CN113137780B - Low-temperature refrigeration cold-storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-temperature refrigeration cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy, which comprises a compressor (1), a condenser (2), a liquid storage tank (3), an intercooler (4), an evaporator (5), a cooler (6), a first adsorption bed (101), a second adsorption bed (102) and a cold accumulation adsorption bed (11); in the daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode, the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed work alternately by utilizing solar energy to realize refrigeration, meanwhile, the cold accumulation adsorption bed performs desorption reaction under the suction regulation action of a compressor to gradually complete cold accumulation, and in the night cold release mode, the cold accumulation adsorption bed continuously adsorbs refrigerant to realize continuous refrigeration. Compared with the prior art, the invention introduces the compressor to adjust the desorption pressure of the adsorption bed, reduces the desorption temperature, enables the system to actively adapt to the fluctuating solar hot water temperature, and realizes the desorption and heat absorption at lower temperature; meanwhile, with the assistance of desorption reaction of the adsorption bed, the suction pressure of the compressor is increased, the pressure ratio of the compressor is reduced, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced, and the refrigeration energy efficiency is obviously improved.

Description

A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and cold storage, in particular to a low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy.

Background technique

Fruits and vegetables are essential food in daily life, but they are generally difficult to store for a long time. The low-temperature storage in the place of origin can take away the ground heat of fruits and vegetables in time, reduce respiratory heat, prolong the storage period, and reduce the loss of fruits and vegetables from spoilage. At the same time, due to the distribution of It is difficult to realize the centralized management of the power supply station, and there are few power points, unstable voltage quality, weak power supply capacity and long transmission lines leading to a large amount of power loss. It is difficult to meet the power supply demand for timely refrigeration of agricultural products.

Low-temperature cold storage is an indispensable part of low-temperature storage in the place of origin. It is mainly used for constant temperature and humidity storage of food, fruits and vegetables, and medicines. Low grades are widely used to provide cooling capacity for low-temperature cold storage, but low evaporation temperatures will result in high power consumption and low refrigeration energy efficiency, resulting in a significant increase in storage costs.

The field is rich in solar energy. Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source. If solar energy can be efficiently recycled and utilized to produce low-temperature cooling capacity to meet the needs of cold storage, storage costs can be significantly reduced; however, solar energy has characteristics such as intermittent and unstable , For example, the outlet water temperature of ordinary vacuum tube solar collectors fluctuates continuously with the intensity of solar radiation in the range of 55°C-95°C, which greatly limits the recovery and utilization of solar energy.

After reviewing the literature, it was found that Zhao Youxin and others published a solar ice storage cold storage with the number CN209181364U. The coil evaporates and absorbs heat, and the water phase turns into ice to store cold energy. When there is a lack of solar energy at night, the cooling is released to ensure the cooling capacity of the cold storage. This invention patent adopts traditional vapor compression refrigeration device for refrigeration, but still faces the problems of high power consumption and low refrigeration energy efficiency caused by low evaporation temperature, and the solar photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, so the required solar panel area is large, and the solar panel is expensive , the initial cost of the system is high. In addition, the ice storage device is used, which is characterized by a constant cooling temperature and cannot flexibly adjust the cooling temperature required by the cold storage.

As we all know, the conversion efficiency of solar energy to heat is much higher than that of photoelectric conversion, and the cost of solar collectors is much lower than that of solar panels. It is difficult for the appliance to obtain such high-temperature hot water.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that utilizes solar energy efficiently in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a low-temperature refrigeration storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy, characterized in that it includes a compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an intercooler, an evaporator, a cooler, a first Adsorption bed, second adsorption bed, cold storage adsorption bed; the compressor is sequentially connected to the condenser, liquid storage tank, and intercooler; the intercooler is provided with multiple inlets and outlets, respectively connected to the compressor and evaporator and coolers;

The evaporator and the cooler are respectively connected to the first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed, and the cold storage adsorption bed, and a plurality of four-way valves and three-way valves are arranged on the connecting pipeline; the four-way valve and the three-way valve are switched, Realize the switching of the first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed, and the cold storage adsorption bed for adsorption and desorption, and realize the cooling/cooling storage of the system during the day and the cooling release at night. The heat exchange tube is used for the circulation of cooling water and hot water. The water inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchange tube are connected to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected to the solar heat collector.

