CN113116888B - 依布硒啉的用途 - Google Patents
依布硒啉的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113116888B CN113116888B CN202110417627.7A CN202110417627A CN113116888B CN 113116888 B CN113116888 B CN 113116888B CN 202110417627 A CN202110417627 A CN 202110417627A CN 113116888 B CN113116888 B CN 113116888B
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- ebselen
- mucopolysaccharidosis
- mps
- pharmaceutical composition
- fibroblasts
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Abstract
本发明涉及依布硒啉的用途,具体地,本发明涉及依布硒啉及其药物组合物在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体地,本发明涉及依布硒啉在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途。
背景技术
黏多糖也称糖胺聚糖(Glycosaminoglycan,简称GAG),是广泛分布于哺乳动物各种组织的由己糖醛酸和己糖胺重复二糖单位构成的长链酸性聚糖化合物,包括硫酸软骨素(Chondroitin Sulfate,CS),硫酸皮肤素(Dermatan Sulfate,DS),以及硫酸乙酰肝素(Heparan Sulfate,HS)等。GAG通常通过共价结合核心蛋白以蛋白聚糖的形式广泛的存在于细胞表面和细胞外基质,主要负责结缔组织的正确结构和功能,并往往作为共受体通过结合生长因子,细胞因子等多种蛋白,参与细胞之间的交流,帮助不同物质渗透进入各组织,以及胚胎发育和正常生理平衡等过程的调节(Ulf Lindahl, John Couchman, KojiKimata, and Jeffrey D. Esko. Chapter 17 Proteoglycans and SulfatedGlycosaminoglycans. Essentials of Glycobiology 3rd edition, 2017)。
在正常细胞中,糖胺聚糖始终保持着持续的更新,新分子不断合成的同时伴随着旧分子的降解。不同于蛋白质的合成,GAG的生物合成是不依赖于模板的,是在高尔基体内由一系列酶协调合成的。首先是糖基转移酶把特征四糖片段转移到核心蛋白的丝氨酸(Ser)上的起始过程,而后是聚合酶形成由二糖重复单元组成的骨架聚合物的延伸过程,以及最后的一系列的修饰反应过程,包括葡萄糖醛酸基C5差向异构酶(对于CS/DS为DS-epi1和DS-epi2,对于HS为HS-epi)将葡萄糖醛酸GlcA差向异构化为艾杜糖醛酸IdoA,以及随后几种硫酸转移酶的硫酸化,最终形成杂合的复杂聚合物结构(Prechoux, A., C. Halimi,J. P. Simorre, H. Lortat-Jacob, and C. Laguri. 2015. ACS Chem Biol, 10:1064-71.; Tykesson, E., A. Hassinen, K. Zielinska, M. A. Thelin, G. Frati, U.Ellervik, G. Westergren-Thorsson, A. Malmstrom, S. Kellokumpu, and M.Maccarana. 2018. J Biol Chem. 293:13725-35.)。随后这些新合成的GAG被转运到细胞表面和细胞外基质中,行使其生物学功能。而后旧分子被内吞并被转移至溶酶体内在一系列特异性酶的参与下被降解(Melani Solomon, Silvia Muro. 2017. Adv Drug DelivRev.118:109-134.)。当溶酶体中负责糖胺聚糖降解的某种酶缺失或其活性显著降低时,GAG将不会被完全降解,并会在溶酶体和细胞间隙中积累。这种溶酶体功能的不全刺激产生许多补偿过程,在这些过程耗尽后,细胞的正常功能和结构将受到破坏,并引发多系统受累,导致面容异常,骨骼畸形,行动不便,肝脾增大,身材矮小,智力低下等临床症状的出现,此即为黏多糖贮积症。
