CN113138348A - Lithium battery detection method and device - Google Patents
Lithium battery detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113138348A CN113138348A CN202010052095.7A CN202010052095A CN113138348A CN 113138348 A CN113138348 A CN 113138348A CN 202010052095 A CN202010052095 A CN 202010052095A CN 113138348 A CN113138348 A CN 113138348A
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a detection method and a detection device for a lithium battery, wherein the method comprises the following steps: controlling the lithium battery to discharge to preset residual capacity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of a discharge end; controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle, each charge-discharge cycle comprising: the first sequence of charge-discharge cycle process of continuously discharging the lithium battery with the second constant current for the first preset time period after the lithium battery is continuously charged with the second constant current for the first preset time period in sequence and is kept standing for the preset time, or the second sequence of charge-discharge cycle process of controlling the lithium battery to discharge and recharge in the same way firstly; obtaining the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value; and calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery. The method can accurately measure the instantaneous or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of performance detection of lithium batteries, in particular to a detection method and a detection device of a lithium battery.
Background
The impedance of the lithium ion lithium battery mainly comprises ion impedance in the lithium battery, and comprises lithium ion solvation/desolvation process impedance, impedance passing through a solid electrolyte interface SEI film, electrochemical reaction impedance, mass transfer impedance of lithium ions in solid-phase material particles and the like, the time required for various impedances to occur is different, the time required for the solid-phase mass transfer impedance to occur is longest, if the acquisition time is shorter and the mass transfer of the lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is lower at the moment, the working voltage is higher, the impedance can only be used for measuring the instantaneous internal resistance value, and the real impedance in the constant current/constant power charging and discharging process cannot be measured.
Testing the direct current internal resistance of lithium cell in the present industry, generally regard initial static voltage as the balanced voltage of lithium cell to neglect the little residual capacity SOC difference that introduces in the charge-discharge test process, and it is great to change on the charge-discharge test time, do not fully consider the time that each link needs in the lithium cell impedance, the value of measuring can only be applied to the reference value of different model lithium cell internal resistance sizes, like GBT 31467.2-2015 lithium ion power storage battery package and system 2 nd part for electric automobile: in the test method of 7.2 in the high energy application test regulation, the measured value can only be used as a reference for comparing the internal resistances of different lithium batteries, and the thermal power generated by the internal resistances of the lithium batteries cannot be directly represented.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a detection method and a detection device for a lithium battery, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, initial static voltage is used as balance voltage of the lithium battery, the change in charging and discharging test time is large, the time required by each link in lithium battery impedance is not fully considered, and the measured value can only be applied to reference values of internal resistances of lithium batteries of different models.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a detection method of a lithium battery comprises the following steps:
controlling the lithium battery to discharge to preset residual capacity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of a discharge end;
controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle, each charge-discharge cycle comprising: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially and continuously charging the lithium battery for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, standing for a preset time, and then continuously discharging the lithium battery for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, or controlling the lithium battery to sequentially and continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, standing for a preset time, and then continuously charging the lithium battery for the second preset time period by using the second constant current;
obtaining the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
Further, the detection method of the lithium battery further comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the preset residual capacity is achieved;
wherein the electrical power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery.
Further, the actual current is the current of the lithium battery when the preset remaining capacity is available.
Further, when a plurality of the charge and discharge cycle courses are performed, the first order charge and discharge cycle course and the second order charge and discharge cycle course are alternately performed.
Further, the second constant current is less than 0.1C.
Further, the first preset time period is greater than 10 s.
Further, the preset time is less than 10 min.
