CN113180155A

CN113180155A - Probiotic milk powder for calves and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113180155A
Application number: CN202110522868.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 季彬; 彭轶楠; 叶泽; 王治业; 祁宏山; 席鹏
Original assignee: Institute of Biology of Gansu Academy of Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Biology of Gansu Academy of Sciences
Priority date: 2021-05-13
Filing date: 2021-05-13
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Also published as: ZA202200872B

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of milk replacer, and provides probiotic milk replacer for calves, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 33-37% of whole milk powder, 18-22% of bean flour, 3-7% of corn flour, 10-14% of bran fine powder, 8-12% of wheat germ powder, 8-12% of rice flour, 0.1-0.4% of compound vitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch. The invention also provides a preparation method of the probiotic milk powder for calves. According to the invention, probiotics are added to replace antibiotics to prevent calf diarrhea, so that the problems of screening and residue of the antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria are reduced.

Description

Probiotic milk powder for calves and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of milk powder substitutes, and particularly relates to probiotic milk powder for calves and a preparation method thereof.

Background

After the calves are born, the nutrition is taken mainly through breast milk, the breast milk contains calcium and phosphorus necessary for the growth and development of the calves and immune globulin for resisting diseases, and the breast milk is the safest, most natural and most complete food for the calves. However, in the production practice, the calf is suffered from diarrhea symptoms due to the influences of improper feeding (feeding of colostrum and normal milk, etc.), environmental changes (cold and heat stress), infectious factors and interaction thereof, and the calf diarrhea is one of the main causes of early calf death and directly influences the pasture economy.

At present, the main treatment means of diarrhea is to use beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfonamides, but the long-term use of antibiotics in pastures can cause a large amount of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria to grow, and the antibiotics can destroy the whole intestinal flora structure of animals, so that the immunity of calves is reduced, the production performance is reduced, and meanwhile, the antibiotics in cow dung enter the environment to screen bacteria in the environment and destroy the ecological environment system.

In order to solve the contradiction between the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea and the reduction of the use of antibiotics, a new antibacterial method needs to be found urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide probiotic milk powder for calves, aiming at solving the contradiction between the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea and the reduction of the use of antibiotics.

The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 33-37% of whole milk powder, 18-22% of bean flour, 3-7% of corn flour, 10-14% of bran fine powder, 8-12% of wheat germ powder, 8-12% of rice flour, 0.1-0.4% of compound vitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a probiotic milk powder for calves, which comprises the following steps:

1) screening probiotics:

1. collecting natural fermented milk, pickle, sour porridge, slurry, sour dough, silage and the like from northwest China, and strictly recording sample sources;

2. separating probiotics such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and the like under the standing or anaerobic condition;

3. pure culture is carried out on the separated strains, PCR is carried out on 16s and 18s of the strains, samples are sent to a sequencing company, sequencing results are compared in NCBI Blast, and the strain types are identified;

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

2) preparing milk powder substitute: weighing whole milk powder, bean powder, corn powder, bran fine powder, wheat germ powder, rice powder, compound vitamin, probiotics and starch, and mixing to obtain the probiotic milk substitute powder for calves.

According to the probiotic milk powder for calves, provided by the embodiment of the invention, antibiotics are replaced by different lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and bacillus subtilis in proportion to prevent calves from diarrhea, and the problems of screening and residue of the antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria are reduced.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

The probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 33% of whole milk powder, 18% of bean flour, 3% of corn flour, 10% of bran fine powder, 8% of wheat germ powder, 8% of rice flour, 0.1% of vitamin complex, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

The probiotics is prepared by compounding lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is GSICC No: 30234, the preservation number of the brewing fungi is GSICC No: 51913, it is collected in the Ministry of Gansu province of China center for the preservation and management of industrial microorganism strains, and depends on the institute of biological research of the academy of sciences of Gansu province.

The lactic acid bacteria consist of: the fermentation type lactobacillus, the preservation number is GSICC No: 31249. the fermentation type lactobacillus, the preservation number is GSICC No: 31250 and Lactobacillus acidophilus, accession number GSICC No: 31251 the preparation is prepared by mixing the following components in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.

the compounding proportion of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in the probiotics is 1: 1: 1.

in the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following steps:

1) screening probiotics:

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

Example 2

The probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 34% of whole milk powder, 19% of bean flour, 4% of corn flour, 11% of bran fine powder, 9% of wheat germ powder, 9% of rice flour, 0.15% of multivitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

the compounding proportion of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in the probiotics is 1: 1.5: 2.

1) screening probiotics:

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

Example 3

The probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35% of whole milk powder, 20% of bean flour, 5% of corn flour, 12% of bran fine powder, 10% of wheat germ powder, 10% of rice flour, 0.2% of multivitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

1) screening probiotics:

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

Example 4

The probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 36% of whole milk powder, 21% of bean flour, 6% of corn flour, 13% of bran fine powder, 11% of wheat germ powder, 11% of rice flour, 0.3% of multivitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

the compounding proportion of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in the probiotics is 1: 1.5: 1.

1) screening probiotics:

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

Example 5

The probiotic milk powder for calves comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 37% of whole milk powder, 22% of bean flour, 7% of corn flour, 14% of bran fine powder, 12% of wheat germ powder, 12% of rice flour, 0.4% of multivitamin, 2% of probiotics and the balance of starch.

the compounding proportion of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in the probiotics is 1: 1: 2.