黏多糖贮积症(Mucopolysaccharidoses,又称黏多糖症,简称MPS)是一种先天性罕见的遗传病。成因为体内遗传基因细胞缺乏了能将黏多糖降解的酶,导致体内各个细胞中不能完全降解的糖胺聚糖过量堆积,影响细胞的正常功能,进而损害各个器官。根据缺乏的酶的不同所导致不同的糖胺聚糖堆积,黏多糖贮积症目前主要分为九种类型,除了II型为X连锁外,其余各型均为常染色体隐性基因遗传(Edward M. Kaye.2001. Curr TreatOptions Neurol.3(3):249-56; Carlos R Ferreira, William A Gahl. Transl SciRare Dis. 2017.2(1-2):1-71; Anthony H Futerman, Gerrit van Meer. 2004. NatRev Mol Cell Biol. 5(7):554-65.)。各型具有轻型和重型,一般发病越早,症状越重,具有逐渐发展的特征并且患者的平均存活时间仅有十二年左右。MPS的患病率约为1/10万。
I型黏多糖贮积症(MPS-I)是由细胞内参与降解糖胺聚糖的编码α-L-艾杜糖醛酸酶(IDUA)的基因突变引起的(Christiane S Hampe, Julie B Eisengar, Troy C Lund,Paul J Orchard, Monika Swietlicka, Jacob Wesley, R Scott McIvor. 2020. Cells.9(8):1838)。 由于缺乏足够活性的IDUA,结构中包含艾杜糖醛酸IdoA的包括软骨素/硫酸皮肤素(CS/DS)和硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)在内的糖胺聚糖就会在溶酶体和细胞外基质(ECM)中积累,从而导致许多器官的功能受损,包括骨骼发育不正常,面容粗陋,呼吸道变窄伴随分泌物增多,肝脾增大,以及智力低下等。尽管MPS-I是一种罕见疾病,但遗传缺陷影响儿童,给家庭和社会造成巨大的负担。
直到现在,所有黏多糖贮积症都只能对症治疗,尽管它可以在一定程度上改善患者的生活舒适性,但都不是非常有效。针对MPS-I,临床上使用的治疗方法包括对症治疗,骨髓/造血干细胞移植和酶替代治疗。对症治疗主要通过外科手术干预譬如扁桃体和腺体切除减轻呼吸道梗阻,物理治疗和康复锻炼一定程度上改善关节僵硬等,但都只能短期缓解临床症状。为了将产生缺乏酶的细胞引入患体内,人们曾对骨髓移植寄予了厚望。然而,这种方法被证明不是很有效,同时还带来了更高的并发症风险(Schiffmann andBrady.2002. Drugs. 2002;62(5):733-42)。近年来,基于静脉内注射缺乏的重组α-L-艾杜糖酸酶,使得I型黏多糖贮积症的酶替代治疗成为可能(Emil D Kakkis. 2002. ExpertOpin Investig Drugs. 11(5):675-85.)。尽管临床研究表明这种治疗方法对大多数器官都有很高的疗效,然而也存在几个缺点。首先在包括大脑和心血管系统在内的某些器官中的作用有限。由于大分子酶难以透过血脑屏障,中枢神经系统的机能障碍仍然存在,因此对于MPS-I患者(尤其是MPS-IH型患者)在智力改善方面的获益性不是很大。此外,对MPS-I患者采用酶替代疗法,将活性酶注入患者体内,还具有潜在的免疫反应风险(Chen, H. H.,K. Sawamoto, R. W. Mason, H. Kobayashi, S. Yamaguchi, Y. Suzuki, K. Orii, T.Orii, and S. Tomatsu. 2019. J Hum Genet. 64: 1153-71.)。目前MPS-I的治疗在国际上已有Aldurazyme酶替代疗法上市,可改善患者部分症状,同时2020年MPS-I型特异性长期酶替代疗法Genzyme公司注射用拉罗尼酶浓溶液(商品名:艾尔赞)在中国获批上市,用于治疗疾病的非神经系统表现。同时由于酶生产的高成本,治疗非常较为昂贵,一般家庭难以承受。 因此,开发出更便宜且易于使用的药物用于所有的MPS-I患者是未被满足的临床需求。
