CN113170621B - Comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facility soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facility soil, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. The soil treatment method comprises the steps of ditching, film mulching and cultivating of previous crops, channel flushing, surface soil fumigation and surface soil accumulation treatment, and then the treated soil is scattered back to the field to modify other soil. The soil treatment method can obviously improve the physicochemical property of facility soil and improve the yield of facility crops. The invention has the advantages of convenient operation, strong applicability and easy popularization.

Description

A comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facility soil

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, in particular to a comprehensive treatment method for soil in continuous cropping saline facilities.

Background technique

Facility soil (protected land soil) refers to the assembly of soil in transit for horticultural facilities such as glass greenhouses, solar greenhouses, and plastic greenhouses. Facility cultivation is an important part of facility agriculture. Facility agriculture is the most effective technical measure to utilize soil resources and improve the multiple cropping index in middle and high latitudes and altitudes. It is an extremely important cultivation method in fruit and vegetable production.

Due to long-term intensive cultivation, the soil salinity is too high and the microbial flora is unbalanced, which greatly reduces the production capacity of the facility soil. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the saline facility soil caused by continuous cropping.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facility soil, which can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of facility soil and increase the yield of facility crops. The treatment method of the invention is to use the treated facility soil to improve other soils, which is convenient to operate, strong in applicability and easy to popularize.

The comprehensive treatment method of continuous cropping saline facility soil of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Ditching and film-mulching cultivation of previous crops: Cover the previous crops with film, and open a trench with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm on both sides of the film, and then perform drip irrigation. The irrigation amount is 6 mm/time, each time lasts for 12 hours;

(2) Flush the ditch: After the crops are planted, flush the ditch with 4L/s water to remove the salt through surface drainage;

(3) Fumigation of topsoil during the leisure period: use a fumigation machine to fumigate the facility soil treated in step (2), the fumigation temperature is 90°C, and the fumigation time is 3 hours.

(4) Topsoil accumulation treatment: scoop up and pile up the soil 10cm topsoil after step (3) treatment, adopt the mode of mixed fermentation to replenish soil beneficial microorganisms;

(5) Sowing back to the field: the soil treated in step (4) was scattered into the field three times during the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage of the subsequent crops, wherein the proportions were 20wt%, 40wt%, and 40wt% respectively.

Preferably, the step (1) of the present invention is to move the salt in the soil from the film to the edge of the film under the drip irrigation of the film, and drive the soil salt to the edge of the film, that is, the channel.

Preferably, the number of washings described in step (2) of the present invention is 2-4 times.

Preferably, the step (4) of the present invention is to mix the surface soil with plant ash, oyster mushroom residue, detoxified chicken manure, and crushed corn stalks according to the mass ratio of 100:15:15:15:32, and apply the EM effective microbial stock solution, The mass ratio of the mixture to the effective microbial stock solution of EM is 800:1. After mixing evenly, water is added for stacking and fermentation. The volume moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 55%-70%, the fermentation temperature is lower than 50°C, and the fermentation time is 30-70 days. For example, fermentation is carried out in spring and summer, and the fermentation time is 30-45 days, and fermentation is carried out in autumn and winter, and the fermentation time is 55-70 days.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention is to carry out ditching and film-covering cultivation, flushing of ditches, topsoil fumigation, and topsoil accumulation to the soil of continuous cropping saline facilities, and then scatter the treated soil back to the field to modify other soils;

(2) The soil treatment method of the present invention can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of facility soil, and increase the output of facility crops;

(3) The method of the present invention is convenient to operate, has strong applicability and is easy to popularize.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

The invention provides a method for comprehensive treatment of soil in continuous cropping saline facilities, which is used to comprehensively control soil in continuous cropping saline facilities in Dongtai coastal test base, Jiangsu. The soil has been continuously cropped for 7 years, resulting in serious continuous cropping obstacles and salinization. The facility crop is tomato (Yingshi Dahong). The specific governance methods are as follows:

(1) Ditching and film-mulching cultivation of previous crops: Cover the previous crops with film, and open a trench with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm on both sides of the film, and then perform drip irrigation. The irrigation amount is 6 mm/time, each time Lasting for 12 hours, this step is to move the salt in the soil from the film to the edge of the film under the drip irrigation of the film, and drive the soil salt to the edge of the film, that is, the channel;

(2) Flush the ditch: After the crops are planted, flush the ditch with 4L/s water to remove the salt through surface drainage, and rinse 3 times;

(3) Fumigation of topsoil during the leisure period: use a fumigation machine to fumigate the facility soil treated in step (2), the fumigation temperature is 90°C, and the fumigation time is 3 hours.

