CN113187606B

CN113187606B - Automatic transmission engine with high running stability

Info

Publication number: CN113187606B
Application number: CN202110333826.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王国犬
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-03-29
Filing date: 2021-03-29
Publication date: 2022-12-13
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-29
Also published as: CN113187606A

Abstract

The present invention provides an automatic transmission engine with high operation stability, comprising four cylinders, a first cylinder and a third cylinder for completing an intake stroke and a compression stroke, a second cylinder and a fourth cylinder for completing a power stroke and an exhaust stroke, respectively; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are in a group of working cycles, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are in a group of working cycles; and throttle valves used for controlling the gas flow entering the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder from the heat exchanger are arranged in the combustion chambers of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder. The engine of the invention has simple structure, automatic speed changing function, and can save complex speed changing structure, thereby improving the overall safety and stability of the vehicle. The oil consumption is relatively lower when the engine runs at low speed. The low-speed running stability is ensured, and meanwhile, the high-speed running capability of the vehicle is also ensured.

Description

Automatic transmission engine with high running stability

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to an automatic speed change engine with high running stability.

Background

Engines are machines used to convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy. An engine on a vehicle converts the chemical energy of fuel combustion into the rotational speed of a shaft.

Each gear of the gearbox has different transmission ratios, the low transmission ratio is used during low-speed running, the rotating speed of a large shaft is lower than that of an engine, and larger driving force can be obtained according to a formula P = FV. When the speed is high, the rotation speed of the large shaft is higher than that of the engine, the traction force is reduced to obtain higher speed, and gears of different sizes are selected to be meshed with the gears of the large shaft. The use of a gearbox and engine together thus allows the vehicle to achieve different speed requirements in operation.

In the prior art, a vehicle runs according to the formula P = FV. When the vehicle runs at a low speed, the transmission ratio of the gearbox is required to be reduced in order to obtain larger traction force, the rotating speed of the engine relative to the wheels is increased, and the higher rotating speed represents that the engine needs to consume relatively more air, so that the low-speed running oil consumption is relatively larger. In high-speed running, the larger transmission ratio enables the engine speed to be reduced relative to the wheel speed, and the fuel consumption is reduced relative to low-speed running.

In order to solve the above technical problems, those skilled in the art have tried to close part of the cylinders at low speed or adopt a hybrid scheme, but the above improvement results in an excessively complex engine structure. The complex structure necessarily results in a reduction in the operational stability and safety of the machine.

Therefore, it is very important to provide an engine transmission scheme without increasing the structural complexity of the engine and maintaining the operational stability and safety of the engine.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic speed change engine with high running stability, and solves the technical problem that the existing engine has high low-speed oil consumption.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

an automatic transmission engine having high operation stability, including four cylinders, a first cylinder and a third cylinder for performing an intake stroke and a compression stroke, respectively, a second cylinder and a fourth cylinder for performing a power stroke and an exhaust stroke; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are in a group of working cycles, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are in a group of working cycles;

and throttle valves used for controlling the gas flow of the heat exchanger entering the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are arranged in the combustion chambers of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder.

The throttle valve comprises an adjustable part and a fixed part; the fixed part is provided with an air outlet, the adjustable part is provided with a shielding piece adaptive to the air outlet, the adjustable part is arranged on the fixed part, and when the shielding piece is adjusted to shield the area of the air outlet, the flow of the exhaust gas of the throttle valve is changed.

The piston of the first cylinder moves to a top dead center to form high-pressure air, the valve of the first cylinder is automatically lifted and opened under the action of the high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air enters the heat exchanger through the valve of the first cylinder.

The high-temperature high-pressure air enters the upper part of a combustion chamber of the second cylinder from an air passage of the second cylinder through an air distribution valve of the second cylinder; and the high-temperature and high-pressure air at the upper part enters a combustion chamber of the second cylinder through the throttle valve to be combusted, so that a piston of the second cylinder moves downwards to do work.

Wherein, still include, the camshaft; and when the camshaft rotates, the valve of the fourth cylinder is opened, so that the fourth cylinder discharges the exhaust gas of the previous stroke into the heat exchanger.

Wherein, also include, with the adaptive movable valve of the concave wheel shaft; and the action end of the movable valve is arranged in the air channel of the second cylinder.

When the running speed of the vehicle is lower than the critical speed, the concave wheel shaft moves downwards, the flow of the exhaust gas of the air throttle valve is reduced, and the torque is increased.

When the running speed of the vehicle is higher than the critical speed, the concave wheel shaft moves upwards, the flow of the air throttle discharging gas is increased, and the torque is reduced.