通过抑制在黏多糖贮积症患者体内因相关酶缺陷导致的不能被降解的糖胺聚糖底物的底物减少治疗(Substrate Reduction Therapy, SRT)可能是取代酶替代疗法用于黏多糖贮积症的另一种有效治疗手段(G Wegrzyn, A Wegrzyn, A Tylki-Szymańska.2004. Med Hypotheses. 62(6):986-92.)。底物减少治疗法SRT已在部分溶酶体贮积症的治疗中用于临床试验(Maria Francisca Coutinho, Juliana Inês Santos, SandraAlves. 2016. Int J Mol Sci. 17(7):1065)并且已在有关MPS-IIIa小鼠的杂交实验中通过减少HS的合成得到概念性验证:通过靶向抑制HS合成酶单独或者联合酶替代疗法能够使黏多糖贮积症患者获益。(Lamanna, W. C., R. Lawrence, S. Sarrazin, C. Lameda-Diaz, P. L. Gordts, K. W. Moremen, and J. D. Esko. 2012. J Biol Chem. 287:36283-90.)。对于MPS-I,已发现罗丹明B,通过降低GAG的生物合成而在MPS-I患者体内发现一定的药效 (Derrick-Roberts, A. L. K., M. R. Jackson, C. E. Pyragius, and S.Byers. 2017. Diseases. 5(1):5.)。
依布硒啉(Ebselen,2-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one)是一种合成药物,据报道靶向多种生物途径,包括抗氧化和抗炎活性,并且可通过血脑屏障(Azad, G.K., and R. S. Tomar. 2014. Mol Biol Rep. 41: 4865-79.)。正在进行用于美尼尔病(Meniere's disease)的临床试验。同时最近的一项研究提出依布硒啉因其具有抑制主要SARS-CoV-2蛋白酶Mpro的活性而用于作为治疗COVID-19的先导化合物(Sies, H., and M.J. Parnham. 2020. Free Radic Biol Med. 156: 107-12.)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供治疗I型黏多糖贮积症(MPS-I)的替代疗法。
一方面,本发明提供了依布硒啉在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途。
在具体实施方式中,依布硒啉通过抑制糖胺聚糖合成有关差向异构酶HS-epi和DS-epi1的活性以治疗I型黏多糖贮积症。
在具体实施方式中,依布硒啉通过抑制成纤维细胞中艾杜糖醛酸的产生以治疗I型黏多糖贮积症。
另一方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的依布硒啉作为活性成分,及任选地药学上可接受的辅料。
在具体实施方式中,所述药物组合物的提供形式可以为固体、半固体或液体的形式,例如可以为水溶液、非水溶液、混悬液、锭剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂和散剂等,但不限于此。
在具体实施方式中,所述药物组合物的提供形式为片剂或口服液形式。
所述药学上可接受的辅料例如可以选自赋形剂、填充剂、稀释剂、表面活性剂、粘合剂、抗氧剂、防腐剂、矫味剂、甜味剂、风味剂、香精、吸附剂、润滑剂、包衣剂、缓释剂、促进剂、推进剂、着色剂、颜料、染料等。
再一方面,本发明提供一种用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的依布硒啉作为活性成分,及任选地药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的药物组合物可以为本领域常规的各种剂型,例如固体、半固体或液体的形式,可以为水溶液、非水溶液、混悬液、锭剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂和散剂等。所述药物的给药途径可以为注射给药或口服给药。所述注射给药可以包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、腹腔注射、皮内注射或皮下注射等途径。