1) screening probiotics:

4. storing the strain resources to a strain bank;

Test effect verification:

1. test animals: the method comprises the steps of selecting 20 healthy calves with similar birth date and weight and 7 days after delivery, completely randomly grouping, wherein each test comprises 5 calves in 4 groups, and the feeding environment is consistent after the test is carried out for 60 days.

2. And (3) probiotics: the lactobacillus, the bacillus subtilis and the microzyme which have stronger pathogenic bacteria resistance, good acid production effect, more extracellular polysaccharide production and good carbohydrate catabolic enzyme production are selected.

3. Preparation of probiotics: supplying calf with 800g milk powder each day, feeding in 3 times at a dilution ratio of 1000ml water +180g milk powder, and feeding calf with 8 × 10⁹～4×10¹⁰The viable count of CFU was about 1X 10 per 1ml of the culture medium⁹The number of the CFU viable bacteria is 8-40 ml of bacterial liquid required to be taken by each calf every day.

4. And (3) test animal milk substitute material and feeding management: the test young stock is fed with colostrum for 3 days, and the ratio of the breast milk to the milk substitute is 80 from the fourth day: 20, 50: 50, 20: 80, changing the materials into milk substitute materials on the seventh day, and entering the test period.

5. Design of a test group: see the following table for details:

experimental animal grouping table

Wherein the basic milk powder is prepared by mixing the other raw materials of which the probiotics are removed in the embodiment 3.

6. Measurement indexes are as follows:

1) weighing on an empty stomach in the morning of the start and end of the test, measuring body ruler indexes, observing calf feces when the calf is fed every day, and recording diarrhea according to the following standard.

Diarrhea frequency (%) ═ Σ (number of heads of diarrhea x days of diarrhea)/(number of heads of test x days of formal phase) × 100; stool index-sum of stool scores/total head number

The feces of each young animal is scored every day in the test period, when the feces score is more than 2, the young animal is marked as diarrhea day, and when the feces score is 4, the young animal is treated once every day according to the treatment scheme.

Scoring criteria: 1 minute: normal, bar or granular; and 2, dividing: mild and soft feces, and can be formed; and 3, dividing: moderate, thick and unshaped, and no separation of liquid dung; and 4, dividing: seriously, the liquid state is not formed, and the liquid dung is separated.

2) The test results are detailed in the following table:

group of	Scoring
		Control group 1	3
Control group 2	3
		Control group 3	2
Test group 1	2
		Test group 2	1
Test group 3	1

From the above results, it can be seen that the calf fed with the milk replacer added with probiotics can reduce the incidence rate of diarrhea, wherein the compounding ratio of the probiotics is 1: 1.5: 2 and 1.5: 1.5: 2 is most preferred.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A probiotic milk replacer powder for calves, characterized in that it comprises the following raw materials by weight: whole milk powder 33-37%, soybean flour 18-22%, corn flour 3-7%, bran powder 10-14%, wheat germ powder 8-12%, rice flour 8-12%, multivitamins 0.1-0.4%, probiotics 2%, and the rest is starch.

2. The probiotic milk replacer powder for calves according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following raw materials by weight: whole milk powder 34-36%, soybean meal 19-21%, corn meal 4-6% , Bran refined powder 11-13%, wheat germ powder 9-11%, rice flour 9-11%, multivitamin 0.15-0.3%, probiotics 2%, and the rest is starch.

3. The probiotic milk replacer powder for calves according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the following raw materials by weight: 35% of whole milk powder, 20% of soybean flour, 5% of corn flour, and 12% of fine bran powder. %, wheat germ powder 10%, rice flour 10%, multivitamins 0.2%, probiotics 2%, and the rest is starch.

4. probiotic milk replacer powder for calf according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described probiotic is compounded by lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and yeast, wherein bacillus subtilis preservation number is GSICC No: 30234, the collection number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is GSICC No: 51913, which is preserved in the Gansu Branch Center of China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection and Management Center, relying on the Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences.

5. probiotic milk replacer powder for calf according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described lactic acid bacteria is: fermented Lactobacillus, preservation number is GSICC No: 31249, fermented Lactobacillus, preservation number is GSICC No : 31250 and Lactobacillus acidophilus, the preservation number is GSICC No: 31251, which is preserved in the Gansu Branch of China Industrial Microorganisms Collection and Management Center, relying on the Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, and its compounding ratio is 1: 1:1.

6. probiotic milk replacer powder for calf according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described probiotic, the compounding ratio of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and yeast is (1-1.5): (1:1.5) ): (1-2).

7. a preparation method of probiotic milk replacer powder for calf as described in any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, step is as follows:

1) Screening of probiotics:

1. Collect naturally fermented milk, kimchi, sour porridge, slurry water, sour dough, silage, etc. from Northwest China, and strictly record the source of the samples;

2. Separate probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis under static or anaerobic conditions;

3. Purify the isolated strains, perform PCR on the 16s and 18s of the strains, send the samples to a sequencing company, and compare the sequencing results in NCBIBlast to identify the strain types;

4. Save the strain resources to the strain bank;

2) Preparation of milk substitute powder: Weigh whole milk powder, soybean flour, corn flour, bran powder, wheat germ powder, rice flour, multivitamins, probiotics and starch and mix to obtain the probiotics for calves milk replacer.