The system is also provided with a first four-way valve, the first port of which is the cooling water inlet, the second port is the hot water inlet, the third port is connected to the inlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed, and the second port is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed. The four ports are connected to the inlet ends of the internal heat exchange tubes of the second adsorption bed.

The system is also provided with a second four-way valve, the first port of which is the hot water outlet, the second port is the cooling water outlet, the third port is connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed, and the second port is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed. The four ports are connected to the outlet ports of the internal heat exchange tubes of the second adsorption bed.

The system is also provided with a third four-way valve, the first port of which is connected to the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the first adsorption bed, the second port is connected to the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the second adsorption bed, and the third port is connected to the cooling valve. The refrigerant inlet of the refrigerator, the fourth port is connected to the refrigerant pipeline of the first refrigeration valve, and the first refrigeration valve is connected to the evaporator;

The system is also provided with a three-way valve, the first port of which is connected to the cold storage adsorption bed, the second port is connected to the cooler, and the third port is connected to the evaporator.

The connecting pipeline between the intercooler and the evaporator is provided with a first expansion valve,

The connecting pipeline between the liquid storage tank and the intercooler is connected in parallel with a second expansion valve.

The intercooler is provided with four fluid inlets and outlets, which are respectively: the first refrigerant inlet connected with the cooler, the second refrigerant inlet connected with the liquid storage tank, and the first refrigerant outlet connected with the compressor , The outlet of the second refrigerator communicated with the evaporator.

The heat exchange tubes inside the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are connected to cooling water and hot water through the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve;

The heat exchange tube inside the cold storage adsorption bed is connected to cooling water or hot water;

The heat exchange pipes in the condenser are connected with the cooling water pipes.

The first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed and the cold storage adsorption bed are all filled with strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia.

The described system works in two working modes: cooling/cooling storage during the day and cooling release at night, with different connection modes according to different modes:

The first type of daytime refrigeration/cooling storage mode has two operating modes: cooling and cold storage. The daytime cooling operation mode: the first adsorption bed is in the adsorption state, the second adsorption bed is in the desorption state, and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed pass through the third and fourth The one-way valve is connected to the outlet of the evaporator, the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant of the second adsorption bed are connected to the inlet of the cooler through the third four-way valve, the outlet of the refrigerant of the cooler is connected to the first refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, and the intercooler The first refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor; the refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank, and the refrigerant of the liquid storage tank The outlet is connected to the second refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, the second refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator through the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the second refrigerant outlet through the first refrigerant valve. The three and four-way valves are connected and connected to the adsorption bed; by switching the third and four-way valves, the first adsorption bed is adjusted to be in the desorption state, the second adsorption bed is in the adsorption state, and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed pass through the third and four-way valves It is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler, and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed are connected to the outlet of the evaporator through the third four-way valve;

Daytime cold storage operation mode: the refrigerant outlet of the cold storage adsorption bed is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler through the three-way valve and the third four-way valve, and the refrigerant outlet of the cooler is connected to the first refrigerant inlet of the intercooler; the intercooler The first refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, the refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, and the refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank;

The second cooling operation mode at night: the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the second refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, and the second refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator through the first expansion valve .

The refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through the intercooler and the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant after evaporating and absorbing heat returns to the cold storage adsorption bed through the three-way valve, and is adsorbed by the adsorption bed to realize continuous refrigeration.

