CN113182530A - Additive manufacturing method of magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method of magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182530A CN113182530A CN202110493536.1A CN202110493536A CN113182530A CN 113182530 A CN113182530 A CN 113182530A CN 202110493536 A CN202110493536 A CN 202110493536A CN 113182530 A CN113182530 A CN 113182530A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/001—Continuous growth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/003—Heating or cooling of the melt or the crystallised material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种镁合金定向凝固晶或单晶的增材制造方法，该方法采用电子束熔丝增材制造技术，包括：金属基板，设置在电子束熔丝增材制造设备真空工作腔内，所述金属基板上固定有镁合金单晶籽晶，所述镁合金单晶籽晶与熔化后所述镁合金丝材结合形成镁合金定向凝固晶或单晶。本发明可大幅度缩短镁合金定向凝固晶或单晶的制造周期，降低生产成本、提高材料利用率；同时，有效解决了镁合金易燃易爆的问题。
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing method for directional solidification crystals or single crystals of magnesium alloys. The method adopts an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology, comprising: a metal substrate arranged in a vacuum working chamber of an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment Inside, a magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal is fixed on the metal substrate, and the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal is combined with the magnesium alloy wire after melting to form a magnesium alloy directional solidification crystal or single crystal. The invention can greatly shorten the manufacturing period of the magnesium alloy directional solidification crystal or single crystal, reduce the production cost and improve the material utilization rate; meanwhile, the problem of the magnesium alloy being inflammable and explosive is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method of magnesium alloy directional solidified crystals or single crystals.
Background
The magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, biodegradability and the like, is gradually developed into a modern important light structural material, and has important application value in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, biomedical treatment and the like. However, most magnesium alloys belong to a close-packed Hexagonal (HCP) structure at room temperature, plastic deformation at room temperature is limited to {0002} <11-20> basal plane slip and {10-12} <10-11> twinning, so that the plastic deformation capability of the magnesium alloys is poor, and the research on the deformation behavior by utilizing the directional solidification crystal or single crystal of the magnesium alloys has important value for disclosing the deformation mechanism and further improving the processing performance of the magnesium alloys.
At present, most of preparation methods for magnesium alloy directional solidification crystals or single crystals adopt a casting mode, and have the problems of long period, need of manufacturing a mold shell and mold shell pollution. As a rapid manufacturing technique, additive manufacturing techniques are rarely mentioned in the field of preparing directionally solidified crystals or single crystals of magnesium alloys. Magnesium alloy additive manufacturing related research mainly aims at a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, and magnesium alloy has high reflectivity to laser, so that the energy utilization rate of an additive manufacturing mode using laser as a heat source is low, and the SLM technology is difficult to prepare the magnesium alloy due to the defects of high preparation cost, flammability, explosiveness and the like of magnesium alloy powder.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for additive manufacturing of directionally solidified magnesium alloy crystals or single crystals, which can rapidly and freely form magnesium alloy with directionally grown columnar crystals or single crystal structure characteristics, and avoid the burning phenomenon that may occur in the additive manufacturing process of magnesium alloy.
An additive manufacturing method of magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a three-dimensional solid model of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal;
s2, slicing the three-dimensional solid model of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal, and introducing the sliced three-dimensional solid model into a control system of electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment;
s3, preparing a magnesium alloy wire, a magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal and a magnesium alloy substrate,
s4, fixing the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal on a magnesium alloy substrate, wherein the magnesium alloy substrate is arranged in a vacuum working cavity;
s5, setting the process parameters of additive manufacturing;
s6, adjusting the focal position of electron beam current in the electron beam emission unit to ensure that the upper half part of the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal is melted and combined with the magnesium alloy wire to form magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal;
and S7, finishing the manufacture of the magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal, and cooling the magnesium alloy substrate by the cooling liquid in the circulating water cooling unit in the process.
In one embodiment, the step S7 is followed by the steps of:
s8, cutting the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal to obtain magnesium alloy single crystal large seed crystals;
and S9, arranging the large magnesium alloy single crystal seeds serving as seed crystals according to actual shape requirements, welding the seed crystals on the magnesium alloy substrate, redesigning a solid model, and repeating the steps S5-S7 to finish the additive manufacturing of the large-size directional solidified magnesium alloy crystals or single crystals.
In one embodiment, in step S5, the additive manufacturing process parameters include: including electron beam power, wire feed rate, substrate movement rate, print layer thickness, and interlayer dwell time.
In one embodiment, in step S7, the step of producing the directionally solidified crystal or single crystal of the magnesium alloy includes:
vacuumizing the vacuum working cavity, starting electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing equipment and a circulating water cooling unit, feeding a magnesium alloy wire to a focus of electron beam current, melting and combining the upper half part of the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal and the magnesium alloy wire, directionally solidifying and growing the molten magnesium alloy wire on the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal in an epitaxial growth mode, and simultaneously, stacking the magnesium alloy wire layer by layer according to a preset shape by the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing equipment to finish manufacturing of the magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal.
The additive manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal has the advantages that:
1) the process of preparing the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal does not need a die, can be freely formed, and can greatly shorten the manufacturing period of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal, reduce the production cost and improve the material utilization rate;
2) the magnesium alloy wire is rapidly melted and solidified by using the electron beam, a higher temperature gradient can be generated on a solid-liquid interface of the magnesium alloy, and the directional growth of a magnesium alloy crystal is facilitated, so that a directionally-grown columnar crystal or single crystal is prepared;
3) the preparation of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal component is carried out in the vacuum environment, the magnesium alloy can be effectively prevented from being polluted by gas, and meanwhile, the problem that the magnesium alloy is flammable and explosive is effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an additive manufacturing apparatus for directionally solidifying crystals or single crystals of a magnesium alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a large seed crystal of a magnesium alloy single crystal of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the large scale directionally solidified crystal or single crystal additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for additive manufacturing of a magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal, which is implemented by using an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing apparatus 2, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a vacuum working cavity 1, an electron beam emission unit 2, a magnesium alloy wire 3, an electron beam 4, magnesium alloy directional solidified crystals or single crystals 5, magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystals 6 and a magnesium alloy substrate 7.
