CN113109173A - Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture - Google Patents
Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109173A CN113109173A CN202110224030.0A CN202110224030A CN113109173A CN 113109173 A CN113109173 A CN 113109173A CN 202110224030 A CN202110224030 A CN 202110224030A CN 113109173 A CN113109173 A CN 113109173A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a test device for testing shear strength aiming at frost heaving of a rock ice-containing crack, and relates to the field of rock test devices. This test device to frost heaving test shear strength of rock contains ice crack through the extension of a set of or multiunit electric push rod of single chip microcomputer control, extrudees the rock piece, because the stress point of rock piece is different, the shearing force that so received is also different, can bear the test of shearing force intensity to the rock piece equidirectional. Through water tank, cylinder cooperation, drench water slowly on the surface, the water of being convenient for permeates to the rock fast, is surveying the storehouse with the leading-in survey of air conditioning to realize the frost heaving effect. And then, by means of the capillary phenomenon, water can better permeate into the cracks and gaps of the rocks, and the frost heaving effect is prevented from being influenced by bubbles in the cracks and the gaps of the rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock test devices, in particular to a test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of an ice crack of a rock.
Background
In the process of mine construction and mineral resource exploitation, mine slope fractured rock mass in western alpine regions faces a complex freeze-thaw disaster problem for a long time due to the particularity of the environment. The fractured rock mass is a complex rock mass, the interior of the fractured rock mass is generally formed by combining rock particles, cementing materials, microcracks and the like, and the stability of the rock mass is directly influenced by the internal cracks and joint defects.
Under the long-term freeze-thaw action, fracture water in the fractured rock mass continuously undergoes water-ice phase change, and the fracture is continuously driven to expand or generate new cracks by the frost heaving force generated by the volume expansion of 9% when the water is frozen into ice.
The water inside the solid material is continuously subjected to phase change and displacement, the rock mass crack tip generates huge force under the action of the frost heaving force of ice to expand and damage, and the rock mass crack tip is repeatedly frozen and melted to generate a macrocrack. Under the action of frost heaving damage, the evolution of the crack seriously threatens the stability and safety of cold region engineering.
When water in the rock gap is frozen, the crack is enlarged, and the shear strength of the whole rock body is changed. And therefore require a correlation device to detect. If the shear strength of the rock after frost heaving is irregularly detected, the rock is stressed and cracked due to mining construction in the mining process, and mine fractured rock landslide is easy to occur, so that safety accidents are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a test device for testing the shear strength by freezing expansion of rock ice-containing cracks, and solves the problems that water exists in mine rock cracks in alpine regions in the background technology, the water freezes and expands to cause crack expansion, and safety accidents are easy to happen.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a test device to frost heaving test shear strength of rock contains ice crack, includes the bottom plate, the bottom plate top is equipped with the top ring, be connected with a plurality of connecting plates between bottom plate and the top ring, be equipped with the support between the adjacent connecting plate, be connected with toughened glass between support and the connecting plate, top ring top threaded connection has the top cap, constitutes through bottom plate, top ring, connecting plate, support, toughened glass and top cap and surveys the storehouse of examining.
Survey and test and be equipped with a plurality of electric push rods in the storehouse, a plurality of electric push rods are fixed in bottom plate inner wall bottom around axis isogonism, two liang of electric push rods are a set of, electric push rod slope is upwards, electric push rod upper end and rock piece bottom contact, the top cap bottom is equipped with the cylinder, and the cylinder supports the rock piece top, survey and test storehouse one side fixed mounting has the singlechip, and the singlechip is used for controlling each electronic component work.
Preferably, vertical decurrent straight flute is seted up to the connecting plate, and straight flute inner wall top fixed mounting has big spring, and electricity push rod expansion end cover has the stationary blade, has binded the string between every group stationary blade, the bottom plate outside pin joint has the carry over pinch rolls, and the string is connected with the steel wire, and the steel wire passes the bottom plate and bypasses the carry over pinch rolls and be connected with big spring lower extreme, the scale mark has been seted up along straight flute length direction to the connecting plate.
Preferably, the movable end of the electric push rod is connected with a touch rod, the inside of the touch rod is hollow, a first guide sheet is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the inner wall of the touch rod, a small spring is fixedly mounted on one side of the first guide sheet, a second guide sheet is fixedly mounted at one end of the small spring away from the first guide sheet, a press rod is arranged in the touch rod, the lower end of the press rod is in contact with the second guide sheet, and the upper end of the second guide sheet extends out of the touch rod.
Preferably, a water tank is arranged outside the test chamber, a piston rod is in sliding fit with the water tank, the upper end of the piston rod extends out of the water tank, a water pipe is arranged in the water tank, the upper end of the water pipe penetrates through the piston rod and extends out of the water tank, and the upper end of the water pipe penetrates through the top cover and is communicated with the cylinder.
