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CN113146370A - One-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment and operation method - Google Patents

One-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment and operation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113146370A
CN113146370A CN202110395336.2A CN202110395336A CN113146370A CN 113146370 A CN113146370 A CN 113146370A CN 202110395336 A CN202110395336 A CN 202110395336A CN 113146370 A CN113146370 A CN 113146370A
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ultrasonic
workpiece
vibration
grinding equipment
extension rod
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CN113146370B (en
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丁文锋
曹洋
黄强
邱雨桐
徐九华
傅玉灿
苏宏华
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses one-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment and an operation method, and belongs to the field of ultrasonic auxiliary machining in composite machining. The two clamping and fixing components of the device clamp two ends of a workpiece, an ultrasonic transducer is connected with one clamping and fixing component through a stud, the clamping and fixing component connected with the ultrasonic transducer transmits ultrasonic vibration, two ends of an extension rod of the clamping and fixing component are respectively connected with the ultrasonic transducer and a double-wing-shaped clamp, and the extension rod is clamped between an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate and is fixed on a machining platform of a machine tool. The clamping point is located at the vibration node. Under the working state, the double-wing gradual change structure of the double-wing clamp greatly inhibits the ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece in the non-processing direction, so that the workpiece generates unidirectional vibration; the machining requirements of workpieces with different lengths can be met; the four-side processing of the workpiece can be realized without disassembling the whole ultrasonic auxiliary forming and grinding equipment.

Description

One-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment and operation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing, and particularly relates to unidirectional ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing equipment for forming grinding.
Background
In recent years, due to the increasing range and number of advanced material components (such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, carbon fiber reinforced composite material, zirconia bioceramic, silicon carbide semiconductor) with high hardness, high wear resistance and high temperature resistance in the modern industry, the high efficiency and high quality processing of the advanced material components becomes one of the problems to be solved in the modern manufacturing industry. The ultrasonic-assisted machining has the advantages of reducing cutting force, reducing cutting heat, improving the surface quality of a workpiece, prolonging the service life of a cutter and the like, so that the method for effectively improving the machining quality of parts made of advanced materials has a good development prospect.
Ultrasonic machining can be divided into cutter realization ultrasonic vibration and workpiece realization ultrasonic vibration according to the different ultrasonic vibration action positions. Currently, there are some problems with implementing ultrasonic vibration with a tool: the structure of the cutter is complex, so that the overall rigidity and stability of the equipment are weak; when the cutter is positioned on the machine tool spindle, the machine tool spindle needs to be modified, and the rotation precision of the spindle is greatly influenced. For forming grinding, when one-way ultrasonic vibration is directly acted on a workpiece through a horn, the workpiece generates two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration to influence the one-way forming grinding; the formed grinding wheel is easy to interfere with the amplitude transformer and damage the ultrasonic auxiliary processing equipment. Therefore, the one-way ultrasonic vibration auxiliary forming grinding equipment acting on the workpiece is designed to realize the ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding of advanced material parts. The invention patent with the publication number of CN110899077A, which was previously applied by the inventor, discloses a one-way ultrasonic vibration platform for processing large parts based on two-dimensional vibration and an operation method thereof, wherein fixed support legs are fixed at the same wave node points on the front surface and the back surface of the two-dimensional porous ultrasonic vibration platform in two groups, and an ultrasonic transducer is connected to the central axis position of one side surface of the two-dimensional porous ultrasonic vibration platform. The ultrasonic transducer drives the two-dimensional porous ultrasonic vibration platform to generate coupling vibration with one full wavelength in the longitudinal direction and three half wavelengths in the transverse direction, the coupling vibration forms single longitudinal vibration in the center of the platform, and the area of a central longitudinal vibration area is enlarged through the coupling vibration; threaded holes and grooves which are uniformly distributed exist on the two-dimensional