CN113125967B - Lithium battery SOE calculation method based on temperature rise prediction - Google Patents
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium battery SOE calculation method based on temperature rise prediction, which comprises the steps of obtaining a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of temperature, residual capacity and discharge energy of a lithium battery; acquiring an OCV curve of a lithium battery; obtaining total energy of battery discharge through an OCV curve, calculating to obtain a one-dimensional table T-b of temperature and discharge efficiency, and further obtaining battery discharge energy efficiency b at different temperatures; obtaining the residual discharge energy W of the battery according to the temperature, the residual capacity and the two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the discharge energy; calculating SOE according to the battery discharge energy efficiency b and the residual discharge energy w; according to the invention, the latest temperature change rate a is continuously calculated through the latest data acquired by the BMS, then the predicted temperature T is re-estimated according to the latest temperature change rate a, the predicted temperature T is enabled to be continuously approximate to the actual temperature Treal at the moment T through iteration of the whole process, and finally the problem of calculation difference of the electric quantity which cannot be released at the low temperature of the battery caused by battery temperature rise can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy automobile battery management systems, and particularly relates to the field of a lithium battery SOE (state of charge) calculation method based on a low-temperature environment.
Background
The battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is taken as one of the core components of the electric automobile, is always the focus of the research and development of the electric automobile, SOC, SOH, SOP and SOE are the most critical parameters of the BMS, in the running process of the automobile, the lithium battery performs complex chemical reaction, the relation parameters such as SOC, SOH, SOP and SOE cannot be directly obtained, and only the battery voltage and the battery temperature can be collected through the BMS, and the indirect estimation can be performed through a lithium battery model and an estimation algorithm; the SOE is similar to the residual oil quantity in the fuel vehicle, is a key for mileage calculation, and can effectively provide a reliable reference for the travel of a terminal user, so that the user experience is improved; however, since the internal resistance and polarization of the lithium battery are increased by several times in a low temperature environment, the battery is more likely to reach a cut-off voltage in a low temperature environment. So in low temperature environment soe=battery residual capacity-battery low temperature unable to discharge capacity, battery low temperature unable to discharge capacity along with battery actual temperature change in the running process of electric vehicle, battery low temperature unable to discharge capacity depend on discharge ending temperature; and the lithium battery can perform chemical reaction and generate heat in the discharging process, so that the lithium battery has obvious temperature rise in the discharging process, and the electric quantity which cannot be released at the low temperature of the battery can be calculated through the existing temperature, and the electric quantity which cannot be released at the low temperature of the battery can be calculated through the temperature when the discharging is finished can be greatly different.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the electric quantity can not be released at low temperature of the calculated battery, the invention realizes the aim by the following technical scheme:
a lithium battery SOE calculation method based on temperature rise prediction comprises
S1, acquiring a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of a lithium battery;
s2, acquiring an OCV curve of the lithium battery;
s3, obtaining total energy of battery discharge through an OCV curve, calculating a one-dimensional table T-b of temperature and discharge efficiency, and further obtaining discharge efficiency b at different temperatures;
s4, searching a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of the lithium battery according to the obtained predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q to obtain the discharge energy W, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-on initialization state, acquiring the residual capacity at the initial moment of discharge as Q1 and the temperature as T1, if the current lithium battery state is the power-on state, entering S42, otherwise entering S43;
s42, obtaining a temperature change rate a1 of the discharge, calculating a predicted temperature T in an initial state by using t=a1×q1+t1, at this time, the real-time residual capacity q=q1, and the real-time temperature tcur=t1, and then entering S47;
wherein, the temperature change rate a1= (battery end temperature Ta-battery start temperature Ts)/discharge total capacity Qa of the discharge in S42;
s43, storing the residual capacity q2=q1 of the intermediate variable, the temperature of the intermediate variable is t2=t1, and simultaneously obtaining the residual capacity Q3 and the temperature T3 in the discharging process;
s44, judging whether the constraint conditions are met between the T3 and the T2, if the temperature change meets the constraint conditions, entering S45, otherwise entering S46;