The vacuum working cavity 1 can provide a vacuum environment, so that the magnesium alloy can be effectively prevented from being polluted by gas, and meanwhile, the problems of flammability and explosiveness of the magnesium alloy are effectively solved.
The electron beam emission unit 2 is arranged in the vacuum working cavity 1, the electron beam emission unit 2 can send out magnesium alloy wires 3, the electron beam emission unit 2 can send out electron beam 4, and the electron beam 4 can melt the magnesium alloy wires 3; in the embodiment, the manufacturing process is in a vacuum environment, and the electron beam current 4 can surround the magnesium alloy wire 3 in all directions, so that the melting uniformity of the magnesium alloy wire 3 can be improved; and the heat source power of the electron beam current 4 is set according to the magnesium alloy wire 3, and a larger temperature gradient is provided as much as possible, so that the directional growth of crystal grains is facilitated. Meanwhile, the wire feeding speed of the magnesium alloy wire 3 and the moving speed of the magnesium alloy substrate 7 are set to be proper, the temperature gradient of lateral heat dissipation is reduced as much as possible, and the change of the grain orientation is avoided. Preferably, the appropriate interlayer residence time can be set according to the heat source power of the electron beam current 4, and a larger temperature gradient can be provided as far as possible.
The magnesium alloy substrate 7 is arranged in the vacuum working cavity 1, a magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 is fixed on the magnesium alloy substrate 7, and the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 is combined with the melted magnesium alloy wire 3 to form a magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5. In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 and the magnesium alloy substrate 7 are connected by welding.
Optionally, in the electron beam emission unit 2, the magnesium alloy wire 3 is disposed perpendicular to the magnesium alloy substrate 7. Therefore, the magnesium alloy wire 3 after being melted can be conveniently and accurately bonded to the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6, and the manufacturing precision of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5 shape is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus further includes a circulating water cooling unit 8, and the circulating water cooling unit 8 can cool the magnesium alloy substrate 7. The bottom of the magnesium alloy substrate 7 is cooled by the cooling liquid of the circulating water cooling unit 8, and the directional heat flow direction is ensured, so that the temperature gradient between the magnesium alloy substrate 7 and the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5 can be ensured.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for directionally solidified crystals or single crystals of magnesium alloys, which includes the following steps:
s1, designing a three-dimensional solid model of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5;
s2, slicing the three-dimensional solid model of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5, and introducing the sliced three-dimensional solid model into a control system of the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment 2;
s3, preparing a magnesium alloy wire 3, a magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 and a magnesium alloy substrate 7;
s4, fixing the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 on the magnesium alloy substrate 7; for example: welding the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 selected to be oriented at the center of the magnesium alloy substrate 7, wherein the magnesium alloy substrate 7 is arranged in the vacuum working cavity 1;
s5, designing the process parameters of additive manufacturing; in this embodiment, the additive manufacturing process parameters include: including electron beam power, wire feed rate, substrate movement rate, print layer thickness, interlayer dwell time, etc., to ensure that optimum temperature gradient and solidification speed matching is provided;
s6, adjusting the focal position of an electron beam current 4 in the electron beam emission unit 2 to ensure that the upper half part of the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 is melted and combined with the magnesium alloy wire 3 to form a magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal 5;
s7, finishing the manufacture of the magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal 5 or the magnesium alloy single crystal, specifically, vacuumizing a vacuum working cavity 1, starting an electron beam emission unit 2 and a circulating water cooling unit 8, sending a magnesium alloy wire 3 to a focus of an electron beam 4, melting and combining the upper half part of the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 and the magnesium alloy wire 3, directionally solidifying and growing the molten magnesium alloy wire 3 on the magnesium alloy single crystal seed crystal 6 in an epitaxial growth mode, and simultaneously, stacking the magnesium alloy wire 3 layer by the electron beam emission unit 2 according to a preset shape to finish the manufacture of the magnesium alloy directionally solidified crystal or single crystal 5. In the process, the cooling liquid in the circulating water cooling unit 8 flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top, and the circulating cooling liquid cools the magnesium alloy substrate 7 so as to ensure the temperature gradient of directional solidification of the magnesium alloy.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the invention, the step S7 is followed by the step of:
s8, cutting the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal 5 to obtain a magnesium alloy single crystal large seed crystal 9;
s9, arranging the magnesium alloy single crystal large seed crystals 9 serving as seed crystals according to actual shape requirements, welding the seed crystals on the magnesium alloy substrate 7, redesigning a solid model, and repeating the steps S5-S7 to finish the material increase manufacturing of the large-size magnesium alloy directional solidified crystals or single crystals 5.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the process of the prepared magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal does not need a die, can be freely formed, and can greatly shorten the manufacturing period of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal, reduce the production cost and improve the material utilization rate;
2) the magnesium alloy wire is rapidly melted and solidified by using the electron beam, a higher temperature gradient can be generated on a solid-liquid interface of the magnesium alloy, and the directional growth of a magnesium alloy crystal is facilitated, so that a directionally-grown columnar crystal or single crystal is prepared;
3) the preparation of the magnesium alloy directional solidified crystal or single crystal component is carried out in the vacuum environment, the magnesium alloy can be effectively prevented from being polluted by gas, and meanwhile, the problem that the magnesium alloy is flammable and explosive is effectively solved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-described examples merely represent several embodiments of the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
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