porous ultrasonic vibration platform and are used for isolating transverse vibration and increasing longitudinal vibration amplitude. The ultrasonic grinding machine has the advantages of simple structure and good working stability, and realizes the ultrasonic grinding processing of large parts through the coupling of two-dimensional waves. The patent application with publication number CN102806361A discloses a turning method with ultrasonic preposed unidirectional vibration, in which one end of an amplitude transformer acts on a tool bar of a turning tool, the position of the amplitude transformer acting on the turning tool is between the tool tip of the turning tool and a tool rest on which the turning tool is mounted, the amplitude transformer is not tightly connected with the tool bar of the turning tool but only contacted, the other end of the amplitude transformer is connected with a transducer, the transducer is electrically connected with an ultrasonic generator, a pressure is applied to the amplitude transformer, the amplitude transformer is always contacted with the tool bar of the turning tool by the pressure in the turning process, the ultrasonic generator is started, the transducer converts an electric oscillation signal into ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration, the ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration of the transducer is amplified by the amplitude transformer and then transmitted to the turning tool, and no matter what kind of change occurs in turning parameters, the stable output of ultrasonic energy cannot be directly influenced. And stable ultrasonic energy output enables the turning tool cutter bar to obtain stable vibration force, and the vibration stability and the vibration turning effect of the tool tip of the turning tool are guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that in the prior art, when the vibration ultrasonic auxiliary processing of a workpiece directly acts on the forming grinding, the workpiece generates two-dimensional vibration to influence the forming grinding; the invention aims to solve the problems that a forming grinding wheel is easy to interfere with a variable amplitude rod and damage ultrasonic vibration auxiliary forming grinding equipment, and the unidirectional ultrasonic vibration auxiliary forming grinding equipment and the operation method thereof are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the one-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming and grinding equipment comprises two clamping and fixing parts, a workpiece and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the two clamping and fixing parts clamp and fix two ends of the workpiece, the ultrasonic transducer is connected with one clamping and fixing part through a double-end stud, and the clamping and fixing part connected with the ultrasonic transducer transmits ultrasonic vibration.
The clamping and fixing component consists of a double-wing-shaped clamp, an upper clamping plate, an upper support leg, an extension rod, a lower clamping plate and a lower support leg, wherein two ends of the extension rod are respectively connected with the ultrasonic transducer and the double-wing-shaped clamp through a stud, the extension rod is fixed in a circular hole formed by splicing the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate through an inner hexagon screw, and the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and forming grinding equipment is fixed on a machining platform of a machine tool through the upper support leg and the lower support leg. The clamping points of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are positioned at the vibration nodes of the extension rod of the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and forming grinding equipment, and the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are respectively fixed with the upper supporting leg and the lower supporting leg through studs.
The ultrasonic transducer is of a sandwich structure and comprises a stud, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, piezoelectric ceramics, a rear cover plate and a pre-tightening bolt, wherein the pre-tightening bolt is used for tightly pressing the rear cover plate, the piezoelectric ceramics and the amplitude transformer, the front end of the piezoelectric ceramics is connected with the conical ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the stud is arranged at the front end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer and used for being connected with a clamping and fixing component.
The double-wing-shaped clamp is a square clamp with threaded holes on two wings, the two wings are of a right-angled trapezoid structure, and the double-wing gradual change structure can greatly inhibit ultrasonic vibration of a workpiece generated in the Y direction, so that the workpiece mainly generates unidirectional ultrasonic vibration in the X direction (forming grinding feeding direction); the workpiece is better clamped, ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece, and interference with the grinding wheel in the forming and grinding process is prevented.
The extension rod is a cylinder with threaded holes at two ends, the diameter of the extension rod is consistent with the size of the minimum end of the amplitude transformer, and a square groove is formed in the rod and serves as a clamping groove for subsequent mounting and dismounting.
The upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are provided with semicircular holes with the same radius as the extension rod and bosses with different heights on two sides, wherein the bosses on the side of the circular ring are arranged on the same side with the surface to be processed of the workpiece to prevent interference, the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are fixedly connected with the bosses on the side of the plane through screws, and the bosses on the side of the circular ring fix the extension rod through screws.
The upper support and the lower support are provided with two symmetrical grooves, and the fixed position of the machine tool can be adjusted by adjusting the positions of the screws in the grooves.
All joint surfaces need to be polished, and a bonding agent (such as vaseline) is filled during connection, so that the joint surfaces are more tightly combined, and the energy loss of ultrasonic vibration transmission is reduced.
Establishing a three-dimensional model for the ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment, establishing a three-dimensional model which accords with the material property and the size of an actual workpiece, re-establishing a new three-dimensional model for the workpiece and the three-dimensional model of the forming and grinding equipment, analyzing the vibration characteristics of the tangential vibration ultrasonic vibration platform under a single excitation condition by adopting a modal analysis and statics analysis module of ANSYS workbench software based on a finite element method, selecting a platform parameter when the one-way amplitude area of the center of the one-way ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment is maximum through the modal analysis, then determining the position of a vibration node on the extension rod, and fixing an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate at the positions of the nodes.
The one-way ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment comprises the following operation steps:
the ultrasonic sounder is started, a sinusoidal electric signal generated by an ultrasonic power supply is input into piezoelectric ceramics through a lead, the sinusoidal electric signal is converted into mechanical displacement in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramics according to the piezoelectric effect to generate ultrasonic vibration, the amplitude is amplified through an amplitude transformer, and the vibration is finally transmitted to a workpiece through an extension rod and a double-wing-shaped clamp to drive the workpiece to form unidirectional ultrasonic vibration.
The amplitude of the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and forming grinding equipment is adjusted by adjusting the output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply.
According to the actual requirement conditions of the machine tool platform and the workpiece to be machined, the equipment can realize the machining of four surfaces by adjusting screws under the condition that the whole machine is not detached.
And loosening the side screw of the circular ring of the upper clamping plate, rotating the ultrasonic generator around the X axis, and driving the extension rod, the double-wing-shaped clamp and the workpiece to rotate simultaneously, so that the processing of the processed plane diagonal surface can be realized.
The fixing bolt on the lower supporting leg is loosened, the forming and grinding equipment for ultrasonic auxiliary processing is integrally rotated around the Y axis, the forming and grinding equipment for ultrasonic auxiliary processing is fixed on the machine tool body through the upper supporting leg, the processing of the processed plane symmetry plane can be realized, and the processing of the axisymmetric plane can be finally realized through the rotation around the X axis and the Y axis.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) under the working state, the double-wing-shaped clamp greatly inhibits the ultrasonic vibration on the Y axis (the non-processing direction of the workpiece), so that the workpiece generates unidirectional vibration, the ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding of advanced material parts (particularly GH4169 high-temperature alloy blade tenon teeth) is realized, the cutting force can be effectively reduced, the surface quality is improved, and particularly, the grinding burn phenomenon can be effectively prevented.
(2) The ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding device can meet the processing requirements of workpieces with different lengths, after the lengths of the workpieces are changed, the positions of vibration nodes on the ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding device are changed, the workpieces are no longer located at the maximum ultrasonic vibration amplitude points, and the workpieces can be located at the maximum ultrasonic vibration amplitude points again by adjusting the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate to be fixed to the new vibration nodes on the extension rod.
(3) The upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate which are symmetrically arranged and the upper supporting leg and the lower supporting leg are adopted, and the four-side processing of the workpiece can be realized without disassembling the whole ultrasonic auxiliary forming and grinding equipment through adjusting screws, so that the operation time is greatly saved.
(4) By adopting the structure of the double-wing-shaped clamp and the extension rod, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece with high quality under the condition of avoiding the interference of the forming grinding wheel and the ultrasonic auxiliary forming grinding equipment.