The new system has different working principles according to the two working modes of cooling/cooling storage during the day and cooling release at night:

The daytime cooling/cooling storage mode has two operating modes of cooling and cold storage that can be carried out at the same time: in the daytime cooling operation mode, the first adsorption bed is fed with cooling water and is in an adsorption state, and the second adsorption bed is fed with solar-heated hot water. The desorption temperature is in the desorption state. The desorbed refrigerant enters the cooler through the third and four-way valve, and then enters the intercooler to desuperheat. The desuperheated refrigerant enters the compressor for compression, and the compressed refrigerant enters the The condenser condenses, and the condensed refrigerant enters the intercooler through the liquid storage tank, enters the evaporator through the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant after evaporating and absorbing heat enters the first adsorption through the first refrigerant valve and the third four-way valve. The bed is adsorbed by the adsorbent of the first adsorption bed. When the second adsorption bed is completely desorbed/the first adsorption bed is saturated, the third four-way valve, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are switched. The first adsorption The heat exchange pipe inside the bed flows into the hot water, and under the suction of the compressor, it is in the desorption state, and the heat exchange pipe inside the second adsorption bed flows into the cooling water to be in the adsorption state, and the refrigeration process continues; in the daytime cold storage operation mode, the cold storage adsorption bed is fed The hot water heated by solar energy undergoes a desorption reaction under the suction regulation of the compressor. The desorbed refrigerant enters the cooler through the three-way valve and the third four-way valve, and the intercooler enters the compressor for compression. The agent is condensed by the condenser and stored in the liquid storage tank.

The second mode: release cooling at night, the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through the intercooler and the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant after evaporating and absorbing heat returns to the cold storage adsorption of the cooling water through the three-way valve The bed is adsorbed by the adsorption bed to realize continuous refrigeration.

The adsorbent of the present invention adopts strontium chloride, and the refrigerant is ammonia and the like. The adsorbent strontium chloride and the refrigerant ammonia rely on the complexation relationship to form a complex, releasing the heat of reaction.

The reaction mechanism of SrCl ₂ and NH ₃ is shown in the following equation:

Where ΔH _r is the chemical reaction enthalpy, J/mol.

In order to enhance the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent, the adsorbent adopts a solidified mixed adsorbent, including metal chloride and a matrix, and the matrix is selected from vulcanized expanded graphite or expanded graphite.

The daytime refrigeration/cold storage mode of the present invention utilizes solar energy to make the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed work alternately to realize refrigeration, and at the same time, the cold storage adsorption bed undergoes desorption reaction under the action of compressor suction adjustment, and the desorbed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor Then enter the condenser to condense, and finally enter the liquid storage tank to complete the cold storage process. In the cooling release mode at night, the cold storage adsorption bed continuously absorbs the refrigerant, and the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator to generate cooling capacity, thereby realizing continuous refrigeration. The present invention introduces a compressor to adjust the desorption pressure of the adsorption bed, lowers the desorption temperature, makes the system actively adapt to the fluctuating solar hot water temperature, and realizes desorption and heat absorption at a lower temperature; at the same time, with the assistance of the desorption reaction of the adsorption bed, the suction pressure of the compressor is increased, Reduce the pressure ratio of the compressor, reduce the power consumption of the compressor, and significantly improve the cooling efficiency.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention adopts the mode of compressor-assisted adsorption refrigeration/cold storage, the compressor suction adjusts the desorption pressure, reduces the desorption temperature of the adsorbent, can actively adapt to the unstable solar heat source, realizes the desorption and heat absorption of the adsorbent at a lower temperature, and realizes Efficient recycling of solar energy;

(2) The compressor of the present invention significantly improves the suction pressure, reduces the compressor pressure ratio, reduces energy consumption, and improves the system energy efficiency ratio under the assistance of the adsorption bed desorption reaction;

(3) The working mode of the present invention is divided into daytime refrigeration/cooling storage mode and night release cooling mode. In the night release cooling mode, the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through throttling to evaporate and absorb heat to generate cooling capacity, and finally returns to the evaporator. Until the cold storage adsorption bed is adsorbed by the adsorbent, so as to realize continuous refrigeration;

(4) The present invention adopts solar heat collectors to recycle solar energy, and the initial cost of the system is significantly reduced.

