CN113188479A - Large-span guide rail parallelism detection method - Google Patents
Large-span guide rail parallelism detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113188479A CN113188479A CN202110346416.9A CN202110346416A CN113188479A CN 113188479 A CN113188479 A CN 113188479A CN 202110346416 A CN202110346416 A CN 202110346416A CN 113188479 A CN113188479 A CN 113188479A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail, which belongs to the field of machine tool precision debugging and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control; s2, fixing the laser interferometer on the right slide plate; s3, fixing the reflector on the left side sliding plate; s4, adjusting the reflector; s5, erecting an interference mirror; s6, adjusting a laser head shutter to a measuring position; s7, opening laser interferometer software; s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software; s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and recording an error value of each position; s10, adjusting the error to be within an allowable range; and S11, rechecking. The invention adopts the optical principle for measurement, is not influenced by the span of the guide rail, has high measurement precision, strong universality and visualized error, can realize the rapid detection of the parallelism of the guide rail and improve the detection efficiency and precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool precision debugging, in particular to a method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace and automobile manufacturing industries, more parts are changed from simple profiles to complex profiles, the requirements on the machining precision of the parts are higher and higher, the numerical control machine serves as main equipment for machining the parts, the machining precision requirements are higher, the installation and matching precision of the machine is the basis of the machining precision of the whole machine, and the machine is good in basic installation precision and can be used for greatly improving the machining precision of the machine.
In the installation process of the prior machine tool, two methods are mainly used for detecting the parallelism of the large-span guide rail: firstly, a high-precision measuring tape is used for direct measurement; secondly, measuring the parallelism by using a long rod with a dial indicator at the end and taking a single-side guide rail as a reference; however, the two methods have the biggest problems that: one person cannot finish the measurement and two persons are needed to carry out the measurement; the precision is too low, when measuring big span guide rail depth of parallelism, because bilateral guide rail interval is too big, leads to measuring tool can receive the amount of deflection influence when measuring, the condition of flagging in the middle of appearing to cause measuring error big, it is inaccurate, seriously influence the adjustment of lathe guide rail depth of parallelism, can't satisfy lathe high accuracy processing demand.
Chinese patent literature with publication number CN 102269561a, publication number 2011, 12/07 discloses a large-span machine tool guide rail parallelism measuring device and measuring method, including left guide rail slider and right guide rail slider that match with left guide rail and right guide rail respectively, left guide rail slider and right guide rail slider on be fixed with left connecting block and right connecting block respectively, right connecting block on be fixed with the laser flashlight, left connecting block on be equipped with the corresponding piece of adjusting well of laser flashlight, adjust well and be equipped with laser on the piece and adjust the reference point well, left and right connecting block between still be connected with the high accuracy steel rule through steel wire and extension spring, the indication portion of high accuracy steel rule fall on the middle part on right connecting block, right connecting block on be equipped with the reading reference line of high accuracy steel rule.
The device and the method for measuring the parallelism of the guide rails of the large-span machine tool disclosed by the patent document ensure the synchronism of the left guide rail slide block and the right guide rail slide block during sliding by utilizing the laser flashlight and the alignment block, and during measurement, the parallelism can be measured according to the change of the distance between the two guide rails after the left guide rail slide block and the right guide rail slide block move, so that the operation is easy. However, the measurement precision is still poor, and the measurement accuracy for the parallelism of the guide rail of the large-span machine tool is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting the parallelism of a guide rail with a large span.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
In the step S2, the laser head is fixed on the right sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand, specifically, when the laser head is erected, the laser head is parallel to the Y direction by visual observation, then the laser head is fixed on the magnetic gauge stand, and finally the magnetic gauge stand is fixed on the right sliding plate.
In the step S5, the overlapping of the laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector means that the laser beams pass through the interferometer by translating the interferometer up and down, left and right, and the two laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector are overlapped.