Further, the calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the preset remaining capacity is obtained according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery includes:
calculating a difference between the second voltage value and the first voltage value;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of a lithium battery, which comprises: the detection module is used for controlling the lithium battery to discharge to the preset residual electric quantity at a first constant current and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of a discharging end;
the control module is used for controlling the lithium battery to execute at least one charge-discharge cycle process, and each charge-discharge cycle process comprises the following steps: the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, or the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, and the lithium battery is continuously charged for the first preset time period with the second constant current after standing for the preset time;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of a lithium battery, which comprises: the processor and the memory are stored with programs executable by the processor, and when the processor executes the programs, the steps of the method are realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the lithium battery detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention fully considers the balance time of mass transfer diffusion of lithium ions in a solid-phase material, prolongs the charging time of charging and discharging test, quickly eliminates polarization by a method of charging and discharging with the same current multiplying power in the forward direction and the reverse direction after charging and then discharging or after discharging and then charging, ensures that the lithium battery quickly reaches a balanced state, simultaneously ensures that the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is consistent, and avoids the situation that the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of the lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And meanwhile, at least one charge-discharge cycle process is carried out, so that the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, and the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately measure the instantaneous or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of the lithium battery system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a lithium battery detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a detection apparatus for a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method and a device for detecting lithium batteries, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, initial static voltage is used as balance voltage of the lithium batteries, the change is large in charging and discharging test time, the time required by each link in lithium battery impedance is not fully considered, and the measured value can only be applied to reference values of internal resistances of lithium batteries of different models.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting a lithium battery includes:
for example, the resistance of the lithium battery is detected when the remaining capacity of the lithium battery is 50%, and the lithium battery is discharged at a constant current until the remaining capacity of the lithium battery is 50%.
for example, the lithium battery is controlled to be charged for 5min at a current of 0.02C, and after standing for 10s, the lithium battery is discharged for 5min at a current of 0.02C, which is a first sequence of charge-discharge cycle process; discharging at 0.02C for 5min, standing for 10s, and charging at 0.02C for 5min, which is a second sequence of charge-discharge cycle.
The unit C is a ratio of the charge/discharge current of the lithium battery, i.e., a rate. For example, a 1200mAh lithium battery, 0.2C represents 240mA, i.e., 0.2 rate of 1200mAh, and 1C represents 1200mA, i.e., 1 rate of 1200 mAh.
The 0.02C magnification is very small, and the polarization during the charge and discharge of the battery can be approximately considered to be the same. And (3) the steps of charging and discharging with the same small multiplying power in the forward direction and the reverse direction can rapidly eliminate polarization to enable the lithium battery to rapidly reach a balanced state, and can ensure that the residual electric quantity before and after the charging and discharging circulation process is consistent to obtain the balanced voltage of the lithium battery.
and detecting the voltage E1 at the 5min end of the discharging process in the first sequence of charge-discharge cycle processes, and detecting the voltage E2 at the 5min end of the charging process in the second sequence of charge-discharge cycle processes, wherein the second voltage E is (E1+ E2)/2. By averaging the detected voltages over two or more charge-discharge cycles, the obtained voltage value is more accurate.
And 14, calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery in the preset residual electric quantity according to the first voltage value U and the second voltage value E of the lithium battery.
The lithium battery detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention fully considers the balance time of mass transfer diffusion of lithium ions in a solid-phase material, prolongs the charging time of charging and discharging test, quickly eliminates polarization by a method of charging and discharging with the same current multiplying power in the forward direction and the reverse direction after charging and then discharging or after discharging and then charging, ensures that the lithium battery quickly reaches a balanced state, simultaneously ensures that the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is consistent, and avoids the situation that the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of the lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And meanwhile, at least one charge-discharge cycle process is carried out, so that the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, and the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately measure the instantaneous or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of the lithium battery system.
Optionally, the detection method of the lithium battery further includes:
calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the preset residual capacity is achieved;
wherein the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current I' of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery;
electric power P ═ I 'of internal resistance of lithium battery'2R。
Here, the actual current I' is a current of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity, and the current of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity is obtained by measurement.
Alternatively, when a plurality of the charge and discharge cycle courses are performed, the first order charge and discharge cycle course and the second order charge and discharge cycle course are alternately performed.