Description of drawings

What Fig. 1 shows is the structural schematic diagram of the low-temperature refrigeration/cold storage system device of novel high-efficiency utilization of solar energy in Embodiment 1;

What Fig. 2 shows is the structural representation of intercooler in embodiment 1;

Figure 3 shows the lnp-T diagram of the new low-temperature refrigeration/storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy during operation.

Detailed ways

The novel high-efficiency solar energy utilization low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the schematic diagram, wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the present invention described here, and still The advantageous effects of the present invention are realized. Therefore, the following description should be understood as the broad knowledge of those skilled in the art, but not as a limitation of the present invention.

The various components used in the present invention are conventional components in the field. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the adsorbent used, it is a preferred example adsorbent of the present invention, and is not intended as a reference to the present invention. limits.

As shown in Figure 1, a new type of low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy includes: compressor 1, condenser 2, liquid storage tank 3, intercooler 4, evaporator 5, cooler 6, first four One-way valve 71, second four-way valve 72, third four-way valve 73, first expansion valve 81, second expansion valve 82, first refrigerant valve 83, first refrigerant valve 84, three-way valve 9, second An adsorption bed 101 , a second adsorption bed 102 , and a cold storage adsorption bed 11 .

Fill strontium chloride and expanded graphite composite adsorbent in the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102 and the cold storage adsorption bed 11, and the refrigerant is between the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102 and the cold storage adsorption bed 11 Circulation, in the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102, the cold storage adsorption bed 11 and the condenser 2, there are heat exchange tubes for the circulation of cooling water and hot water.

In this embodiment, for the first four-way valve 71, the first port is the cooling water inlet, the second port is the hot water inlet, the third port is connected to the inlet end of the internal heat exchange tube of the first adsorption bed 101, and the second port is The four ports are connected to the inlet ends of the internal heat exchange tubes of the second adsorption bed 102 .

In this embodiment, the first port of the second four-way valve 72 is the hot water outlet, the second port is the cooling water outlet, and the third port is connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed 101. The four ports are connected to the outlet ends of the heat exchange tubes inside the second adsorption bed 102 .

In this embodiment, the third four-way valve 73 has its first interface connected to the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the first adsorption bed 101, the second interface connected to the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the second adsorption bed 102, and the third interface connected to The inlet of the refrigerant of the cooler 6, the fourth port is connected to the refrigerant pipeline of the first refrigeration valve 81, and the first refrigeration valve 81 is connected to the evaporator 5;

In this embodiment, the first port of the three-way valve 9 is connected to the cold storage adsorption bed 11 , the second port is connected to the cooler 6 , and the third port is connected to the evaporator 5 .

In this embodiment, a first expansion valve 83 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the intercooler 4 and the evaporator 5,

In this embodiment, the second expansion valve 84 is connected in parallel on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage tank 3 and the intercooler 4 .

As shown in Figure 2, the intercooler 4 is provided with four fluid inlets and outlets, which are respectively: a first refrigerant inlet 41 communicated with the cooler 6, and a second refrigerant inlet 42 communicated with the liquid storage tank 3 , the first refrigerant outlet 43 communicating with the compressor 1 , and the second refrigerator outlet 44 communicating with the evaporator 5 .

