CN113103690A - Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113103690A CN113103690A CN202110543471.7A CN202110543471A CN113103690A CN 113103690 A CN113103690 A CN 113103690A CN 202110543471 A CN202110543471 A CN 202110543471A CN 113103690 A CN113103690 A CN 113103690A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- aluminum alloy
- plate
- aluminum
- aluminum plate
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium nickel sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015392 FeAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100434411 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) ADH1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;tetrafluoroalumanuide Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[K+] SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 salt nickel sulfate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0268—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment between cold rolling steps
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/52—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating using reducing agents for coating with metallic material not provided for in a single one of groups C23C18/32 - C23C18/50
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
- C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite plate comprises a 3003 aluminum plate base material layer, a 4343 aluminum plate coating layer and a nickel-plated layer positioned on the surface of the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer, and the thickness of the nickel-plated layer is 3-5 mu m. The thickness ratio of a cladding layer to a base layer in the aluminum alloy composite plate is 1: 20-1: 10, and the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate is applied to the production of liquid cooling plates and inflation plates. The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate effectively solves the problem that 3003/4343 double-layer composite aluminum alloy plates widely used at present cannot be brazed directly. The liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate are prepared by adopting the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate, a flux coating process can be omitted in the production process, the construction investment of a production line is saved, the use is convenient, the flow is short, the efficiency is high, and the large-scale batch production of products is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The heat exchanger is an important heat dissipation part of an automobile heat management system, and engineering materials of the heat exchanger undergo different development stages under the driving of market demands. In the early 70 s of the 20 th century, because of the current oil crisis, copper price rise and automobile weight reduction, French Valeo started using a mechanical assembly type aluminum heat exchanger, and a lightweight approach of replacing copper with aluminum was started; in the later period of the 20 th century and the 70 th era, the U.S. Ford starts to manufacture the automobile water tank by using a vacuum brazing process, the corrosion resistance problem becomes one of hot spots, and the composite material starts to be applied; the invention of KF-AlF3 (Nocolok flux) of non-corrosive flux Alcan in the 80 th 20 th century promoted the rapid development of aluminum brazing technology due to high efficiency and low cost, and the automobile aluminum heat exchanger is widely applied by European and American countries. The heat exchanger of the automobile almost enters full aluminizing in the beginning of the century, the new energy automobile is developed rapidly in more than ten years, the battery pack is a power and energy storage core component, the heat management of the battery pack directly influences the temperature uniformity and timely heat dissipation of the battery in the battery box and is also one of important factors influencing the service life, the service life and the weight of the battery and improving the endurance mileage, and the liquid cooling plate made of the aluminum alloy composite plate better meets the market development requirement, so the liquid cooling plate becomes a hotspot of application research of the new energy automobile industry.
Since 2012, the requirement of 5G wireless capacity is increased by more than 250 times, and high power consumption, high speed/ultra high speed and high integration level bring great challenges to the heat dissipation, size and weight of wireless base stations. Small size, light weight and good heat dissipation become continuous pursuits of communication products. At present, commercial die-casting aluminum alloy material for wireless base station shell exhibits the trend of continuously improving heat conductivity, and through years of continuous research and development, the heat conductivity coefficient is from ADC1 commonly used292W/(m.K) to AlSi6175W/(m.K), the heat conductivity is improved by 90 percent. However, with the development of electronic communication technology, the requirement of next generation electronic communication products for high thermal conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy materials still cannot be met. In order to further improve the heat dissipation capability of the base station, a blowing temperature equalizing plate is embedded into a groove on a wireless base station die-casting shell by taking reference to condenser products of household appliances such as refrigerators and the like, a die-casting formed heat dissipation tooth is replaced, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat dissipation tooth is selected from common AlSi6The 175W/(m.K) is increased to 500-1000W/(m.K).