所述药学上可接受的辅料例如可以选自赋形剂、填充剂、稀释剂、表面活性剂、粘合剂、抗氧剂、防腐剂、矫味剂、甜味剂、风味剂、香精、吸附剂、润滑剂、包衣剂、缓释剂、促进剂、推进剂、着色剂、颜料、染料等。
有益效果
本发明首次提出使用依布硒啉来治疗MPS-I,并通过实验确认了依布硒啉在治疗MPS-I中的作用机理及效果,从而为MPS-I的治疗提供了一种新的可能药物,其可以克服现有的MPS-I诸多疗法中存在的各种缺陷。
附图说明
图1示出依布硒啉的化学结构。
图2示出依布硒啉对GAG合成有关差向异构酶HS-epi和DS-epi1的活性影响。
图3A-B示出依布硒啉抑制DS-epi1酶活性的作用机制。
图4示出依布硒啉对正常人和MPS-I患者成纤维细胞中CS/DS结构中艾杜糖醛酸形成的影响。
图5示出依布硒啉对MPS-I患者成纤维细胞中CS/DS累积总量的影响。
图6A-B示出依布硒啉对MPS-I患者成纤维细胞中GAG分解代谢的影响。
图7A、B、C、C’、D、D’示出依布硒啉对非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的影响。其中,在图C’和D’中,br:分支弓;ey:眼;hy:舌骨弓;ma:下颌弓。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来阐释本发明,然而这些实施例并不用限制本发明的范围。
术语
本文中所用的“治疗有效量”是指本发明药物的施用量应足以达到预期目的,例如在本申请中,可以有效抑制差向异构酶HS-epi和DS-epi1的活性的量。
本文中所用的“药学上可接受的辅料”可以指与本申请的药物依布硒啉相容的任何药用辅料。其包括但不限于生物相容性赋形剂、稀释剂和载体,这些辅料的使用不应对哺乳动物产生不良的生理作用。
此外,本文中所提及的药物的具体给药形式,包括水溶液、非水溶液、混悬液、锭剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、颗粒剂、丸剂和散剂等,可通过本领域公知的或本领域的技术人员所熟知的制剂方法制备。
本发明实施中使用的主要试剂和设备:
依布硒啉购自Sigma,并在DMSO中配制成50 mM存贮溶液。35S硫酸钠(1500 Ci/mmol)购自PerkinElmer。无硫酸盐DMEM(AS31600产品目录号074-91083P)购自Gibco。Superose 6 10/300,Superdex Peptide 10/300,PD-10柱、Sephadex G-25、DEAE-Sephacel均来自Cytiva。
重组酶:
重组酶DS-epi1(截短的氨基酸23-775-HIS)根据文献报道方法进行制备(Tykesson, E., Y. Mao, M. Maccarana, Y. Pu, J. Gao, C. Lin, J. Zaia, G.Westergren-Thorsson, U. Ellervik, L. Malmstrom, and A. Malmstrom. 2016. ChemSci. 7: 1447-56.),而重组酶Hsepi(GLCE)则通过将全长人HS-epi克隆到pPICZa表达载体(Invitrogen)中,在毕赤酵母培养基中获得融合蛋白-myc-HIS,并将培养基浓缩并透析到活性检测缓冲液中而进行制备。
实施例1:依布硒啉抑制GAG合成差向异构酶HS-epi和DS-epi1的活性
酶活性测试:
DS-epi1的活性在100µl的缓冲液(20 mM MES,pH 5.5,10%甘油,2 mM MnCl2)中测定,使用30000 dpm的底物[5-3H]dK4(根据(Hannesson, H. H., A. Hagner-McWhirter,K. Tiedemann, U. Lindahl, and A. Malmstrom. 1996. Biochem J, 313 ( Pt 2):589-96.)制备底物,测试方法改编自(Maccarana, M., B. Olander, J. Malmstrom, K.Tiedemann, R. Aebersold, U. Lindahl, J. P. Li, and A. Malmstrom. 2006. J BiolChem. 281: 11560-8.))。在37℃下孵育16-20小时后,将90µl混合物添加到含有5 ml双相闪烁液中(三体积INSTA-FLUOR PLUS(Perkin Elmer 6013167)加一体积异戊醇)的闪烁管中(Campbell, P., H. H. Hannesson, D. Sandback, L. Roden, U. Lindahl, and J.P. Li. 1994. J Biol Chem. 269: 26953-8)。在闪烁计数放射活性之前,将小瓶旋转30秒并平衡至少6小时。背景≤200dpm。
HS-epi的活性测试则在50µl的含有25 mM Hepes pH 7.0,BSA 100μg/ml,100 mMKCl,1 mM CaCl2的测试液中,使用30000 dpm的[5-3H]-N-硫酸化K5多糖作为底物根据(Campbell, P., H. H. Hannesson, D. Sandback, L. Roden, U. Lindahl, and J. P.Li. 1994. J Biol Chem. 269: 26953-8.)修改的测定方法和根据(Hagner-Mcwhirter,A., U. Lindahl, and Jp Li. 2000. Biochem J. 347 Pt 1: 69-75)略微修改的方法制备的底物,其中,脱乙酰化不是通过肼而是通过碱处理(将标记的K5多糖用2M NaOH在60℃下反应16小时)进行的。在37℃下培养16-20小时后,将45µl培养混合物与5 ml双相闪烁液混合,并同DS-epi1活性测试那样测试计数。
结果:
对纯化的重组酶的抑制活性的药理学测试显示,依布硒啉(结构参见图1)对GAG合成差向异构酶具有很强的抑制活性,对DS-epi1(CS/DS合成的差向异构酶)的IC50为7.0µM,而对HS-epi(HS合成的差向异构酶)的IC50为0.8µM(图2)。
因此,依布硒啉特异性地抑制两种酶(DS-epi1和HS-epi),这两种酶在CS/DS和HS的艾杜糖醛酸生物合成中具有关键功能。
为进一步研究依布硒啉的酶活抑制作用机制,将重组DS-epi1与依布硒啉(100μM或1mM)孵育1小时,然后用酶测试缓冲液透析。将透析后的酶与底物孵育进行活性测试表明,在浓度为1 mM的依布硒啉同酶孵育后未检测到差向异构酶活性,而在浓度为100µM同酶孵育后尚保留有痕量活性(图3A),表明依布硒啉对DS-epi1酶具有不可逆抑制。
依布硒啉与不同浓度多糖底物孵育后获得的动力学分析(Lineaweaver-Burk图)结果表明,依布硒啉是非竞争性抑制的作用模式(图3B)。
结果表明依布硒啉是DS-epi1不可逆的非竞争性抑制剂。
实施例2:依布硒啉体外对MPS-I成纤维细胞合成和分解代谢GAG的影响
细胞培养:
来源于一位1岁MPS-I患者以及一位健康的年龄匹配供者的原代人皮肤成纤维细胞购自“来源于受遗传病影响患者的细胞系和DNA生物库” (意大利热那瓦Gaslini研究所)。MPS-I成纤维细胞在艾杜糖醛酸酶(iduronidase)基因中具有终止密码子pW402X,该突变最常见的MPS-I变体(全球31%)(Kubaski, F., F. de et al. 2020. Diagnostics(Basel), 10.)。用荧光底物4-甲基伞形烯基-α-L-艾杜糖基(Ou等人2014)检测成纤维细胞裂解液(Ou, L., T. L. Herzog, C. M. Wilmot, and C. B. Whitley. 2014. Mol GenetMetab, 111: 113-5.)表明,艾杜糖醛酸酶活性显著降低(pW402X MPS-I成纤维细胞中比对照成纤维细胞中减少5000倍)。成纤维细胞在DMEM、10%胎牛血清(FBS)、100单位/毫升青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素中培养。
定量检测CS/DS中艾杜糖醛酸含量:
检测方法基于(Stachtea, X. N., E. Tykesson, et al. 2015. PLoS One, 10:e0140279.)稍作修改。将细胞收集和培养在DMEM培养基中,第二天,长至90%左右汇合度后,将培养基换成无硫酸盐的DMEM,10%FBS,10单位/ mL青霉素和10μg/ mL链霉素,并添加100µCi / ml 35S-硫酸盐和依布硒啉。继续培养24小时后,回收培养基并在6M尿素存在下通过DEAE柱层析纯化分泌至培养基中的新合成的蛋白聚糖(PGs)。将洗脱的PG脱盐,并用Pronase酶消化除去蛋白,然后在pH 1.5下对硫酸乙酰肝素HS进行脱氨基裂解。再次上Superose 6纯化,除去降解的HS二糖,并最终获得CS / DS。纯化后的CS / DS的纯度通过硫酸软骨素酶ABC(Sigma C3667)的酶解测试加以验证。最后,CS / DS在20 mM Hepes,pH7.2、50 mM NaCl,4 mM CaCl2和0.1 mg / ml BSA缓冲液中利用硫酸软骨素酶B(R&Dsystem; 2 mIU /孵育)在37℃下酶解2小时。硫酸软骨素酶B仅特异性裂解艾杜糖酸〜N-乙酰半乳糖胺键,裂解产物进一步利用Superdex Peptide层析柱分离,最终计算出艾杜糖酸占总艾杜糖酸+葡萄糖醛酸的百分比%。
定量检测未标记细胞的GAG含量:
在依布硒啉存在下,从10%汇合度开始,在12孔培养板中培养对照和MPS-I成纤维细胞,每隔一天更换培养基,共培养10天。然后将细胞用胰酶消化,用PBS洗涤后将细胞用100 µl 20 mM MES pH 6.5、150 mM NaCl和0.1%Triton裂解液裂解。离心后,上清通过Bradford法(Bio-Rad)测定蛋白浓度,并根据(Stachtea, X. N., E. Tykesson, et al.2015. PLoS One, 10: e0140279.)纯化和定量GAG。简而言之,蛋白和DNA分别利用链霉蛋白酶Pronse以及DNAS酶降解后,利用DEAE纯化获得GAG。CS / DS和HS分别通过软骨素酶ABC(Sigma C3667)或肝素酶I、II和III的混合物酶解而被定量消化成二糖。而后二糖利用2-氨基吖啶酮进行荧光标记,并通过HPLC分离定量。CS / DS或HS的定量通过将所有已知的二糖峰的量与已知重量的标准二糖(Iduron,英国)产生的峰比较分析确定。
通过脉冲追踪实验对35S标记的GAG进行定量:
将T75培养瓶中的对照和MPS-I成纤维细胞在包含10%FBS,10单位/ mL青霉素和10μg/ mL链霉素的无硫酸盐的DMEM,在35S硫酸盐(100 µCi / ml)存在下培养72小时。然后,收集一份细胞用于GAG的纯化,剩下的另一份细胞则转入12孔板中,并在含有不同浓度的依布硒啉的DMEM培养基(不含35S硫酸盐)中继续培养。 每隔一天更换含依布硒啉的培养基和对照培养基。追踪八天后,将细胞用胰酶消化,用PBS洗涤,然后将收集的细胞用100 µl 20mM MES pH 6.5、150 mM NaCl,0.1%Triton裂解液裂解。通过Bradford分析定量蛋白,并通过DEAE纯化35S标记的GAG。
结果:
在体外,正常人来源的成纤维细胞,在20μM 依布硒啉存在下培养24小时,收集培养基并分离新合成和释放的CS/DS。通过对软骨素酶B降解后得到的裂解产物通过分子量大小分析对艾杜糖醛酸含量进行定量分析。在依布硒啉处理的成纤维细胞中,CS/DS中艾杜糖醛酸减少了36%(图4)。而对MPS-I患者来源的成纤维细胞(该患者缺乏溶酶体L-艾杜糖醛酸酶,该酶负责GAG降解中艾杜糖醛酸的分解代谢),在与上述相同的条件下,将MPS-I成纤维细胞暴露于40µM 依布硒啉导致CS/DS中的艾杜糖醛酸减少了39%(图4)。所以,依布硒啉能有效地抑制对照细胞和MPS-I成纤维细胞中艾杜糖醛酸的产生。
