CN113189129A - Rock crack porosity detection process - Google Patents
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011026 pyroclastic rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims 10
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims 9
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012863 analytical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008161 low-grade oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
- G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种岩石裂缝孔隙度检测工艺，涉及岩样检测领域，解决了肉眼观察描述工作量大，孔隙度计算精度严重受到设备分辨率的制约的问题。本发明包括加载岩心夹持器围压并维持压力恒定，向岩样驱入超纯水并驱通整个岩样，利用低场核磁共振设备测试含岩样的岩心夹持器内部核磁信号；核磁共振测试后的岩样抽风烘干至恒重，用热缩管包裹岩样后利用三轴岩石力学设备对岩样加压直至岩样破裂；破裂后的岩样取出，抽风烘干后放入岩心夹持器中，重复测试。本发明与常规X‑CT扫描方式相比，更加快速，精度更高。
The invention discloses a rock fracture porosity detection technology, relates to the field of rock sample detection, and solves the problems of large workload of visual observation and description, and the problem that the porosity calculation accuracy is seriously restricted by the resolution of equipment. The invention includes loading the confining pressure of the core holder and keeping the pressure constant, driving ultrapure water into the rock sample and driving through the whole rock sample, and using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment to test the nuclear magnetic signal inside the core holder containing the rock sample; After the resonance test, the rock samples were air-dried to a constant weight. After wrapping the rock samples with heat-shrinkable tubes, the rock samples were pressurized with a triaxial rock mechanics device until the rock samples were broken. In the core holder, repeat the test. Compared with the conventional X-CT scanning mode, the present invention is faster and has higher precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock sample detection method, in particular to a rock crack porosity detection process.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is an important means for realizing the exploration and development of unconventional and low-grade oil and gas reservoirs. The complexity of the underground fracture after the pressure has an important influence on the hydraulic fracturing effect. The method has important significance for quantitative characterization of fracture complexity after the rock is fractured.
At present, methods for testing the complexity of cracks are mainly classified into the following four categories:
(1) description by visual observation: and (4) collecting field outcrop or underground rock cores, observing the development length and width of the crack by naked eyes, and calculating the complexity of the crack. The observation result obtained by the method is influenced by the experience of an observer and the observation of the selected sample, the workload is large, and the observation result can only reflect the porosity in the area sense.
(2) Laboratory analytical testing: the high-precision electron microscope observation is influenced by a sample point, an observation visual field and the like, and the complexity of the crack cannot be quantitatively calculated; the CT scanning technology can obtain the spatial distribution of the cracks in the rock sample, but the calculation accuracy of the porosity is severely limited by the resolution of equipment.
The 2 types of methods have respective limitations and disadvantages, and a new method is urgently needed to quantitatively test the complexity of the cracks after the rock is cracked.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the visual observation has large describing workload, and the calculation precision of the porosity is seriously restricted by the resolution of equipment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for testing the porosity of a rock fracture by using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance device comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the target rock sample into a cylindrical sample with the length of 5cm and the diameter of 2.54cm, and performing air draft and drying until the weight is constant;
s2, scanning and imaging the dried rock sample in the S1 by using X-CT scanning equipment, and selecting a sample without microcracks in the rock core according to a nuclear magnetic scanning imaging result;
s3, placing the sample without microcracks in the core selected in the S2 into a core holder, loading the confining pressure of the core holder and maintaining the pressure constant, and driving ultrapure water into the rock sample to drive the ultrapure water through the whole rock sample; testing the nuclear magnetic signals in the rock core holder containing the rock sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment;
s4, performing air draft drying on the rock sample subjected to the nuclear magnetic resonance test in the S3 until the weight is constant, wrapping the rock sample with a heat-shrinkable tube, and pressurizing the rock sample by using triaxial rock mechanics equipment until the rock sample is broken;
s5, taking out the cracked rock sample in the step S4, exhausting air, drying, putting into a core holder, loading confining pressure of the core holder, maintaining the pressure constant, and driving ultrapure water into the rock sample to drive the whole rock sample through the ultrapure water; testing the nuclear magnetic signals in the rock core holder containing the rock sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment;
s6, comparing T2 spectral curves obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance tests before and after triaxial compression, and intercepting a T2 spectral curve corresponding to newly added transverse relaxation time after rock fracture;
s7, testing a nuclear magnetic signal calibration sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment, and establishing a calibration relational expression between nuclear magnetic signal quantity and water containing quality;
and S8, calculating the water-bearing volume of the T2 spectrum curve corresponding to the newly-added transverse relaxation time after the rock intercepted in the S6 is broken according to the calibration relation in the step S7, and quantitatively representing the fracture complexity after the rock sample mechanical experiment of different lithologies by using the water-bearing volume.