wherein the constraint is T3-T2> =Δt;
s45, updating and calculating a corresponding temperature change rate a2, simultaneously updating a predicted temperature T, simultaneously updating an intermediate residual capacity Q2=Q 3 and an intermediate variable temperature T2=T3, and then entering S47;
wherein a2= (T2-T3)/(Q2-Q3) ×λ+a2 (1- λ), λ being a first-order lag filter coefficient; t= (a2×q3+t2) ×λ1+t×1- λ1, λ1 being a first-order lag filter coefficient;
s46, keeping the predicted temperature T unchanged, at this time, the real-time residual capacity q=q3, the real-time temperature tcur=t3, and then entering S47;
s47, obtaining the predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q under different conditions, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-down state, if so, stopping the cycle, otherwise, continuously cycling the steps;
s48, searching a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of the lithium battery according to the obtained predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q to obtain the discharge energy W;
and S5, calculating SOE according to the discharge efficiency b and the discharge energy W, wherein SOE=the discharge efficiency b is the discharge energy W.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, the latest temperature change rate a is continuously calculated through the latest data acquired by the BMS, then the predicted temperature T is estimated again according to the latest temperature change rate a, the predicted temperature T is enabled to be continuously approximate to the actual temperature Treal at the moment T through iteration of the whole process, and finally the problem of calculation difference of the electric quantity which cannot be released at the low temperature of the battery caused by battery temperature rise can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steps of a SOE calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of SOE accuracy testing of a vehicle in a cryogenic environment;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
The method for calculating SOE of the lithium battery based on temperature rise prediction comprises the steps of calculating the temperature at the discharge cut-off time through temperature rise prediction, and recalculating SOE according to the temperature at the discharge cut-off time, so as to reduce SOE errors caused by temperature rise; the specific principle is as follows:
since temperature change is a slow process, the rate of temperature change is approximately the same in a short time during steady discharge conditions; therefore, the battery residual capacity q1 corresponding to the time t1 and the battery residual capacity q2 corresponding to the time t2 can be calculated through ampere-time integration of the current through the temperature at the time t1 and the temperature at the time t2 in the discharging process collected by the BMS, and the temperature change rate a= (the temperature at the time t 2-the temperature at the time t 1)/(the residual capacity q 2-the residual capacity q 1) from the time t1 to the time t 2;
assuming that the working condition at the future time is similar to the current working condition in the running process of the automobile in a short time, the rate of temperature change at the future time is approximately equal to a, and assuming that the residual capacity at the future time t is qt, the temperature=the rate of temperature change at the future time t is a (residual capacity qt-battery residual capacity q 1) +t1; the working condition of the automobile in the driving discharging process may be changed greatly, the temperature rise rate a is changed in real time, the latest data acquired by the BMS are updated into T1, T2, q1 and q2, the latest a is obtained through calculation, the predicted temperature T is estimated again according to the latest a, and the predicted temperature T is enabled to be continuously approximate to the actual temperature Treal at the moment T through iteration of the whole process;
since the discharge efficiency b at different temperatures is affected by temperature change in the discharge process, the battery is severely polarized in a low-temperature environment, the voltage of the battery is smaller, the released energy is smaller, and the temperature and the energy efficiency are positively correlated; the loss in the discharging process in a certain period of time is between the discharging energy loss corresponding to the starting temperature and the discharging energy loss corresponding to the ending temperature of the process, and then the loss in the discharging process in a certain period of time can be approximately equal to the average value of the discharging energy loss corresponding to the starting temperature and the discharging energy loss corresponding to the ending temperature; the temperature rise in the discharging process of the lithium battery is closely related to parameters such as specific heat capacity, ambient temperature, PACK temperature, internal resistance of PACK, PACK current, residual capacity and the like of the lithium battery; the BMS can measure the PACK temperature and the present current through the sensors, and can estimate the remaining capacity through ampere-hour integration of the current.
SOE calculation method: testing the discharge energy of the battery under different temperature stable working conditions, and making the tested data into a two-dimensional table of temperature, residual capacity and SOE; and searching a two-dimensional table of the temperature, the SOC and the SOE according to the predicted temperature T and the residual capacity Q, and performing bilinear interpolation to obtain the SOE.