Preferably, a water inlet is formed in the top of the cylinder and communicated with a water pipe, water outlets are formed in the periphery of the cylinder at equal angles around the axis, the water inlet is communicated with the water outlets, a thread groove is formed in the outer surface of the cylinder and located below the water outlets, a disc is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, rubber rods are arranged on the periphery of the disc, and a plurality of leakage holes are formed in the disc.
Preferably, the bottom of the bottom plate is fixedly provided with a pipeline, and the center of the bottom plate is downwards sunken.
Preferably, a cold air pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the top ring and used for guiding cold air into the testing bin.
Preferably, the upper end of the interference rod is fixedly provided with a rubber ring.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of an ice-containing crack of a rock. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. this test device to frost heaving test shear strength of rock contains ice crack through the extension of a set of or multiunit electric push rod of single chip microcomputer control, extrudees the rock piece, because the stress point of rock piece is different, the shearing force that so received is also different, can bear the test of shearing force intensity to the rock piece equidirectional. Through water tank, cylinder cooperation, drench water slowly on the surface, the water of being convenient for permeates to the rock fast, is surveying the storehouse with the leading-in survey of air conditioning to realize the frost heaving effect. And then, by means of the capillary phenomenon, water can better permeate into the cracks and gaps of the rocks, and the frost heaving effect is prevented from being influenced by bubbles in the cracks and the gaps of the rocks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1 at A according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cylindrical structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a strike bar construction of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a base plate construction of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a sectional view of the structure of the water tank of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 bottom plate, 2 top rings, 3 connecting plates, 4 supports, 41 straight grooves, 5 toughened glass, 6 singlechips, 7 top covers, 8 cylinders, 81 water inlets, 82 water outlets, 83 thread grooves, 84 disks, 841 weeping holes, 85 rubber rods, 9 electric push rods, 10 fixing pieces, 101 strings, 11 steel wires, 12 large springs, 13 cold air pipes, 14 touch rods, 141 rubber rings, 15 guide pieces I, 16 small springs, 17 guide pieces II, 18 pressing rods, 19 pipelines, 20 traction rollers, 21 water tanks, 22 water pipes and 23 piston rods.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of a rock ice-containing crack, which comprises a bottom plate 1, a top ring 2 arranged above the bottom plate 1, and a plurality of connecting plates 3 welded between the bottom plate 1 and the top ring 2, as shown in figures 1-7. A support 4 is arranged between the adjacent connecting plates 3, the lower end of the support plate 4 is welded with the bottom plate 1, and the upper end of the support plate 4 is welded with the top ring 2. Fixed mounting has toughened glass 5 between support 4 and the connecting plate 3, and 2 top threaded connection of top ring have top cap 7, constitute through bottom plate 1, top ring 2, connecting plate 3, support 4, toughened glass 5 and top cap 7 and survey the inspection storehouse.
A plurality of electric push rods 9 are fixedly installed in the testing bin, the plurality of electric push rods 9 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the bottom plate 1 around the axis at equal angles, every two electric push rods 9 form a group, and the electric push rods 9 incline upwards. The upper end of the electric push rod 9 is in contact with the bottom of the rock block, the cylinder 8 is welded at the bottom of the top cover 7, the lower end of the cylinder 8 abuts against the top of the rock block, the single chip microcomputer 6 is fixedly mounted on one side of the test bin, and the single chip microcomputer 6 is used for controlling each electronic part to work.
Each set of electric push rods 9 squeezes a region of the rock mass. And the singlechip 6 can control any one group or multiple groups of electric push rods 9 to work.
The connecting plate 3 is provided with a vertical downward straight groove 41, the top of the inner wall of the straight groove 41 is fixedly provided with a large spring 12, the movable end of the electric push rod 9 is sleeved with a fixed piece 10, and the fixed piece 10 is welded with the movable end rod body of the electric push rod 9. A string 101 is tied between each group of fixing pieces 10. The outer side of the bottom plate 1 is pivoted with a traction roller 20, the center of the thin rope 101 is fixedly bound with a steel wire 11, and the steel wire 11 passes through the bottom plate 1 and bypasses the traction roller 20 to be fixedly bound with the lower end of the large spring 12.
When the electric push rod 9 is extended to drive the fixing piece 10 to ascend, the thin rope 101 pulls the steel wire 11 to draw the big spring 12. The large spring 12 is slowly elongated.
The connecting plate 3 is provided with scale marks along the length direction of the straight groove 41. The scale mark corresponding to the lower end of the large spring 12 is used for representing the pulling force applied to the large spring 12 at the moment, so as to represent the extrusion force of the electric push rod 9 on the rock block. The reading of the tester is convenient.
The movable end of the electric push rod 9 is welded with a touch rod 14, and the inside of the touch rod 14 is hollow. The bottom of the inner wall of the touch rod 14 is fixedly provided with a first guide vane 15, one side of the first guide vane 15 is fixedly provided with a small spring 16, and one end, far away from the first guide vane 15, of the small spring 16 is fixedly provided with a second guide vane 17. The first guide sheet 15 and the second guide sheet 17 are electrically connected with the singlechip 3 through electric wires.