The engine of the invention has simple structure, automatic speed change function, and can save complex speed change structure, thereby improving the overall safety and stability of the vehicle. The oil consumption is relatively less when the engine runs at low speed. The high-speed running capability of the vehicle can be ensured while the low-speed running is ensured to be stable.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a basic schematic diagram;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the engine configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the heat exchanger portion of the engine of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the engine configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the heat exchanger portion of the engine of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the camshaft configuration change during shifting of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the adjustable portion of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a fixing portion of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The automobile engine is a machine which converts some form of energy into mechanical energy and outputs power to the outside, and the automobile is driven to run through a chassis.

The process of converting heat energy into mechanical energy by the engine comprises the steps of introducing air, introducing combustible mixed gas into the cylinder, compressing the combustible mixed gas entering the cylinder, igniting the combustible mixed gas when the compression is close to the end point, igniting and combusting the combustible mixed gas, expanding to push the piston to move downwards to realize external work, and finally discharging combusted waste gas to form a complete working cycle.

The crank connecting rod mechanism is used for converting the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft and outputting power to the outside.

The steam engine is synchronous with the wheels, and has large low-speed torque, good low-speed stability, poor high-speed performance and poor high-speed explosive force. The internal combustion engine has good high-speed performance and strong high-speed explosion, and has poor low-speed torque and poor low-speed stability. The scheme achieves the purpose of automatic speed change by absorbing the mutual conversion of two advantages of large low-speed torque, good low-speed stability and strong high-speed explosive force of the internal combustion engine.

The running speed of the vehicle is controlled by varying the moving speed of the piston by controlling the combustion speed of air. The current engine completes four strokes in the same cylinder, and can not complete true stratified combustion or linear combustion in the same cylinder due to the limitation of mixture. The working idea of gas fluidity of the gas turbine is introduced, namely, air is firstly sucked into an impeller of the gas compressor, compressed high-pressure air is combusted in a combustion chamber, and high-temperature high-pressure air pushes the impeller to work and then is discharged out of the gas turbine.

According to fig. 1, the X-axis is the piston stroke and the Y-axis is the vehicle travel speed. The point P is the critical speed, i.e. the initial speed at the highest gear of the manual gear or the automatic gear. The PL line is a fuel dropping line which refers to the time for ending combustion at different rotating speeds, and the faster the rotating speed is, the shorter the combustion time is, the slower the rotating speed is, the longer the combustion time is, namely a line formed by points corresponding to the combustion ending of the mixed gas corresponding to different vehicle speeds. The right side is a position relation diagram of four cylinders on a crankshaft.

The automatic speed changing engine with high running stability comprises four cylinders, and power continuity of the engine in low-speed running is ensured through the four cylinders. A first cylinder 1 and a third cylinder 3 for completing an intake stroke and a compression stroke, respectively, a second cylinder 2 and a fourth cylinder 4 for completing a power stroke and an exhaust stroke; said first cylinder 1 and said second cylinder 2 are a set of working cycles, said third cylinder 3 and said fourth cylinder 4 are a set of working cycles;

and a throttle valve 6 for controlling the gas flow entering the second cylinder 2 and the fourth cylinder 4 from a heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the combustion chamber of the second cylinder 2 and the combustion chamber of the fourth cylinder 4. The throttle valve can change the flow of air from the heat exchanger into the cylinder to change the combustion speed based on the engine speed, the average pressure in the heat exchanger, the amount of fuel supply, and sudden changes in the amount of fuel supply.

The throttle valve 6 comprises an adjustable part 601 and a fixed part 602; the fixing portion 602 is provided with an air outlet 603, the adjustable portion 601 is provided with a shielding piece 604 adapted to the air outlet 603, the adjustable portion 601 is mounted on the fixing portion 602, and when the shielding piece 604 is adjusted to shield the area of the air outlet 603, the flow rate of the exhaust gas of the throttle valve 6 is changed.

As shown in fig. 2-3 and 7-8, the piston 101 of the first cylinder 1 moves to the top dead center to compress air to form high-pressure air, and the valve 102 of the first cylinder 1 is automatically lifted and opened by the high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air enters the heat exchanger 5 through the valve 102 of the first cylinder 1.

The high-pressure air forms high-temperature high-pressure air through the heat exchanger 5, and the high-temperature high-pressure air enters from the air passage 201 of the second cylinder 2 to the upper part 204 of the combustion chamber 203 of the second cylinder 2 through the air distribution valve 202 of the second cylinder 2; the high-temperature and high-pressure air at the upper part 204 enters the combustion chamber 203 of the second cylinder 2 through the throttle valve 6, the high-temperature and high-pressure air entering the combustion chamber is mixed with fuel sprayed by an oil nozzle, and the mixture is ignited and combusted through a spark plug, so that the piston 205 of the second cylinder 2 moves downwards to do work, the reciprocating linear motion of the piston is converted into the rotary motion of a crankshaft by the crank-link mechanism 7, and power is output outwards.