(5) By adopting the mode of workpiece vibration, the invention avoids the complex structure of the ultrasonic vibration knife handle, and the whole rigidity and stability of the machine tool equipment are better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a one-way ultrasonic assisted form grinding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic transducer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a clamp fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dual wing clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the wand of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a splint of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a foot of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an engineering schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a vibration mode diagram of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a double-winged clamp; 2. a workpiece; 3. an upper splint; 4. an upper leg; 5. a lower splint; 6. an extension rod; 7. a lower leg; 8. an ultrasonic transducer; 9. a stud; 10. an ultrasonic horn; 11. piezoelectric ceramics; 12. a rear cover plate; 13. pre-tightening the screw; 14. a planar side boss; 15. a circular ring side boss; 16. a symmetrical groove; 17. an axisymmetric plane; 18. an angular symmetry plane; 19. rotating the arrow I; 20. a machined surface; 21. rotating an arrow II; 22. and processing a plane symmetry plane.
Detailed Description
The following describes a profile grinding apparatus based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying examples and drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a one-way ultrasonic-assisted machining form grinding device comprises: the workpiece 2, two clamping and fixing components and an ultrasonic transducer 8. The clamping and fixing component comprises a double-wing-shaped clamp 1, an upper clamp plate 3, an upper supporting leg 4, a lower clamp plate 5, an extension rod 6 and a lower supporting leg 7. The workpiece 2 is fixed through the front clamping fixing part and the rear clamping fixing part, two ends of the workpiece are respectively close to the two double-wing-shaped clamps 1, and two ends of the extension rod 6 are respectively connected with the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic transducer 8 and one of the double-wing-shaped clamps 1 through the double-end stud.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic transducer 8 of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the ultrasonic transducer 8 uses a sandwich structure, and uses a pre-tightening bolt 13 to compress a back cover plate 12, a piezoelectric ceramic 11 and an amplitude transformer 10, the front end of the piezoelectric ceramic 11 is connected with a conical ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10, and a stud 9 is installed in front of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 for connecting with an extension rod 6 of a clamping fixing component.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a clamping and fixing component of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, clamping parts of an upper clamping plate 3 and a lower clamping plate 5 are in a semicircular structure, the radian of the clamping parts is matched with the radian of the periphery of an extension rod 6, the extension rod 6 is fixed in a circular hole formed by splicing the upper clamping plate 3 and the lower clamping plate 5 through an inner hexagonal screw, and the clamping point is positioned at a vibration node of ultrasonic auxiliary machining and grinding equipment. The upper support leg 4 or the lower support leg 7 is horizontally fixed at the end parts of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate by means of bolts and is used for fixing the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and forming grinding equipment on a machining platform of a machine tool after the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are fixed.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dual wing clamp of the present invention; as shown in fig. 5, the double-wing-shaped clamp 1 is a square clamp with a threaded hole on two wings, and the double-wing gradual change structure can greatly inhibit the ultrasonic vibration generated by the workpiece in the Y direction, so that the workpiece mainly generates unidirectional ultrasonic vibration in the X direction (forming grinding feeding direction); the workpiece is better clamped, ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece, and interference with the grinding wheel in the forming and grinding process is prevented.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an extension rod of the present invention; as shown in fig. 6, the extension rod 6 is a cylinder with threaded holes at both ends, the diameter of the cylinder is consistent with the size of the minimum end of the amplitude transformer, and a square groove is formed on the rod body to serve as a clamping groove for subsequent mounting and dismounting.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a splint of the present invention; as shown in fig. 6, the upper and lower jaws 3 and 5 have a symmetrical structure, have a semicircular groove with the same radius as the extension rod 6, and are combined and clamped on the outer circumference of the extension rod 6. Bosses with different heights are arranged on two sides, the circular side boss 15 is arranged on the same side of the workpiece surface to be processed to prevent interference, the upper clamping plate 3 and the lower clamping plate 5 are fixedly connected with the plane side boss 14 through screws, and the circular side boss 15 fixes the extension rod through screws.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a foot of the present invention; as shown in fig. 8, the upper and lower support legs 4, 7 have two symmetrical slots 16, and the fixed position of the machine tool can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the screw in the slot.