In the step S9, recording the error value at each position specifically means dividing the X direction into n segments in a halving manner, moving the X direction by the same distance, and recording the error value displayed in real time by the software after pausing.
In step S11, the parallelism error is an absolute value of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the detection error value.
The number of the X-direction sliding plates is two, and the two X-direction sliding plates are respectively connected to the two guide rails in a sliding manner.
According to the invention, the X direction is along the length direction of the guide rail, and the Y direction is along the width direction of the guide rail.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects:
1. in the step S1 of installing and debugging the machine tool, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control; s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand; s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod; s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector; s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port; s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp; s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions; s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software; s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position; s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base; and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continuously adjust until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
2. Compared with the traditional detection method, the invention utilizes the over-optical principle to carry out measurement, so the invention is not influenced by the deflection deformation of any detection tool, the measurement is more accurate, especially for detecting the parallelism of a guide rail with large span, the larger the span is, the larger the deflection deformation of the traditional detection tool is, and the problem can be effectively avoided by using a laser interferometer, thereby realizing accurate measurement.
3. According to the invention, the actual measurement interval of the laser interferometer is 40m at most, and the precision grade can reach 0.0001mm, so that the laser interferometer is not influenced by the span of the guide rail, can realize accurate measurement aiming at the guide rails with various spans, guarantees the precision, and avoids the limitation of single measurement of the traditional tool.
4. According to the invention, aiming at the installation and debugging stage of the machine tool, the detection of the parallelism of the guide rail is generally placed before the installation of the cross beam, and the X-direction sliding plate is fixed on the rolling body and is driven by the servo motor to operate, so that the front and back synchronous movement of the X-direction sliding plate can be realized through double-drive control, and the synchronism is ensured.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail comprises the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
S1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control; s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand; s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod; s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector; s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port; s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp; s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions; s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software; s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position; s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base; and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continuously adjust until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
Example 2
A method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail comprises the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
In the step S2, the laser head is fixed on the right sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand, specifically, when the laser head is erected, the laser head is parallel to the Y direction by visual observation, then the laser head is fixed on the magnetic gauge stand, and finally the magnetic gauge stand is fixed on the right sliding plate.
Compared with the traditional detection method, the method has the advantages that the over-optical principle is utilized for measurement, so that the method is not influenced by deflection deformation of any detection tool, the measurement is more accurate, especially for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail, the larger the span is, the larger the deflection deformation of the traditional detection tool is, and the problem can be effectively avoided by using a laser interferometer, so that the accurate measurement is realized.
Example 3
A method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail comprises the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
In the step S2, the laser head is fixed on the right sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand, specifically, when the laser head is erected, the laser head is parallel to the Y direction by visual observation, then the laser head is fixed on the magnetic gauge stand, and finally the magnetic gauge stand is fixed on the right sliding plate.
In the step S5, the overlapping of the laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector means that the laser beams pass through the interferometer by translating the interferometer up and down, left and right, and the two laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector are overlapped.
The actual measurement interval of the laser interferometer is 40m at most, and the precision grade can reach 0.0001mm, so that the laser interferometer is not influenced by the span of the guide rail, can realize accurate measurement aiming at the guide rails with various spans, guarantees the precision, and avoids the limitation of single measurement of the traditional tool.
Example 4
A method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail comprises the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
In the step S2, the laser head is fixed on the right sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand, specifically, when the laser head is erected, the laser head is parallel to the Y direction by visual observation, then the laser head is fixed on the magnetic gauge stand, and finally the magnetic gauge stand is fixed on the right sliding plate.
In the step S5, the overlapping of the laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector means that the laser beams pass through the interferometer by translating the interferometer up and down, left and right, and the two laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector are overlapped.
In the step S9, recording the error value at each position specifically means dividing the X direction into n segments in a halving manner, moving the X direction by the same distance, and recording the error value displayed in real time by the software after pausing.
In step S11, the parallelism error is an absolute value of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the detection error value.