The specific operation is as follows:
1. performing calibration data testing
S1, acquiring a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of a lithium battery;
first, the discharge total capacity Qa and the discharge energy W1 of the 0.33C current discharge at a certain temperature Tn are tested, at which time the discharge temperature change rate a1= (battery end temperature Ta-battery start temperature Ts)/discharge total capacity Qa during the discharge of 0.33C;
then, the temperature Tn is regulated, and three tables are obtained, namely a one-dimensional table T-Q of the temperature and the total discharge capacity, a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature and the residual capacity and the discharge energy, and a one-dimensional table T-a of the temperature change rate;
(1) Discharging to a discharge cut-off voltage at 1/3C (A) under room temperature conditions;
(2) Standing for not less than 30min or enterprise specified standing time (not more than 60 min) at room temperature;
(3) Under the room temperature condition, the lithium ion storage battery is charged by a constant current of 1/3C (A) battery to the charging termination voltage regulated by enterprises, and is charged by a constant voltage until the charging termination current is reduced to 0.05C (A), and the lithium ion storage battery is kept stand for 1 hour after being charged (or kept stand for not higher than 1 hour regulated by enterprises);
(4) At the temperature to be tested, standing the battery for not less than 1 hour (ternary battery for 1 hour and iron lithium battery for 2 hours) until the battery temperature reaches the temperature to be tested;
(5) Discharging to a discharge cut-off voltage at a current of 1/3C (A) at a temperature to be tested;
(6) The battery start temperature T, the battery end temperature T, the total discharge capacity Q (in AH) and the discharge energy W1 (in WH) are recorded (5).
S2, acquiring an OCV curve of the lithium battery, namely testing the OCV curve of 0.33C current discharge at the temperature T3; (1) Discharging to a discharge cut-off voltage at 1/3C (A) under room temperature conditions;
(2) Under the condition of room temperature, the standing time is not less than 30min or the standing time (not more than 60 min) regulated by enterprises;
(3) Under the room temperature condition, the lithium ion storage battery is charged by a constant current of 1/3C (A) battery to the charging termination voltage regulated by enterprises, and is charged by a constant voltage until the charging termination current is reduced to 0.05C (A), and the lithium ion storage battery is kept stand for 1 hour after being charged (or kept stand for not higher than 1 hour regulated by enterprises);
(4) At the temperature to be tested, standing the battery for not less than 1 hour (ternary battery for 1 hour and iron lithium battery for 2 hours) until the battery temperature reaches the temperature to be tested;
(5) Discharging at the temperature to be tested with the current of 1/3C (A), wherein the capacity of the battery at the current temperature is 5% of that of the battery at each discharge, standing for not less than 1 hour (three-element battery 1 hour and iron lithium battery 2 hours), and recording the current OCV;
(6) The correspondence of SOC to OCV and total discharge capacity (in AH) were calculated and recorded.
S3, obtaining total energy of battery discharge through an OCV curve, calculating a one-dimensional table T-b of temperature and discharge efficiency, and further obtaining discharge efficiency b at different temperatures;
multiplying the discharge current of the battery under the condition of temperature Tn by the OCV obtained in S2, and then integrating to obtain the total discharge energy W2 of the battery; then according to the temperature point of S1, calculating a one-dimensional table T-b of the temperature and the discharge efficiency; wherein discharge efficiency b=discharge energy W1/total battery discharge energy W2 at different temperatures; the discharge efficiency b (the initial temperature corresponds to the discharge energy efficiency + the end temperature corresponds to the discharge energy efficiency)/2 in the discharge process;
2. performing specific algorithm calculation
S41, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-on initialization state, acquiring the residual capacity at the initial moment of discharge as Q1 and the temperature as T1, if the current lithium battery state is the power-on state, entering S42, otherwise entering S43;
s42, obtaining a temperature change rate a1 of discharge, wherein the temperature change rate a1 of discharge= (battery end temperature Ta-battery start temperature Ts)/total discharge capacity Qa, and calculating a predicted temperature T in an initial state, and the predicted temperature t=a1×q1+t1 in the initial state; at this time, the real-time remaining capacity q=q1, the real-time temperature tcur=t1, and then S47 is entered;
s43, storing the residual capacity q2=q1 of the intermediate variable, the temperature of the intermediate variable is t2=t1, and simultaneously obtaining the residual capacity Q3 and the temperature T3 in the discharging process;
s44, judging whether the constraint condition is met between T3 and T2, namely, entering S45 when the temperature changes T3-T2> =DeltaT, otherwise entering S46;
s45, updating and calculating a corresponding temperature change rate a2, and performing filtering treatment, wherein lambda is a first-order lag filter coefficient, the temperature change rate a 2= (T2-T3)/(Q2-Q3) lambda+a2 (1-lambda), and simultaneously updating a predicted temperature T, wherein the predicted temperature T= (a2-Q3+T2) lambda 1+T (1-lambda 1), and lambda 1 is a first-order lag filter coefficient; updating the intermediate residual capacity q2=q3, the intermediate variable temperature is t2=t3, and then proceeding to S47;
s46, keeping the predicted temperature T unchanged, at this time, the real-time residual capacity q=q3, the real-time temperature tcur=t3, and then entering S47;
s47, calculating SOE at the initial moment of discharge, and then entering S48;
the predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q obtained in the steps under different conditions are searched for a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of temperature, residual capacity and discharge energy, and then bilinear difference is carried out to obtain the discharge energy W of the battery at the predicted temperature T;
the discharge efficiency b is obtained by combining the obtained predicted temperature T with the temperature and the discharge efficiency one-dimensional table T-b in the step S3;
then, respectively obtaining discharge efficiency b and discharge energy W, and carrying SOE=discharge initial time SOE=discharge efficiency b, and calculating the discharge energy W to obtain SOE;
s48, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-down state, if so, stopping the cycle, otherwise, continuously cycling the steps.