FIG. 9 is an engineering schematic of the present invention; as shown in fig. 9, a rotation schematic diagram of specific positions and operation methods of four surfaces to be processed of the workpiece is marked, and the equipment is configured to correspond to the equipment as a rotation schematic arrow under the condition that the whole equipment is not detached, so that the processing of marking four surfaces of the workpiece can be realized.
All joint surfaces need to be polished, and a bonding agent (such as vaseline) is filled during connection, so that the joint surfaces are more tightly combined, and the energy loss of ultrasonic vibration transmission is reduced.
EXAMPLE 2 selection of Clamp Point positions
Under the condition of 20 KHz, firstly establishing a three-dimensional model for the ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment by using Catia software, then introducing a mode analysis module of Ansysborne noise software, establishing the three-dimensional model which accords with the actual material attribute and size, then analyzing the vibration characteristics of the tangential vibration ultrasonic vibration platform under the single excitation condition based on a finite element method, researching the influence rule of the geometric parameters of the platform and the workpiece on the vibration characteristics, and then selecting the parameters under the condition of the maximum amplitude value of the central area of the platform as the platform parameters, wherein the parameters are the length lx =190 mm and the width ly =90 mm. And analyzing the vibration characteristics of the tangential vibration ultrasonic vibration platform under the single excitation condition, analyzing a vibration mode diagram, obtaining the positions of wave nodes on the extension rod, and determining the optimal clamping point positions of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate.
Example 3
An operation method of a forming grinding device based on ultrasonic auxiliary machining comprises the following steps:
when the ultrasonic vibration generator works, the ultrasonic sound generator is started, a sinusoidal electric signal generated by an ultrasonic power supply is input into the piezoelectric ceramics 13 through a lead, the sinusoidal electric signal is converted into mechanical displacement in the thickness direction (arrow direction in fig. 3) of the piezoelectric ceramics according to the piezoelectric effect to generate ultrasonic vibration, the amplitude is amplified through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10, the vibration is finally transmitted to the workpiece 2 through the extension rod 6 and the double-wing-shaped clamp 1, the double-wing gradual change structure can greatly inhibit the ultrasonic vibration generated by the workpiece in the Y direction, and the workpiece 2 is finally driven to form unidirectional ultrasonic vibration (fig. 10). The amplitude of the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and forming grinding equipment is adjusted by adjusting the output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply.
According to the actual requirement conditions of the machine tool platform and the workpiece to be machined, the equipment can realize the machining of four surfaces by adjusting screws under the condition that the whole machine is not detached.
And loosening the side screw of the circular ring of the upper clamping plate, rotating the ultrasonic generator around the first rotating arrow 19 shown in fig. 9, and driving the extension rod, the double-wing-shaped clamp and the workpiece to rotate simultaneously, so that the processing of the processed plane diagonal surface 20 can be realized.
Loosening the fixing bolt on the lower support leg, rotating the whole forming and grinding equipment subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary machining around a second rotating arrow 21 shown in fig. 9, fixing the forming and grinding equipment subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary machining on a machining platform of a machine tool through the upper support leg, machining a machined plane symmetry plane 22, and finally machining an axisymmetric plane 18 by simultaneously rotating around the first rotating arrow and the second rotating arrow shown in fig. 9.