The method comprises the steps of driving ultrapure water twice, testing nuclear magnetic signals in a rock core holder containing a rock sample by using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance device, comparing T2 spectral curves obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance testing before and after triaxial compression, intercepting a T2 spectral curve corresponding to newly-increased transverse relaxation time after the rock is fractured, establishing a calibration relation between nuclear magnetic signal quantity and water-containing quality, finally calculating the water-containing volume of a T2 spectral curve corresponding to the newly-increased transverse relaxation time after the intercepted rock is fractured, and quantitatively representing fracture complexity after mechanical experiments of the rock samples with different lithologies by using the volume.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method can accurately and quantitatively describe the complexity of the cracks after the rock is cracked;
2. compared with the conventional X-CT scanning mode, the method is quicker and has higher precision.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum comparison chart before and after the volcano-03 rock sample triaxial mechanical experiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum comparison chart before and after the triaxial mechanical experiment of the shale-01 rock sample;
FIG. 3 is a calibration curve of nuclear magnetic signal intensity versus water content in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the complexity of the volcanic and shale fractures of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the term "comprising" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented function, operation or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B, or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", and the like) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the respective constituent elements. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements described. The foregoing description is for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: if it is described that one constituent element is "connected" to another constituent element, the first constituent element may be directly connected to the second constituent element, and a third constituent element may be "connected" between the first constituent element and the second constituent element. In contrast, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it is understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
s1, preparing the pyroclastic rock sample and the shale rock sample into cylindrical samples with the length of 5cm and the diameter of 2.54cm respectively, and performing air draft and drying until the weight is constant;
s2, scanning and imaging the volcaniclastic rock sample and the shale rock sample subjected to air drying in the S1 by using X-CT scanning equipment, and selecting a sample without microcracks in a rock core according to a nuclear magnetic scanning imaging result, wherein the selected volcaniclastic rock sample is volcano-03: the shale rock sample is 'shale-01';
s3, placing the volcano-03 samples and the shale-01 samples selected in the S2 into a core holder, loading confining pressure of the core holder and maintaining the pressure constant, and driving ultrapure water into the rock sample to drive the ultrapure water through the whole rock sample; testing the nuclear magnetic signals in the rock core holder containing the rock sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment;
s4, performing air draft drying on the volcano-03 and shale-01 samples subjected to the nuclear magnetic resonance test in the S3 to constant weight, wrapping the rock sample with a heat shrinkable tube, and pressurizing the rock sample by utilizing triaxial rock mechanical equipment until the rock sample is cracked;
s5, taking out the volcano-03 and shale-01 samples cracked in the step S4, exhausting air, drying, putting into a core holder, loading the core holder, keeping the pressure constant, and driving ultrapure water into the rock sample to drive the whole rock sample through the ultrapure water; testing the nuclear magnetic signals in the rock core holder containing the rock sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment;
s6, comparing T2 spectral curves obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance tests of volcano-03 and shale-01 samples before and after triaxial compression, and intercepting a T2 spectral curve corresponding to newly-increased transverse relaxation time after rock fracture;
s7, testing a nuclear magnetic signal calibration sample by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment, and establishing a calibration relational expression between nuclear magnetic signal quantity and water containing quality;
and S8, calculating the water-bearing volume of the T2 spectral curve corresponding to the newly-increased transverse relaxation time after the rock intercepted in the S6 is fractured according to the calibration relational expression in the step S7, and quantitatively representing the fracture complexity of rock samples with different lithologies after the rock samples are fractured by utilizing the water-bearing volume. As can be seen from FIG. 4, after the mechanical experiment, the complexity of the volcanic fractures is 0.0616cm3, the complexity of the shale fractures is 0.0046cm3, and the complexity of the volcanic fractures is higher.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN116953012A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating two-dimensional nuclear magnetic distribution of carbonate light oil reservoir cracks |
| CN117269223A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-22 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating multi-scale crack two-dimensional nuclear magnetism T1-T2 distribution of lamellar shale |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN114412429B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-01-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A method for testing the relationship between the crack size of the Brazilian splitting method and NMR T2 |
| CN116953012A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-27 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating two-dimensional nuclear magnetic distribution of carbonate light oil reservoir cracks |
| CN116953012B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-11-24 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating two-dimensional nuclear magnetic distribution of carbonate light oil reservoir cracks |
| CN117269223A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-22 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating multi-scale crack two-dimensional nuclear magnetism T1-T2 distribution of lamellar shale |
| CN117269223B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-26 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Method for calibrating multi-scale crack two-dimensional nuclear magnetism T1-T2 distribution of lamellar shale |
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