CN113189515A - IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method - Google Patents
IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact type online detection method for turn-to-turn short circuit faults of a reactor based on IFRA magnetic coupling, which comprises the following steps: 1) determining parameters of a coupling injector and manufacturing the coupling injector; 2) building a high-voltage pulse device; 3) the high-voltage pulse device injects excitation pulse voltage to the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested through a coupling injector; 4) monitoring an input excitation voltage signal and an output response current signal; 5) drawing an actually measured frequency response curve; 6) and the data processing module compares the actually measured frequency response curve with the reference frequency response curve and judges the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the reactor to be detected according to the correlation coefficient of the actually measured frequency response curve and the reference frequency response curve. The invention provides an efficient, sensitive and non-contact on-line detection method for turn-to-turn short circuit faults of a reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment detection, in particular to a non-contact type on-line detection method for an inter-turn short circuit fault of a reactor based on IFRA magnetic coupling.
Background
The problem of turn-to-turn short circuit faults of reactors in power systems frequently occurs. The existing method for detecting the turn-to-turn short circuit of the reactor mainly comprises a magnetic field coil method, a temperature detection method, an electrical parameter detection method and a pulse oscillation method. However, these detection methods generally have problems of complicated operation, low sensitivity, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling, which comprises the following steps:
1) the coupling injector parameters are determined and a coupling injector is fabricated.
The coupling injector parameters include magnetic core material, magnetic core size, wire wound material, number of wire windings, insulating housing material, insulating housing size, shielding housing material, shielding housing size.
The magnetic core size and the number of winding turns satisfy the following formula:
Smin＝Uton/N1(BS-BR)α (1)
in the formula, SminThe smallest cross-sectional area of the core. U is the output voltage amplitude of the high-voltage pulse device. t is tonIs the maximum width of the pulse. N is a radical of1The number of turns of the wire. B isSTo saturate the magnetic induction, BRThe residual magnetic induction strength. α is the fill factor of the core.
The coupling injector includes a magnetic core, a winding, a shielding housing, and an insulating housing.
Wherein the wire is wound around the magnetic core.
The magnetic core and the winding are located inside the shielding shell.
The shielding shell is positioned inside the insulating shell.
2) And (5) building a high-voltage pulse device.
The high-voltage pulse device comprises a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an FPGA module, a control circuit, a pulse forming unit and a discharge resistor.
The high-voltage direct-current power supply charges a capacitor in the pulse forming unit.
The FPGA module receives pulse parameters sent by the upper computer and generates a switch control signal.
The control circuit receives the switch control signal and controls the on-off of the switch in the pulse forming unit to enable the pulse forming unit to generate pulse voltage.
The pulse forming unit comprises a capacitor and a switch which are connected in series.
The pulse forming unit sends a pulse voltage to the coupled injector through a discharge resistor.
3) The upper computer sets pulse parameters and sends the pulse parameters to the high-voltage pulse device.
4) The high-voltage pulse device injects excitation pulse voltage to the winding end part of the reactor to be tested through the coupling injector.
5) And a voltage sensor placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an input excitation voltage signal in real time, and a current sensor placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an output response current signal in real time and sends the output response current signal to the data processing module.
6) The data processing module respectively carries out fast Fourier transform on the input excitation voltage signal and the output response current signal to obtain a frequency domain representation U of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f)。
7) The data processing module represents U according to the frequency domain of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f) And calculating the frequency response TF and drawing an actually measured frequency response curve.
The frequency response transfer function TF is as follows:
in the formula I0(f) To output a frequency domain representation of the response current signal. U shapei(f) Is a frequency domain representation of the input excitation voltage signal.
And the data processing module compares the actually measured frequency response curve with the reference frequency response curve and judges the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the reactor to be detected according to the correlation coefficient of the actually measured frequency response curve and the reference frequency response curve.
The technical effect of the invention is undoubtedly that the invention provides an efficient, sensitive and non-contact on-line detection method for turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the inventive method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an injection signal;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a design of a coupled injector;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a high voltage pulse device;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a laboratory validation implementation of the inventive method;
fig. 6 is a graph of laboratory verified measured healthy and shorted winding frequency responses.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, a non-contact online detection method for a turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a reactor based on IFRA (Impulse Frequency Response) magnetic coupling includes the following steps:
1) the coupling injector parameters are determined and a coupling injector is fabricated.
The coupling injector parameters include magnetic core material, magnetic core size, wire wound material, number of wire windings, insulating housing material, insulating housing size, shielding housing material, shielding housing size.
The magnetic core size and the number of winding turns satisfy the following formula:
Smin＝Uton/N1(BS-BR)α (1)
in the formula, SminThe smallest cross-sectional area of the core. U is the output voltage amplitude of the high-voltage pulse device. t is tonIs the maximum width of the pulse. N is a radical of1The number of turns of the wire.BSTo saturate the magnetic induction, BRThe residual magnetic induction strength. α is the fill factor of the core.