Aiming at the installation and debugging stage of a machine tool, the detection of the parallelism of the guide rail is generally placed before the installation of the cross beam, and the X-direction sliding plate is fixed on the rolling body and is driven by the servo motor to operate, so that the front and back synchronous movement of the X-direction sliding plate can be realized through double-drive control, and the synchronism is ensured.
The measuring process of the invention is as follows:
connecting a laser interferometer with a computer, opening laser interferometer software, synchronously moving an X-direction sliding plate to an initial measurement position, resetting a target position of the software at the moment, and recording the current software reading as L1; synchronously moving the X-direction sliding plate to a second measuring position, and recording the current software reading as L2; by analogy, synchronously moving the X-direction sliding plate to the end point position of the guide rail, and recording the current software reading as Ln; after the full travel is measured, a group of data (L1, L2. cndot. Ln) is obtained, so that the parallelism error A of the two guide rails is as follows:
A=Max（L1，L2···Ln）-Min（L1，L2···Ln）。
Claims (5)
1. a method for detecting the parallelism of a large-span guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, in the machine tool mounting and debugging stage, the X-direction sliding plate moves simultaneously through double-drive control;
s2, fixing a laser head of the laser interferometer on the right sliding plate through a magnetic gauge stand;
s3, fixing the reflector on the left sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand and the clamping rod;
s4, adjusting the height and the left and right positions of the reflector to reflect the laser emitted by the laser head to the laser head light source receiving port through the reflector;
s5, erecting an interference mirror between the laser head and the reflector to make the interference mirror and the laser reflected by the reflector coincide and fall in the middle of the laser head light source receiving port;
s6, adjusting a laser head optical shutter to a measuring position, and observing whether a laser head LED signal lamp is a 5-grid green lamp;
s7, opening laser interferometer software, and marking zero positions by the positions;
s8, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a first measuring position, and recording the reading of the software;
s9, moving the X-direction sliding plate to a point position required to be measured, and simultaneously recording an error value of each position;
s10, when the error value exceeds the allowable error, moving the sliding plate to the position needing to be adjusted, and adjusting the error to the allowable range through the compression screw and the adjusting screw on the X-direction base;
and S11, rechecking, after the adjustment is finished, checking the parallelism of the full-stroke guide rail according to the steps S7-S9, and if the error exceeds the allowable error, executing the step S10 to continue the adjustment until the parallelism error is within the allowable range.
2. The method for detecting the parallelism of the large-span guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the laser head is fixed on the right sliding plate through the magnetic gauge stand, specifically, when the laser head is erected, the laser head is parallel to the Y direction by visual observation, then the laser head is fixed on the magnetic gauge stand, and finally the magnetic gauge stand is fixed on the right sliding plate.
3. The method for detecting the parallelism of the large-span guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the overlapping of the laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector means that the laser beams pass through the interferometer by translating the interferometer up and down, left and right, and the two laser beams reflected by the interferometer and the reflector are overlapped.
4. The method for detecting the parallelism of the large-span guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S9, recording the error value at each position specifically means dividing the X direction into n segments in a halving manner, moving the X direction by the same distance, and recording the error value displayed in real time by the software after pausing.
5. The method for detecting the parallelism of the large-span guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: in step S11, the parallelism error is an absolute value of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the detection error value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113720579A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | High-precision special testing and adjusting detection method for spacecraft solar heat collection window |
| CN116276815A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-06-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Tool and method for adjusting parallelism and seam of guide rail |
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| CN209524877U (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-10-22 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of on-line measurement system of numerically-controlled machine tool dynamic accuracy |
| CN112444198A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-05 | 中南大学 | Automatic detection and alarm system integrated equipment for geometric dimension of rail |
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| CN113720579A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | High-precision special testing and adjusting detection method for spacecraft solar heat collection window |
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| CN116276815A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-06-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Tool and method for adjusting parallelism and seam of guide rail |
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Application publication date: 20210730 |