将对照和MPS-I成纤维细胞在依布硒啉存在下培养10天,并从细胞中纯化总GAG,经软骨素酶ABC或肝素酶(I + II + III)消化后,通过敏感的二糖指纹方法测定CS / DS和HS的量,可见,未处理的MPS-I成纤维细胞的总GAG和CS / DS比对照成纤维细胞高7至8倍(图5)。值得注意的是,在两种细胞类型中,CS / DS的含量都比HS高三倍,而与对照和MPS-1成纤维细胞之间的总GAG量有很大差异无关。在依布硒啉处理的MPS-I成纤维细胞中,总GAG的量以浓度依赖的方式减少。药物浓度为40 µM时,GAG降低了40%。仔细观察不同的GAG亚型,结果表明,依布硒啉治疗后CS / DS和HS的含量变化非常不同。虽然CS / DS的水平大幅下降(下降了66%),但HS含量却略有上升。相比之下,在依布硒啉处理后,对照成纤维细胞未观察到明显的CS / DS变化。观察到HS的略微增加,这导致总GAG总体上略微增加。通过表型观察和两种细胞类型的细胞增殖评估,依布硒啉在所测试的浓度下均未引起细胞毒性。实际上,在两种细胞类型的对照组和治疗组之间,没有发现回收的细胞蛋白总量的差异。总体而言,数据显示依布硒啉能够降低MPS-1成纤维细胞中CS / DS的病理累积(图5)。
应用脉冲追逐放射性标记技术,将细胞在35S硫酸盐存在下培养三天。在标记结束时收集一等份细胞,洗涤一等份细胞并传代至不含35S硫酸盐的培养基的12孔板中继续培养。在依布硒啉存在下以5-40 µM的浓度追赶8天(培养基每隔一天更换一次)后,收集细胞用于GAG分离。从标记结束时收集的细胞中分离出的总35S-硫酸盐-GAG的定量显示,与对照细胞相比,MSP-I细胞中的标记GAG略少(图6A)。这表明MSP-I细胞具有正常或略微降低的GAG合成活性。但是,追踪后对GAG的定量显示,对照细胞中35S硫酸化的GAG的量从每μg总蛋白8000 dpm降低到400 dpm(图6 A-B)。相比之下,MPS-1细胞中的标记GAG从每μg总蛋白6500 dpm降低到2200 dpm(图6 A-B)。依布硒啉处理对对照细胞没有明显影响,但导致MSP-1细胞中标记的GAG以浓度依赖的方式显著降低,在40 µM的浓度下降低41%。这些数据表明依布硒啉促进MPS-I成纤维细胞中积累的GAG分解代谢的作用。
上述结果表明,依布硒啉处理降低对照和MPS-I成纤维细胞新合成和分泌的CS/DS中艾杜糖醛酸的含量,能够降低MPS-1成纤维细胞中CS / DS的病理累积,促进MPS-I成纤维细胞中积累的GAG的分解代谢。
实施例3:依布硒啉体内对非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的影响
非洲爪蟾胚胎操纵实验:
对于体内药理抑制治疗,将胚胎从神经胚期(stage14或者st.14,第14期)开始在24孔板(每孔10-15个胚胎)中于包含0.1%BSA的0.1x改良Barth's盐水(MBS)中于17℃孵育,加了0.025%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组单独作为对照,或加入12.5 µM的依布硒啉一起使用作为给药组。按照(Pera, E. M., H. Acosta, N. Gouignard, and M. Climent. 2015. InSitu Hybridization Methods: DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2303-8)描述的方法,进行胚胎的准备,培养,并通过Red-Gal染色进行谱系追踪和原位杂交。
反义吗啉代寡核苷酸(Dse-MO)(5'-GCT CCC CGA GTG TGA GTC CTC ATT G-3',SEQ ID No.:1)和标准对照-MO(5'-CCT CTT ACC TCA GTT ACA ATT TAT A-3',SEQ IDNo.:2)购自Gene Tools LLC。为了合成nlacZ mRNA,使用mMessage Machine试剂盒(Ambion)用NotI将pCS2-nlacZ cDNA线性化并用Sp6 RNA聚合酶转录。除非另有说明,均在两个或四个细胞阶段将吗啉代寡核苷酸(MO)动物注射入所有卵裂球。每个胚胎共注射45ng MO。对于单次注射,使用125 pg nlacZ mRNA作为谱系示踪剂的MO量的四分之一。
结果:
非洲爪蟾胚胎从神经胚期开始以12.5 µM的浓度暴露于依布硒啉至第39期(st.39)会导致胚胎的头部和眼睛结构减少,黑素细胞减少以及背鳍组织丢失(图7 A和B)。神经嵴细胞不仅会促进头部的软骨和软组织并产生黑色素细胞(Mayor, R., and E.Theveneau. 2013. Development, 140: 2247-51.),而且还会诱导并形成背鳍(Tucker,A. S., and J. M. Slack. 2004. Dev Dyn, 230: 461-7.)。因此,假设依布硒啉可能会抑制神经嵴细胞的发育。使用针对Twist的反义RNA探针进行的原位杂交显示神经嵴干细胞(CNC)在胚胎尾部发育阶段第27期(st.27)在胚胎头部的四个不同流(下颌骨,舌骨,前,后分支弓)的腹侧迁移(图7 C和C')。值得注意的是,依布硒啉不会影响表达Twist的CNC细胞的形成,但会抑制其腹侧迁移(图7 D和D')。依布硒啉导致下颌CNC细胞保留在眼底背侧,并防止舌骨和鳃弓CNC细胞离开其在神经板边界处的原发部位。依布硒啉的这种效果与Dse的敲除引起的表型惊人地相似(Gouignard等人2016)。非洲爪蟾的Dse基因,在包括促进神经嵴细胞发育早期胚胎中表现出独特的表达区域(Gouignard, N., T. Schon, et al.2018. PLoS One, 13: e0191751.)。依布硒啉处理与Dse-MO注射的表型相似印证了DS-epi1在神经嵴细胞发育中的重要功能。药物和Dse敲减均引起CNC细胞迁移缺陷的观察结果表明,依布硒啉在非洲爪蟾胚胎中充当硫酸皮肤素差向异构酶活性的抑制剂。
依布硒啉在体内通过抑制硫酸皮肤素差向异构酶产生对非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的影响,一定程度上表明依布硒啉能在生物体内起作用。
序列表
<110> 上海兴糖生物技术有限公司
<120> 依布硒啉的新用途
<130> DI21-0296-XC03
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<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
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<223> 反义吗啉代寡核苷酸
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<220> 标准对照吗啉代寡核苷酸
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Claims (8)
1.依布硒啉在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中,依布硒啉通过抑制糖胺聚糖合成有关差向异构酶HS-epi和DS-epi1的活性以治疗I型黏多糖贮积症。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中,依布硒啉通过抑制成纤维细胞中艾杜糖醛酸的产生以治疗I型黏多糖贮积症。
4.一种药物组合物在制备用于治疗I型黏多糖贮积症的药物中的用途,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的依布硒啉作为活性成分,及任选地药学上可接受的辅料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其中,所述药物组合物的提供形式为固体、半固体或液体的形式。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中,所述药物组合物的提供形式为水溶液、非水溶液、混悬液、锭剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂或散剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中,所述药物组合物的提供形式为片剂或口服液。
8.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其中,所述药学上可接受的辅料选自赋形剂、填充剂、稀释剂、表面活性剂、粘合剂、抗氧剂、防腐剂、矫味剂、吸附剂、润滑剂、包衣剂、缓释剂、促进剂、推进剂和着色剂中的一种或多种。
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