The coupling injector includes a magnetic core, a winding, a shielding housing, and an insulating housing.
Wherein the wire is wound around the magnetic core.
The magnetic core and the winding are located inside the shielding shell.
The shielding shell is positioned inside the insulating shell. The shielding shell and the insulating shell are provided with lead leading-out holes.
2) And (5) building a high-voltage pulse device.
The high-voltage pulse device comprises a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an FPGA module, a control circuit, a pulse forming unit and a discharge resistor.
The high-voltage direct-current power supply charges a capacitor in the pulse forming unit.
The FPGA module receives pulse parameters sent by the upper computer and generates a switch control signal.
The control circuit receives the switch control signal and controls the on-off of the switch in the pulse forming unit to enable the pulse forming unit to generate pulse voltage.
The pulse forming unit comprises a capacitor and a switch which are connected in series.
The pulse forming unit sends a pulse voltage to the coupled injector through a discharge resistor.
3) The upper computer sets pulse parameters and sends the pulse parameters to the high-voltage pulse device.
4) The high-voltage pulse device injects excitation pulse voltage to the winding end part of the reactor to be tested through the coupling injector.
5) And a voltage sensor placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an input excitation voltage signal in real time, and a current sensor placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an output response current signal in real time and sends the output response current signal to the data processing module.
6) The data processing module respectively carries out fast Fourier transform on the input excitation voltage signal and the output response current signal to obtain a frequency domain representation U of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting the response currentFrequency domain representation of a signal I0(f)。
7) The data processing module represents U according to the frequency domain of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f) And calculating the frequency response TF and drawing an actually measured frequency response curve.
The frequency response transfer function TF is as follows:
in the formula I0(f) To output a frequency domain representation of the response current signal. U shapei(f) Is a frequency domain representation of the input excitation voltage signal.
8) And the data processing module compares the actually measured frequency response curve with the reference frequency response curve and judges the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the reactor to be detected according to the correlation coefficient of the actually measured frequency response curve and the reference frequency response curve.
Example 2:
a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type on-line detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly comprises the following steps:
1) designing a coupling injector; the coupled injector design is: a) selecting magnetic core materials and calculating the size; b) selecting a winding material and calculating the number of turns; c) selecting materials and designing the size of the insulating shell; d) shield can material selection and sizing.
2) Generating excitation pulse voltage by using a high-voltage pulse device, and loading the excitation pulse voltage to the end part of the reactor winding through a coupling injector to perform an experiment; the high-voltage pulse device comprises a high-voltage direct-current power supply, a pulse forming unit, a control circuit and a discharge resistor. The high-voltage direct-current power supply converts 220V alternating current into input high-voltage direct current to charge a capacitor in the pulse forming unit; the control circuit controls the on-off of a solid-state switch in the pulse forming unit through the FPGA to generate pulse voltage to act on the discharge resistor; the voltage across the discharge resistor is applied to the reactor winding ends via the coupling injector.
3) Acquiring an excitation signal and a response signal using voltage and current sensors;
4) and the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired signals and draws a frequency response curve.
5) And calculating mathematical statistical parameters and diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the reactor. The data processing module mainly comprises functions of frequency response curve drawing and mathematical statistic index calculation, and can be realized by programming; and the frequency response curve drawing is to perform fast Fourier transform on the acquired input excitation voltage signal and the acquired output response current signal respectively, then perform frequency response calculation and draw a frequency response curve. And then diagnosing the short-circuit fault through a frequency response curve (qualitative) and a mathematical statistic index (quantitative).
Example 3:
a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type on-line detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly comprises the following steps:
1) an excitation signal is injected into a reactor suspended on the high-voltage bus through a coupling injector.
2) And respectively collecting an excitation voltage signal and a response current signal.
3) And the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired signals. And a voltage sensor is used for collecting a high-voltage nanosecond pulse excitation signal generated by the high-voltage pulse device and a response current signal on a grounding wire at the tail end of the winding to a data processing module through analog-to-digital conversion.
4) And drawing a frequency response curve and carrying out fault diagnosis.