Also included, is a camshaft 8; as the camshaft 8 rotates, the valve 401 of the fourth cylinder 4 is further opened, so that the fourth cylinder 4 discharges the exhaust gas of the previous stroke into the heat exchanger 5. The third cylinder then has an intake stroke and a compression stroke in sequence. The four cylinders are operated in sequence to complete the normal operation of the engine.

The movable valve 10 is matched with the concave wheel shaft 9; the acting end of the movable valve 10 is arranged in the air channel 201 of the second cylinder 2.

When the vehicle resistance is increased, such as when climbing a slope, under the condition that the oil supply amount is not changed, the engine speed is gradually reduced due to the increase of the resistance, and the oil supply amount is not reduced, under the action of the turbocharger, the air amount entering the first cylinder and the third cylinder is conversely increased because the air intake amount per unit time is not changed. When the running speed of the vehicle is lower than the critical speed, the resistance continues to increase.

As shown in fig. 4-6, the vehicle speed is reduced, the speed regulator drives the concave wheel shaft to move downwards, the movable valve controls the working formation of the fuel gas corresponding to the corresponding position of the concave wheel shaft, and under the combined action of the throttle valve controlling the expansion speed of the fuel gas, the lower the rotation speed of the engine, the longer the working stroke of the fuel gas and the larger the torque. In the prior art, when an automobile climbs a slope, a driver always increases an accelerator to actually reduce the speed passively. If the engine wants to initiatively decelerate, at this moment reduce the oil supply, engine speed can reduce gradually, the speed regulator drives the notch wheel axle to move downwards according to the rotational speed of engine equally, the lower the engine rotates, the longer the gas working stroke, the more stable the vehicle runs. On the contrary, if the oil supply quantity increasing air distribution valve receives feedback information, the rotating speed of the engine with the increased air supply quantity drives the concave wheel to move upwards so that the expansion speed of air in the cylinder is gradually shortened, and the explosive force is increased so as to improve the running speed of the vehicle. When the vehicle running speed is lower than the critical speed, as shown in fig. 4, the recessed wheel shaft 9 moves down, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas from the throttle valve 6 decreases, so that the torque increases. When the vehicle running speed is higher than the critical speed, the concave wheel shaft 9 moves upwards, the flow of the exhaust gas of the throttle valve 6 is increased, and the torque is reduced.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall cover the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic transmission engine with high operation stability, comprising four cylinders, a first cylinder and a third cylinder for completing an intake stroke and a compression stroke, respectively, a second cylinder and a fourth cylinder for completing a power stroke and an exhaust stroke; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are in a group of working cycles, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are in a group of working cycles;

the method is characterized in that: the combustion chambers of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are respectively provided with a throttle valve used for controlling the gas flow entering the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder from a heat exchanger; the movable valve is matched with the concave wheel shaft; the acting end of the movable valve is arranged in the air passage of the second cylinder; when the running speed of the vehicle is lower than the critical speed, the concave wheel shaft moves downwards, the flow of the gas discharged by the air throttle valve is reduced, and the torque is increased; when the running speed of the vehicle is higher than the critical speed, the concave wheel shaft moves upwards, the flow of the gas discharged by the air throttle valve is increased, and the torque is reduced; the up-and-down movement of the concave wheel shaft drives the movable valve to change the gas circulation of the gas passage and change the flow of the gas discharged by the throttle valve to realize automatic speed change.

2. The automatic transmission engine with high operational stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: the throttle valve comprises an adjustable part and a fixed part; the fixed part is provided with an air outlet, the adjustable part is provided with a shielding piece matched with the air outlet, the adjustable part is arranged on the fixed part, and when the shielding piece is adjusted to shield the area of the air outlet, the flow of the exhaust gas of the throttle valve is changed.

3. The automatic transmission engine with high operational stability according to claim 2, characterized in that: the piston of the first cylinder moves to a top dead center to form high-pressure air, the valve of the first cylinder is automatically lifted and opened under the action of the high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air enters the heat exchanger through the valve of the first cylinder.

4. The automatic transmission engine with high operational stability according to claim 3, characterized in that: the high-pressure air forms high-temperature high-pressure air through the heat exchanger, and the high-temperature high-pressure air enters the upper part of a combustion chamber of the second cylinder from an air passage of the second cylinder through a distributing valve of the second cylinder; and the high-temperature and high-pressure air positioned at the upper part enters the combustion chamber of the second cylinder through the throttle valve to be combusted, so that the piston of the second cylinder moves downwards to do work.

5. The automatic transmission engine with high operational stability according to claim 4, characterized in that: also comprises a camshaft; and when the camshaft rotates, the valve of the fourth cylinder is opened, so that the fourth cylinder discharges the exhaust gas of the previous stroke into the heat exchanger.