On the heat exchange fluid side, the heat exchange tubes inside the first adsorption bed 101 and the second adsorption bed 102 are connected to cooling water and hot water through the first four-way valve 71 and the second four-way valve 72; The heat pipe can be connected to cooling water or hot water; the heat exchange pipe in the condenser 2 is connected to the cooling water pipe;

On the refrigerant side, when the first adsorption bed 101 is in the adsorption state and the second adsorption bed 102 is in the desorption state, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed 101 are connected to the outlet of the evaporator 5 through the third four-way valve 73; The refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed 102 are connected to the inlet of the cooler through the third four-way valve 73; the refrigerant outlet of the cooler 6 is connected to the first refrigerant inlet 41 of the intercooler 4; the first refrigerant of the intercooler 4 The outlet 43 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 1; the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 2; the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 2 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 3; the liquid storage tank 3 is refrigerated The refrigerant outlet is connected to the second refrigerant inlet 42 of the intercooler 4; the second refrigerant outlet 44 of the intercooler 4 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 5 through the first expansion valve 83; the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 5 is connected through the second A refrigerant valve 81 is connected to the third four-way valve 73, and is connected to the refrigerant outlet pipe of the cooler 6 through the second expansion valve 82; the refrigerant outlet of the cold storage adsorption bed 11 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler 6 through the three-way valve 9 It is connected with the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 5; the working state of the first adsorption bed 101 and the second adsorption bed 102 is adjusted through the third four-way valve 73. When the first adsorption bed 101 is in the desorption state, the second adsorption bed 102 is in the adsorption state. state, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed 101 are connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler 6 through the third four-way valve 73; the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed 102 are connected to the outlet of the evaporator 5 through the third four-way valve 73 connected.

In this embodiment, the first adsorption bed 101 , the second adsorption bed 102 and the cold storage adsorption bed 11 are all filled with strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia or the like. The adsorbent strontium chloride and the refrigerant ammonia rely on complexation to form a complex, releasing high-temperature reaction heat.

The reaction mechanism of SrCl ₂ and NH ₃ is shown in the following equation:

Where ΔH _r is the chemical reaction enthalpy, J/mol.

In order to enhance the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent, the adsorbent adopts a solidified mixed adsorbent, including metal chloride and a matrix, and the matrix is selected from vulcanized expanded graphite or expanded graphite.

The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

(a) Daytime cooling/cooling storage mode:

The desorption temperature of the first adsorption bed is lowered from T _des to T' _des under the suction adjustment of the compressor, and the desorption reaction occurs when the solar hot water is heated, the second adsorption bed is cooled by the cooling water and the adsorption reaction occurs, and the first adsorption bed desorbs After being cooled by the cooler to desuperheat, the refrigerant that comes out is compressed by the suction compressor, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows to the condenser to condense. Adsorbed by the adsorbent in the second adsorption bed, the adsorption temperature is _Tsor , as shown in Figure 3; switch the third four-way valve, the first adsorption bed is cooled by cooling water to undergo adsorption reaction, and the second adsorption bed is in the compressor Under the action of suction adjustment, the desorption reaction occurs when heated by solar hot water, and the above refrigeration process is repeated;

Under the suction regulation of the compressor, the cold storage adsorption bed is heated by solar hot water to undergo a desorption reaction. The desorbed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and flows to the condenser to condense. The refrigerant condensate is stored in the liquid storage tank.

(b) Cooling mode at night:

During the day, the condensate accumulated in the liquid storage tank is throttled by the expansion valve and enters the evaporator to evaporate and absorb heat to generate cooling capacity. The refrigerant flows into the cold storage adsorption bed that flows into the cooling water, and is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the cold storage adsorption bed.

Compression-assisted adsorption refrigeration/cold storage method, through the suction of the compressor, the desorption temperature of the adsorption bed is reduced from T _des to T' _des , and the suction pressure of the compressor is increased from p _e to p' _des , actively adapting to the instability The solar heat source realizes desorption and heat absorption at a lower temperature, reduces the pressure ratio of the compressor, realizes continuous refrigeration, reduces energy consumption, and improves the energy efficiency ratio.

A specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: select strontium chloride as the adsorbent, and ammonia as the refrigerant. Assume that the evaporation temperature is -25°C. Table 1 shows the COP of the new refrigeration/cool storage system and the vapor compression refrigeration system at different heat source temperatures when the evaporation temperature is -25°C. When the temperature of the heat source is 65-95°C, the COP of the new refrigeration/cold storage system is much higher than that of the vapor compression refrigeration system, which overcomes the requirement of the adsorption refrigeration system for high heat source temperature, realizes desorption at a lower temperature, and actively adapts to unstable solar energy hot water temperature.

Table 2 shows the compressor pressure ratios of the new refrigeration/cool storage system and the vapor compression refrigeration system at different evaporation temperatures when the heat source temperature is 90°C. The compressor pressure ratios of the new refrigeration/cool storage system are much lower than those of the vapor compression refrigeration system. Machine pressure ratio.

Table 1 COP of new system and vapor compression refrigeration system (evaporation temperature is -25°C)

Table 2 Compressor pressure ratio between the new system and the vapor compression refrigeration system (heat source temperature is 90°C)

It should be noted that the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and the like used in the present invention are used to describe common objects, and only indicate different instances of the same object, and do not It is not intended to imply that objects so described must be in a given order, whether temporally, spatially, sequentially or in any other way.