For example, the lithium battery is controlled to be charged for 5min at a current of 0.02C, and after standing for 10s, the lithium battery is discharged for 5min at a current of 0.02C, which is a first sequence of charge-discharge cycle process; discharging at 0.02C for 5min, standing for 10s, and charging at 0.02C for 5min, which is a second sequence of charge-discharge cycle; or controlling the lithium battery to discharge for 5min at the current of 0.02C, standing for 10s, and then charging for 5min at the current of 0.02C, which is a second sequence of charge-discharge cycle process; charging at 0.02C for 5min, standing for 10s, and discharging at 0.02C for 5min, which is the first sequence of charge-discharge cycle.
Optionally, the second constant current is less than 0.1C.
Here, the second constant current is preferably 0.01C-0.05C, and the small-rate charge and discharge can rapidly eliminate polarization of the lithium battery.
Optionally, the first preset time period is greater than 10 s;
and standing for 10s to quickly obtain the theoretical balance voltage of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset.
The first preset time period is preferably 1min-5min, the working voltage in the first preset time period can reflect the true working condition of the lithium battery in the charge-discharge cycle process, and if the acquisition time is short and the mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high.
Optionally, the preset time is less than 10 min.
Optionally, the calculating, according to the first voltage value U and the second voltage value E of the lithium battery, the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the remaining capacity is preset includes:
calculating the difference value between the second voltage value E and the first voltage value U;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery in the preset residual electric quantity according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current I.
And the internal resistance R at the preset residual capacity is (E-U)/I.
The lithium battery detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention fully considers the balance time of mass transfer diffusion of lithium ions in a solid-phase material, prolongs the charging time of charging and discharging test, quickly eliminates polarization by a method of charging and discharging with the same current multiplying power in the forward direction and the reverse direction after charging and then discharging or after discharging and then charging, ensures that the lithium battery quickly reaches a balanced state, simultaneously ensures that the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is consistent, and avoids the situation that the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of the lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And meanwhile, at least one charge-discharge cycle process is carried out, so that the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, and the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately measure the instantaneous or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of the lithium battery system.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a detection apparatus for a lithium battery, including:
the detection module 21 is configured to control the lithium battery to discharge to a preset remaining capacity at a first constant current, and detect a first voltage value at a discharge end time;
a control module 22 for controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle, each charge-discharge cycle comprising: the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, or the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, and the lithium battery is continuously charged for the first preset time period with the second constant current after standing for the preset time;
the obtaining module 23 is configured to obtain a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and the calculating module 24 is configured to calculate an internal resistance of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of a lithium battery, which comprises: the processor and the memory are stored with programs executable by the processor, and when the processor executes the programs, the steps of the method are realized.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A detection method of a lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the lithium battery to discharge to preset residual capacity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of a discharge end;
controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle, each charge-discharge cycle comprising: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially and continuously charging the lithium battery for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, standing for a preset time, and then continuously discharging the lithium battery for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, or controlling the lithium battery to sequentially and continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, standing for a preset time, and then continuously charging the lithium battery for the second preset time period by using the second constant current;
obtaining the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
2. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the preset residual capacity is achieved;
wherein the electrical power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery.
3. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the actual current is a current of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity.
4. The method of detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first order charge-discharge cycle process and the second order charge-discharge cycle process are alternately performed when a plurality of the charge-discharge cycle processes are performed.
5. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second constant current is less than 0.1C.
6. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first predetermined period of time is greater than 10 seconds.
7. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is less than 10 min.
8. The method for detecting a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery comprises:
calculating a difference between the second voltage value and the first voltage value;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current.
9. A detection device for a lithium battery is characterized by comprising:
the detection module is used for controlling the lithium battery to discharge to the preset residual electric quantity at a first constant current and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of a discharging end;
the control module is used for controlling the lithium battery to execute at least one charge-discharge cycle process, and each charge-discharge cycle process comprises the following steps: the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, or the lithium battery is controlled to continuously discharge for the first preset time period with the second constant current in sequence, and the lithium battery is continuously charged for the first preset time period with the second constant current after standing for the preset time;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
10. A detection device for a lithium battery is characterized by comprising: a processor, a memory, the memory having stored thereon a program executable by the processor, when executing the program, performing the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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