-slope of linear segment of curve;
N-impeller speed in revolutions per second (rps).
(3) The cross rotor is replaced, a cylindrical rotor (phi 200x200 mm) is installed, the test barrel is controlled to ascend until the test barrel is immersed in the cylindrical rotor for 150mm, and the torques generated at the rotating speeds of 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2 and 0.15 (rps) are tested in sequence, so that the viscosity of the lubricating layer of the pumped cement-based composite material is calculated.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
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