The foregoing are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the technical field, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, makes any form of equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention, which does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention. The content still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A low-temperature refrigeration storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy, characterized in that it includes a compressor (1), a condenser (2), a liquid storage tank (3), an intercooler (4), an evaporator (5), Cooler (6), first adsorption bed (101), second adsorption bed (102), cold storage adsorption bed (11); the compressor (1) is sequentially connected to the condenser (2), liquid storage tank (3 ), an intercooler (4); the intercooler (4) is provided with multiple inlets and outlets, respectively connected to the compressor (1), evaporator (5) and cooler (6); The evaporator (5) and cooler (6) are respectively connected to the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102), and the cold storage adsorption bed (11), and a plurality of four-way connections are arranged on the connecting pipes valve or three-way valve; through the action of the four-way valve or three-way valve, the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102), and the cold storage adsorption bed (11) are switched between adsorption and desorption to achieve daytime refrigeration and cold storage, cooling operation at night, in the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102), the cold storage adsorption bed (11) and the condenser (2) are equipped with heat exchange for cooling water and hot water circulation The inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchange tubes are connected to the reservoir, and the reservoir is connected to the solar collector; The system is also provided with a third four-way valve (73), the first interface of which is connected to the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the first adsorption bed (101), and the second interface is connected to the outlet of the refrigerant in the second adsorption bed (102). The inlet and outlet, the third interface is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler (6), the fourth interface is connected to the refrigerant pipeline of the first refrigeration valve (81), and the first refrigeration valve (81) is connected to the evaporator (5); The system is also provided with a three-way valve (9), the first port of which is connected to the cold storage adsorption bed (11), the second port is connected to the cooler (6), and the third port is connected to the evaporator (5); The system operates in two working modes: daytime cooling/cooling storage and night cooling release. The daytime cooling/cooling storage mode uses solar energy to make the first adsorption bed (101) and the second adsorption bed (102) work alternately to achieve refrigeration, while cold storage and adsorption The bed (11) undergoes a desorption reaction under the suction regulation of the compressor (1), and the desorbed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor (1) and enters the condenser (2) for condensation, and finally enters the liquid storage tank (3) to complete Cold storage process: In the cooling release mode at night, the cold storage adsorption bed (11) continuously adsorbs the refrigerant, and the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator (5) to generate cold energy, thereby realizing continuous refrigeration. 2. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is also provided with a first four-way valve (71), the first interface of which is the cooling water inlet, The second interface is the hot water inlet, the third interface is connected to the inlet end of the internal heat exchange tube of the first adsorption bed (101), and the fourth interface is connected to the inlet end of the internal heat exchange tube of the second adsorption bed (102). 3. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is also provided with a second four-way valve (72), the first interface of which is a hot water outlet, The second interface is the cooling water outlet, the third interface is connected to the outlet end of the internal heat exchange tube of the first adsorption bed (101), and the fourth interface is connected to the outlet end of the internal heat exchange tube of the second adsorption bed (102). 4. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the connecting pipeline between the intercooler (4) and the evaporator (5) is provided with a first expansion valve (83), A second expansion valve (84) is connected in parallel on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage tank (3) and the intercooler (4). 5. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system for efficient utilization of solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the intercooler (4) is provided with four fluid inlets and outlets, which are respectively: and the cooler (6) The first refrigerant inlet (41) communicated with the liquid storage tank (3), the second refrigerant inlet (42) communicated with the compressor (1), the first refrigerant outlet (43) communicated with the compressor (1), and the evaporator ( 5) The connected second refrigerant outlet (44). 6. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange tubes inside the first adsorption bed (101) and the second adsorption bed (102) pass through the first The four-way valve (71) and the second four-way valve (72) are connected to cooling water and hot water; The heat exchange tube inside the cold storage adsorption bed (11) is connected to cooling water or hot water; The heat exchange pipes in the condenser (2) are connected with the cooling water pipes. 7. A low-temperature refrigeration storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102) and the cold storage adsorption bed (11) Both are filled with strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia. 8. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the system operates in two working modes: cooling/cooling storage during the day and cooling release at night. The schema has the following connections: The first type of daytime refrigeration/cooling storage mode has two operation modes of cooling and cold storage: daytime cooling operation mode: the first adsorption bed (101) is in the adsorption state, the second adsorption bed (102) is in the desorption state, and the first adsorption bed ( 101) The refrigerant inlet and outlet are connected to the outlet of the evaporator (5) through the third four-way valve (73), and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed (102) are connected to the cooler (6) through the third four-way valve (73). ) inlet, the refrigerant outlet of the cooler (6) is connected with the first refrigerant inlet (41) of the intercooler (4), and the first refrigerant outlet (43) of the intercooler (4) is connected with the compressor (1) The refrigerant inlet is connected; the compressor (1) refrigerant outlet is connected to the condenser (2) refrigerant inlet, and the condenser (2) refrigerant outlet is connected to the liquid storage tank (3) refrigerant inlet, The refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank (3) is connected to the second refrigerant inlet (42) of the intercooler (4), and the second refrigerant outlet (44) of the intercooler (4) passes through the first expansion valve (83 ) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (5), and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (5) is connected to the third four-way valve (73) through the first refrigerant valve (81) and connected to the adsorption bed (101); Switch the third four-way valve (73), adjust the first adsorption bed (101) in the desorption state, the second adsorption bed (102) in the adsorption state, and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed (101) pass through the third four-way valve (73) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler (6), and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed (102) is connected to the outlet of the evaporator (5) through the third four-way valve (73); Daytime cold storage operation mode: the refrigerant outlet of the cold storage adsorption bed (11) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the cooler (6) through the three-way valve (9) and the third four-way valve (73), and the refrigerant outlet of the cooler (6) It is connected with the first refrigerant inlet (41) of the intercooler (4); the first refrigerant outlet (43) of the intercooler (4) is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the compressor (1), and the compressor (1 ) The refrigerant outlet is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser (2), and the refrigerant outlet of the condenser (2) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (3); The second cooling operation mode at night: the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank (3) is connected to the second refrigerant inlet (42) of the intercooler (4), and the second refrigerant outlet of the intercooler (4) ( 44) Connect to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (5) through the first expansion valve (83). 9. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold storage system that efficiently utilizes solar energy according to claim 8, characterized in that the refrigerant flowing out from the liquid storage tank (3) passes through the intercooler (4) and the first expansion valve (83) Entering the evaporator (5), the refrigerant after evaporating and absorbing heat returns to the cold storage adsorption bed (11) through the three-way valve (9), and is adsorbed by the adsorption bed to realize continuous refrigeration.

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