Claims (5)

1.一种单向超声辅助成形磨削装备,其特征在于,包括两个夹持固定部件、工件、超声波换能器,两个夹持固定部件夹持固定工件的两端,超声波换能器通过双头螺柱与其中一个夹持固定部件连接,与超声换能器连接的夹持固定部件传递超声振动;1. a one-way ultrasonic auxiliary shaping grinding equipment is characterized in that, comprises two clamping and fixing parts, workpiece, ultrasonic transducer, two clamping and fixing parts clamp the two ends of fixed workpiece, ultrasonic transducer The double-ended stud is connected with one of the clamping and fixing parts, and the clamping and fixing part connected with the ultrasonic transducer transmits ultrasonic vibration; 所述夹持固定部件由双翼状夹具、上夹板、上支脚、伸长杆、下夹板、下支脚组成;伸长杆夹持在上、下夹板之间,夹持点位于超声辅助加工成形磨削装备的伸长杆振动节点处,伸长杆的两端分别与超声换能器与双翼状夹具连接,上、下支脚将超声辅助加工成形磨削装备固定在机床的加工平台上。The clamping and fixing part consists of a double-wing clamp, an upper clamp, an upper leg, an extension rod, a lower clamp, and a lower leg; the extension rod is clamped between the upper and lower clamps, and the clamping point is located at the ultrasonic-assisted processing forming mill. At the vibration node of the extension rod of the grinding equipment, the two ends of the extension rod are respectively connected with the ultrasonic transducer and the double-wing clamp, and the upper and lower legs fix the ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding equipment on the processing platform of the machine tool. 2.根据权利要求1所述的单向超声辅助成形磨削装备,其特征在于所述双翼状夹具为方块形带两翼开螺纹孔的结构,双翼渐变结构可以抑制工件在非加工方向产生的超声振动,使工件主要产生成形磨削进给方向的单向超声振动。2. unidirectional ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that described double-wing clamp is the structure of square-shaped belt two-wing threaded holes, and double-wing gradual structure can suppress the ultrasonic wave that workpiece produces in non-processing direction. Vibration, so that the workpiece mainly produces unidirectional ultrasonic vibration in the feed direction of forming grinding. 3.根据权利要求1所述的单向超声辅助成形磨削装备,其特征在于,所述伸长杆为两端开螺纹孔圆柱,直径与变幅杆最小端尺寸一致,杆上开方槽;3. The unidirectional ultrasonic-assisted shaping and grinding equipment according to claim 1, wherein the elongated rod is a cylinder with threaded holes at both ends, the diameter is consistent with the size of the smallest end of the horn, and a square groove is formed on the rod. ; 所述上、下夹板具有与伸长杆半径相同的半圆孔,以及两侧高度不同的凸台,其中,圆环侧凸台与工件待加工面同侧,防止发生干涉,上、下夹板于平面侧凸台通过螺钉连接固定,圆环侧凸台通过螺钉将伸长杆固定;调整上、下夹板圆环侧螺钉,可使工件、双翼状夹具、伸长杆、超声波发生器绕中心轴旋转;所述上、下支脚均可用来在机床加工平台上固定单向超声辅助成形磨削装备。The upper and lower splints have semi-circular holes with the same radius as the extension rod, and bosses with different heights on both sides, wherein the annular bosses are on the same side as the workpiece to be processed to prevent interference. The boss on the plane side is fixed by screw connection, and the boss on the ring side is fixed with the extension rod by screws; by adjusting the screws on the ring side of the upper and lower splints, the workpiece, the double-wing clamp, the extension rod and the ultrasonic generator can be moved around the central axis. Rotation; the upper and lower legs can be used to fix the one-way ultrasonic-assisted shaping and grinding equipment on the machining platform of the machine tool. 4.根据权利要求1所述的单向超声辅助成形磨削装备,其特征在于,所述夹持点的定位是通过以下方法实现:对所述超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备建立三维模型,建立与实际工件的物料属性与尺寸大小符合的三维模型,将此工件与成形磨削装备的三维模型重新建立新的三维模型,基于有限元方法,采用 ANSYS workbench软件的模态分析和静力学分析模块,对单激励条件下的切向振动超声振动平台进行振动特性分析,通过模态分析,选取单向超声辅助成形磨削装备中心单向振幅面积最大时的平台参数,然后确定伸长杆上振动节点的位置,上下夹板固定在节点位置。