Example 4:
a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly comprises the following steps of embodiment 3, wherein a selection mode of a used coupling injector is as follows:
considering the response to nanosecond pulses, iron-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloys of the Antai technology were chosen as the magnetic core material. Has high saturation magnetic flux density and magnetic permeability. As shown in FIG. 2, wherein u1(t) is the output voltage of the pulse generator, and the induced voltage u is generated on the secondary side under the action of the exciting current2(t) of (d). From hysteresisThe line can see that when the current is reduced to zero, the magnetic field strength is also reduced to zero; however, due to hysteresis effects, the magnetic induction B cannot be reduced to 0 at the same time, but is reduced to the remanence point BR. So that there are
N1(BS-BR)Sα≥∫u(t)dt (1)
Wherein N is1Number of primary winding turns, BSTo saturate the magnetic induction, BRThe residual magnetic induction intensity is shown as S, the cross section area of the magnetic core is shown as u (t), the output voltage of the pulse generator is shown as u (t), and the filling coefficient of the magnetic core is shown as alpha. The integration interval is one pulse period. The formula can be simplified to
Smin＝Uton/N1(BS-BR)α (2)
Wherein SminThe minimum cross-sectional area of the required magnetic core, U is the pulse generator output voltage amplitude, tonThe maximum pulse width is 500ns, N1Is the number of primary winding turns. By consulting magnetic core handbooks, BSIs 1.25T, BR0.1T and a fill factor of about 0.78. While the pulse generator output voltage amplitude is intended to be determined to be 2 kV. To make the above formula SminAt maximum, let N1Is 1 turn. Calculated Smin≈1116mm2. Considering the margins, a core of size 130mm 80mm 50mm was therefore selected. Meanwhile, a rubber high-voltage wire with the voltage resistance of 5kV is selected for winding. The number of turns of the secondary side is 1 turn, so that 100V pulse voltage is to be coupled to the reactor. With a pulse generator generating a high voltage pulse of 2kV, 20 turns are required on the primary side.
The insulating shell material adopts silicon rubber with excellent insulating and aging resistance. The shielding shell material is selected from permalloy with good shielding effectiveness. The design structure of the integrated coupling injector is shown in fig. 3, the outermost layer is an insulating shell, the second outer layer is a shielding shell, and the inner part is a magnetic core.
Example 5:
the main steps of a non-contact online detection method for the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a reactor based on IFRA magnetic coupling are shown in embodiment 3, wherein a used high-voltage pulse device comprises a high-voltage direct-current power supply, a pulse forming unit, a control circuit and a discharge resistor, and the method is shown in FIG. 4. The high-voltage direct-current power supply converts 220V alternating current into input high-voltage direct current to charge a capacitor in the pulse forming unit; the control circuit controls the on-off of a solid-state switch in the pulse forming unit through the FPGA to generate pulse voltage to act on the discharge resistor; the voltage across the discharge resistor is applied to the reactor winding ends via the coupling injector.
Example 6:
a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type on-line detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly includes the steps of embodiment 3, wherein a used data processing module mainly comprises frequency response curve drawing and mathematical statistics index calculation functions, and both the functions can be realized by programming; and the frequency response curve drawing is to perform fast Fourier transform on the acquired input excitation voltage signal and the acquired output response current signal respectively, perform frequency response calculation according to the formula (3) and draw a frequency response curve. In the formula I0(f) For outputting a frequency-domain representation of the response current signal, Ui(f) Is a frequency domain representation of the excitation voltage signal. TF is the winding frequency response amplitude curve expressed in gain.
The frequency response data is then compared. And comprehensively comparing and analyzing the change information of the frequency and the amplitude of the wave crest, the wave trough of the actually measured frequency response curve by taking the frequency response data measured by the reactor under the healthy condition as a reference, and when the changes of the frequency and the waveform form of the wave crest, the wave trough and the waveform form of the actually measured frequency response curve are large, determining that the reactor has turn-to-turn short circuit fault.
Example 7:
a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type on-line detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact on-line detection system based on IFRA magnetic coupling is built and comprises an upper computer, a coupling injector, a high-voltage pulse device, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a data processing module.
The upper computer sets pulse parameters and sends the pulse parameters to an FPGA module of the high-voltage pulse device.
And the high-voltage pulse device injects excitation pulse voltage to the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested through the coupling injector.
The current sensor and the voltage sensor are placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested, and are used for respectively monitoring and outputting a response current signal and an input excitation voltage signal and sending the response current signal and the input excitation voltage signal to the data processing module.
The data processing module is integrated in the upper computer.
The data processing module respectively carries out fast Fourier transform on the input excitation voltage signal and the output response current signal to obtain a frequency domain representation U of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f)。
The data processing module represents U according to the frequency domain of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f) And calculating a frequency response transfer function TF, and drawing an actually measured frequency response curve.
And the data processing module compares the measured frequency response curve with the reference frequency response curve, judges whether the reactor to be tested has turn-to-turn short circuit faults or not, and adopts a frequency response analysis method for winding deformation of a DLT 911-2016 power transformer as a judgment standard.
2) An excitation signal is injected into a reactor suspended on the high-voltage bus through a coupling injector.
3) And respectively collecting an excitation voltage signal and a response current signal.