(4) Topsoil accumulation treatment: scoop up and pile up the 10cm surface soil treated in step (3), and supplement the beneficial microorganisms in the soil by means of mixed fermentation. The feces and crushed corn stalks were mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 100:15:15:15:32, and the EM effective microbial stock solution was applied. The mass ratio of the mixture to the EM effective microbial stock solution was 800:1. After the mixture was uniform, water was added for stacking and fermentation ( The fermentation season is autumn, the average temperature is 15°C), the volume moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 60%, the fermentation temperature is lower than 50°C, and the fermentation time is 50 days;

(5) Sowing back to the field: the soil treated in step (4) was scattered into the field three times during the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage of the subsequent crops, wherein the proportions were 20wt%, 40wt%, and 40wt% respectively.

Comparative example 1

A method for comprehensive treatment of continuous cropping saline facility soil, the steps are as follows:

(1) Ditching and film-mulching cultivation of previous crops: Cover the previous crops with film, and open a trench with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm on both sides of the film, and then perform drip irrigation. The irrigation amount is 6 mm/time, each time Lasting for 12 hours, this step is to move the salt in the soil from the film to the edge of the film under the drip irrigation of the film, and drive the soil salt to the edge of the film, that is, the channel;

(2) Flush the ditch: After the crops are planted, flush the ditch with 4L/s water to remove the salt through surface drainage, and rinse 3 times;

(3) Fumigation of topsoil during the leisure period: use a fumigation machine to fumigate the facility soil treated in step (2), the fumigation temperature is 90°C, and the fumigation time is 3 hours.

The physical and chemical properties of the soil treated in Example 1 (T2), the soil treated in Comparative Example 1 (T1) and the untreated facility soil (CK) were detected, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Planting test:

The soil of T1, T2 and CK facilities was used to plant tomatoes in conventional planting methods, and the yields of tomatoes were counted respectively, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2

deal with Yield(kg/ha) CK 94b T1 101b T2 136a

Note: Different letters after the values in the table indicate significant difference (LSD) at the 0.05 level.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facilities soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Ditching and mulching cultivation of previous crops: coating film on the previous crops, respectively forming a channel with the depth of 20cm and the width of 15cm on the two sides of the film, and then carrying out drip irrigation with the irrigation quantity of 6 mm/time, wherein each time lasts for 12 hours;

(2) And (3) flushing the channel: after the crops are planted, washing the channel with 4L/s water, and removing salt in a surface water drainage mode;

(3) Surface soil fumigation in the leisure period: fumigating the facility soil treated in the step (2) by a fumigating machine, wherein the fumigating temperature is 90 ℃, the fumigating time is 3 hours, and then carrying out greenhouse closing treatment, and the greenhouse closing time is 7 days;

(4) Surface soil accumulation treatment: shoveling and stacking the 10cm surface soil of the soil treated in the step (3), and supplementing beneficial microorganisms to the soil by adopting a mixed fermentation mode;

(5) And (5) sprinkling back to the field: spreading the soil treated in the step (4) into the field for three times in the seedling stage, the vegetative growth stage and the reproductive growth stage of the succeeding crops, wherein the proportion is 20wt%, 40wt% and 40wt% respectively;

uniformly mixing surface soil, plant ash, oyster mushroom fungus residues, detoxified chicken manure and crushed corn straws according to a mass ratio of 100 to 15, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the effective EM microorganism stock solution is 800.

2. The method for comprehensively treating soil of the continuous cropping salinization facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (1) is to drive the salt in the soil to the membrane edge, namely the ditch, according to the principle that the salt in the soil is transported from the membrane to the membrane edge under the film-covered drip irrigation.

3. The comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline soil facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of times of washing in step (2) is 2-4 times.

4. The comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping saline facility soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation time in step (4) is 30-45 days in spring and summer and 55-70 days in autumn and winter.