4. The unidirectional ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment according to claim 1, wherein the positioning of the clamping point is realized by the following method: establishing a three-dimensional model for the forming and grinding equipment of the ultrasonic-assisted processing, Establish a 3D model that is consistent with the material properties and dimensions of the actual workpiece, re-establish a new 3D model of the workpiece and the 3D model of the forming and grinding equipment, based on the finite element method, using the modal analysis and static analysis of the ANSYS workbench software Module, to analyze the vibration characteristics of the tangential vibration ultrasonic vibration platform under the condition of single excitation, through modal analysis, select the platform parameters when the one-way amplitude area of the center of the one-way ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding equipment is the largest, and then determine the length of the extension rod. The position of the vibration node, the upper and lower splints are fixed at the node position. 5.权利要求1所述的一种单向超声辅助成形磨削装备的操作方法,其特征在于步骤如下:5. the operating method of a kind of one-way ultrasonic-assisted shaping grinding equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that the step is as follows: (1) 两组上、下夹板通过螺钉固定在超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备伸长杆的波节点位置,螺钉作用于支脚位置,将超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备固定在机床上;将工件固定在超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备超声振动幅值最大点;(1) The two sets of upper and lower splints are fixed at the nodal position of the extension rod of the ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment by screws, and the screws act on the position of the feet to fix the ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment on the machine tool; The workpiece is fixed at the maximum point of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude of the ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding equipment; (2) 超声波电源发出超声频率震荡信号经过超声波换能器转换成正弦变化机械位移,产生沿着压电陶瓷厚度方向的纵向超声振动;(2) The ultrasonic frequency oscillation signal emitted by the ultrasonic power source is converted into a sinusoidal mechanical displacement by the ultrasonic transducer, and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration along the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic is generated; (3) 超声振动通过圆锥型变幅杆振幅被放大,通过伸长杆与双翼状夹具最终将振动传递至工件上,双翼状夹具对工件非加工方向上的超声振动大幅抑制,最终驱动工件形成单向超声振动;(3) The amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration is amplified by the conical horn, and the vibration is finally transmitted to the workpiece through the extension rod and the double-wing clamp. The double-wing clamp greatly suppresses the ultrasonic vibration in the non-processing direction of the workpiece, and finally drives the workpiece to form One-way ultrasonic vibration; (4) 调节超声电源输出电压可以调节工件的振幅;(4) Adjusting the output voltage of the ultrasonic power supply can adjust the amplitude of the workpiece; (5) 根据机床平台与待加工工件实际需要情况,装备在整体不拆卸的情况下,通过调整螺钉,工件即可实现四个面的加工:将上夹板圆环侧螺钉松开,绕X轴旋转超声波发生器,带动伸长杆、双翼状夹具与工件同时旋转,即可实现已加工平面对角面的加工;松开下支脚上固定螺栓,将超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备整体绕Y轴旋转,通过上支脚将超声辅助加工的成形磨削装备固定在机床床身,即可实现已加工平面对称面的加工;通过同时实现绕X轴与Y轴旋转,最终可以实现轴对称面的加工。(5) According to the actual needs of the machine tool platform and the workpiece to be processed, the workpiece can be processed on four sides by adjusting the screws without disassembling the whole equipment: loosen the screws on the ring side of the upper splint, and rotate around the X-axis. Rotate the ultrasonic generator to drive the extension rod, the double-winged fixture and the workpiece to rotate at the same time, and then the diagonal surface of the machined plane can be processed; loosen the fixing bolts on the lower legs, and wrap the ultrasonic-assisted forming and grinding equipment around the Y as a whole. Rotate the axis, and fix the ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding equipment on the machine bed through the upper feet, so that the machining of the plane symmetry plane can be realized; by simultaneously rotating around the X axis and the Y axis, the axial symmetry plane can finally be realized. processing.
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