4) And the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired signals. And a voltage sensor is used for collecting a high-voltage nanosecond pulse excitation signal generated by the high-voltage pulse device and a response current signal on a grounding wire at the tail end of the winding to a data processing module through analog-to-digital conversion.
5) And drawing a frequency response curve and carrying out fault diagnosis.
Example 8:
referring to fig. 5, a verification experiment of a reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact online detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling mainly includes the following processes:
1) designing a coupling injector;
2) generating excitation pulse voltage by using a high-voltage pulse device, and loading the excitation pulse voltage to the end part of the reactor winding through a coupling injector to perform an experiment;
3) acquiring an excitation signal and a response signal using voltage and current sensors;
4) and the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired signals and draws a frequency response curve.
5) And calculating mathematical statistical parameters and diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the reactor.
Fig. 6 is a graph of frequency response for winding health and short circuit conditions. After the turn-to-turn short circuit occurs, the frequency response curve tends to move to a high frequency. The mathematical statistical parameters are calculated by adopting a correlation coefficient CC in a frequency response analysis method for winding deformation of a standard DLT 911-2016 power transformer, and the calculation process is as follows:
the transfer function amplitude sequence of the measured frequency response curve with the length of N is recorded as X (i), and the transfer function amplitude sequence of the healthy frequency response curve (i.e. the frequency response curve of the winding in the fault-free state) is recorded as Y (i).
Calculated CCLFIs 1.2, CCMF0.65, the winding can be judged to be in fault according to the criterion in the standard. CC (challenge collapsar)LFThe coefficient of correlation, CC, of the curve in the low frequency band (1kHz-100kHz)MFThe correlation coefficient of the curve in the middle frequency band (100kHz-600kHz) is shown.
Claims (6)
1. A reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method based on IFRA magnetic coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining parameters of a coupling injector and manufacturing the coupling injector;
2) and (5) building a high-voltage pulse device.
3) The upper computer sets pulse parameters and sends the pulse parameters to the high-voltage pulse device;
4) the high-voltage pulse device injects excitation pulse voltage to the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested through a coupling injector;
5) a voltage sensor placed at the end part of a winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an input excitation voltage signal in real time, and a current sensor placed at the end part of the winding of the reactor to be tested monitors an output response current signal in real time and sends the output response current signal to a data processing module;
6) the data processing module respectively carries out fast Fourier transform on the input excitation voltage signal and the output response current signal to obtain a frequency domain representation U of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f)；
7) The data processing module represents U according to the frequency domain of the input excitation voltage signali(f) And outputting a frequency domain representation I of the response current signal0(f) Calculating a frequency response transfer function TF, and drawing an actually measured frequency response curve;
8) and the data processing module compares the actually measured frequency response curve with the reference frequency response curve and judges the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the reactor to be detected according to the correlation coefficient of the actually measured frequency response curve and the reference frequency response curve.
2. The IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupling injector parameters include magnetic core material, magnetic core size, wire wound material, number of wire windings, insulating housing material, insulating housing size, shielding housing material, shielding housing size.
3. The IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the core size and the number of turns of the wire of the coupling injector satisfy the following formula:
Smin＝Uton/N1(BS-BR)α (1)
in the formula, SminIs the minimum cross-sectional area of the magnetic core; u is the output voltage amplitude of the high-voltage pulse device; t is tonIs the maximum width of the pulse; n is a radical of1The number of turns of the winding; b isSTo saturate the magnetic induction, BRThe residual magnetic induction intensity; α is the fill factor of the core.
4. The IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupling injector comprises a magnetic core, a winding, a shielding shell and an insulating shell;
wherein the winding is wound on the magnetic core;
the magnetic core and the winding are positioned inside the shielding shell;
the shielding shell is positioned inside the insulating shell.
5. The IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-voltage pulse device comprises a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an FPGA module, a control circuit, a pulse forming unit and a discharge resistor;
the high-voltage direct-current power supply charges a capacitor in the pulse forming unit;
the FPGA module receives pulse parameters sent by an upper computer and generates a switch control signal;
the control circuit receives the switch control signal and controls the on-off of the switch in the pulse forming unit to enable the pulse forming unit to generate pulse voltage;
the pulse forming unit comprises a capacitor and a switch which are connected in series;
the pulse forming unit sends a pulse voltage to the coupled injector through a discharge resistor.
6. The IFRA magnetic coupling-based reactor turn-to-turn short circuit fault non-contact type online detection method according to claim 1, wherein a frequency response transfer function TF is as follows:
in the formula I0(f) To output a frequency domain representation of the response current signal; u shapei(f) Is a frequency domain representation of the input excitation voltage signal.
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| CN114396866A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Transformer winding deformation fault detection method and device |
| CN117706300A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-15 | 西南交通大学 | A method for detecting partial discharge status of transformer based on pulse coupling injection |
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Application publication date: 20210730 |