The SOE precision test is carried out on a sample vehicle in a low-temperature environment as shown in FIG. 3, the sample vehicle is tested under the working condition that the speed is about 80km/h, because the speed of the whole vehicle is basically constant, the higher the positive correlation between SOE and the actual residual mileage of the sample vehicle is, the more accurate the SOE is proved, and the theoretical residual mileage calculated by the SOE is more approximate to the actual residual mileage; the SOE without temperature prediction is a problem that the calculation of the SOE at a low temperature is obviously lower when the SOE is calculated according to the real-time temperature; as shown in the test results of the sample car: the SOE obtained by calculation of the SOE with the temperature prediction is increased more accurately than the SOE obtained by calculation of the SOE without the temperature prediction.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A lithium battery SOE calculation method based on temperature rise prediction is characterized in that: s1, acquiring a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of temperature, residual capacity and discharge energy of a lithium battery;
s2, acquiring an OCV curve of the lithium battery;
s3, obtaining total energy of battery discharge through an OCV curve, calculating a one-dimensional table T-b of temperature and discharge efficiency, and further obtaining discharge efficiency b at different temperatures;
s4, searching a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of the lithium battery according to the obtained predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q to obtain the discharge energy W, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-on initialization state, acquiring the residual capacity at the initial moment of discharge as Q1 and the temperature as T1, if the current lithium battery state is the power-on state, entering S42, otherwise entering S43;
s42, obtaining a temperature change rate a1 of the discharge, calculating a predicted temperature T in an initial state by using t=a1×q1+t1, at this time, the real-time residual capacity q=q1, and the real-time temperature tcur=t1, and then entering S47;
wherein, the temperature change rate a1= (battery end temperature Ta-battery start temperature Ts)/discharge total capacity Qa of the discharge in S42;
s43, storing the residual capacity q2=q1 of the intermediate variable, the temperature of the intermediate variable is t2=t1, and simultaneously obtaining the residual capacity Q3 and the temperature T3 in the discharging process;
s44, judging whether the constraint conditions are met between the T3 and the T2, if the temperature change meets the constraint conditions, entering S45, otherwise entering S46;
wherein the constraint is T3-T2> =Δt;
s45, updating and calculating a corresponding temperature change rate a2, simultaneously updating a predicted temperature T, simultaneously updating an intermediate residual capacity Q2=Q 3 and an intermediate variable temperature T2=T3, and then entering S47;
wherein a2= (T2-T3)/(Q2-Q3) ×λ+a2 (1- λ), λ being a first-order lag filter coefficient; t= (a2×q3+t2) ×λ1+t×1- λ1, λ1 being a first-order lag filter coefficient;
s46, keeping the predicted temperature T unchanged, at this time, the real-time residual capacity q=q3, the real-time temperature tcur=t3, and then entering S47;
s47, obtaining the predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q under different conditions, judging whether the current lithium battery state is a power-down state, if so, stopping the cycle, otherwise, continuously cycling the steps;
s48, searching a two-dimensional table T-Q-W of the temperature, the residual capacity and the discharge energy of the lithium battery according to the obtained predicted temperature T and the real-time residual capacity Q to obtain the discharge energy W;
and S5, calculating SOE according to the discharge efficiency b and the discharge energy W, wherein SOE=the discharge efficiency b is the discharge energy W.
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| CN116359764A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-06-30 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Calculation method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for battery remaining charging time |
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