A pressing rod 18 is arranged in the touch rod 14, the lower end of the pressing rod 18 is in contact with the second guide sheet 17, and the upper end of the second guide sheet 17 extends out of the touch rod 14.
In operation, the contact rod 14 contacts the rock mass and the pressing rod 18 is pressed into the contact rod 14. The second guide piece 17 slides down to contact with the first guide piece 15, so that the electric circuit is closed and the small spring 16 is pressed. When the rock is cracked due to extrusion, the end part of the abutting rod 14 and the rock are loosened, so that the pressing rod 18 is jacked up by the small spring 16 when the pressing rod is loosened, the first guide vane 15 and the second guide vane 17 are separated from the circuit and disconnected, and the single chip microcomputer 3 stops the electric push rod 9 from continuing to extend after receiving a circuit disconnection signal.
A water tank 21 is arranged outside the testing bin, a piston rod 23 is arranged in the water tank 21 in a sliding fit mode, the upper end of the piston rod 23 extends out of the water tank 21, a water pipe 22 is arranged in the water tank 21, the upper end of the water pipe 22 penetrates through the piston rod 23 and extends out of the water tank 21, and the upper end of the water pipe 22 penetrates through a top cover 7 and is communicated with the cylinder 8.
The top of the cylinder 8 is provided with a water inlet 81, the water inlet 81 is communicated with the water pipe 22, and the periphery of the cylinder 8 is provided with water outlets 82 around the axis at equal angles. The water inlet 81 is communicated with the water outlet 82, and the outer surface of the cylinder 8 is provided with a thread groove 83. After being pressed into the water pipe 22, the water in the water tank 21 enters the column 8 through the water pipe 22 and flows out of the water outlet 82 of the column 8.
The thread groove 83 is located below the water outlet 82. The bottom of the cylinder 8 is welded with a disc 84, and the disc 84 is abutted against the rock block. The periphery of the disc 84 is fixedly provided with a rubber rod 85. The rubber portion 85 is bent in a claw shape to catch the rock. The disk 84 is provided with a plurality of weep holes 841. When water flows out of the water outlet 82, the water flows down along the screw groove 83. And leaks out of the leak 841, thereby slowly showering the water on the rock surface. Cracks exist on the surface of the rock, and water seeps into the cracks when flowing through the surface of the rock.
The bubbles are easy to exist in cracks and gaps in a mode of flushing and soaking by water, and are not easy to extrude. When the rock is frozen and swelled, certain space exists in the cracks and the gaps, and the force applied to the tips of the cracks and the gaps after the water is frozen is limited, so that the frozen and swelled effect is influenced. Compared with the mode of flushing or soaking with water, the mode of slowly spraying water on the surface of the rock is utilized, and the water falls on the surface of the rock due to the capillary phenomenon because of the slow water flow speed, and the water can slowly enter the depth along cracks and gaps. The water is better infiltrated into cracks and gaps of the rock. The generation of bubbles is reduced.
The bottom of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly provided with a pipeline 19, and the center of the bottom plate 1 is sunken downwards. Facilitating the flow of excess water from the test chamber.
And an air cooling pipe 13 is fixedly arranged on one side of the top ring 2, and the air cooling pipe 13 is used for guiding cold air into the testing bin. The cold air enters the testing bin to contact with the rock blocks. Water in the rock cracks is frozen into ice, so that the aim of frost heaving is fulfilled.
The rubber ring 141 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the touch bar 14, and the rubber ring is used for increasing the contact piece at the upper end of the touch bar 14, so that the friction force is improved to a certain extent. And the rubber ring has certain flexibility, so that the touch rod 14 can be attached to the surface of the rock block conveniently.
In conclusion, this test device to frost heaving test shear strength that rock contains ice crack through the extension of singlechip 6 control a set of or multiunit electric putter 9, extrudees the rock piece, because the stress point of rock piece is different, the shearing force that so received is also different, can bear the test of shearing force intensity to the rock piece equidirectional. Through the cooperation of water tank 21, cylinder 8, drench water slowly on the surface, the water of being convenient for permeates to the rock fast, is surveying the storehouse with the leading-in survey of air conditioning to realize the frost heaving effect. And then, by means of the capillary phenomenon, water can better permeate into the cracks and gaps of the rocks, and the frost heaving effect is prevented from being influenced by bubbles in the cracks and the gaps of the rocks.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110224030.0A CN113109173A (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110224030.0A CN113109173A (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture |
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| CN113109173A true CN113109173A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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| CN202110224030.0A Pending CN113109173A (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113109175A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-13 | 绍兴文理学院 | Rock stratum boundary layer multi-angle shear strength test device |
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