No matter be the liquid cooling board that new energy automobile battery package thermal management system used, still the blowing board that electronic communication product thermal management used, widely adopt 3003/4343 double-deck compound aluminum alloy plate, its concrete structure is as shown in figure 1, includes substrate layer 1 and coating 2, as shown in figure 2 aluminum alloy composite plate production process flow as follows:
respectively rolling the core material and the composite layer alloy to a certain thickness;
-surface treatment of the rolled strip before cold rolling compounding;
-cold rolling compounding according to the composite alloy requirements;
-large pass reduction is required;
-subsequent heat treatment and further rolling to final thickness according to final product requirements.
The current production process flows of the liquid cooling plate and the inflation plate are as follows:
the liquid cooling plate production process flow comprises the following steps: raw materials (composite aluminum plates or aluminum plates) → blanking (laser cutting or stamping) → cover plate flow channel forming (ballooning, liquid swelling, or stamping) → cover plate trimming (laser or stamping) → bending → cleaning → flux coating → assembling → brazing → missing inspection → warehousing.
The production process flow of the blown expansion plate comprises the following steps: raw materials (composite aluminum plates or aluminum plates) → blanking (laser cutting or stamping) → cover plate flow channel forming (ballooning, liquid swelling, or stamping) → cleaning → flux coating → brazing → stamping → laser trimming → welding tube → pressure holding test → refrigerant filling → laser sealing → inspection → warehousing.
It can be seen from the above production process flows that the 3003/4343 double-layer composite aluminum alloy plate adopted at present can not realize flux-free production, the liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate production processes both have flux coating procedures, large production fields need to be occupied, tunnel type flux spraying and baking lines are built, the investment is large, the production process is long, the efficiency is low, and the large-scale batch production of products is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is: the defects in the prior art are overcome, the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate is strong in corrosion resistance and impact resistance, the service life is as long as more than 10 years, a brazing flux coating process can be omitted in the process of preparing the liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate by adopting the aluminum alloy composite plate, the production line construction investment is saved, the use is convenient, the flow is short, the efficiency is high, and the large-scale batch production of products is facilitated.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the composite plate comprises a 3003 aluminum plate base material layer, a 4343 aluminum plate coating layer and a nickel-plated layer positioned on the surface of the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer.
Furthermore, the thickness of the nickel plating layer is 3-5 μm.
Further, the 3003 aluminum plate substrate layer comprises, by mass, 0.5% -0.7% of Si, 0.6% -0.8% of Fe, 0.05% -0.20% of Cu, 1.0% -1.5% of Mn, 0.05% -0.15% of Zns, no more than 0.15% of other impurity elements, no more than 0.05% of single elements in other impurity elements, and the balance Al;
the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer comprises, by mass, 6.8-8.2% of Si, 0.7-0.9% of Fe0.15-0.25% of Cu0.05-0.15% of Mn0.15%, 0.15-0.25% of Zn0.15%, no more than 0.15% of other impurity elements, no more than 0.05% of single elements in other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
Furthermore, the thickness ratio of the cladding layer to the base layer in the aluminum alloy composite plate is 1: 20-1: 10.
Another object of the invention is: the preparation method of the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate overcomes the defects in the prior art, and effectively solves the problem that 3003/4343 double-layer composite aluminum alloy plates widely used at present cannot be directly brazed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out surface treatment on the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer and the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer;
s2, carrying out overlapping cold rolling, diffusion annealing, repeated cold rolling and intermediate annealing on the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer and the 4343 aluminum plate cladding layer after surface treatment in sequence until the rolling thickness meets the requirement;
and S3, plating nickel on the surface of the cladding layer after the surface treatment of the cladding layer.
Further, the surface treatment of the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer and the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer specifically comprises: firstly, ultrasonic treatment and spraying treatment are carried out on cleaning fluid with the pH value of 4.0-6.0 to remove oil and dirt and remove an oxide film, and then the aluminum plate is dried for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ to ensure that the surface of the aluminum plate is clean and dry.
Further, step S2 specifically includes hot rolling the blank conforming to the composition of the base layer material into an aluminum plate with a thickness of 3 mm-5 mm, cold rolling the blank conforming to the composition of the cladding layer material into an aluminum plate or aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.8 mm-1 mm, overlapping and cold rolling, annealing at 300-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h; and repeating the cold rolling and intermediate annealing operations until the rolling thickness is 0.4-1.0 mm, and obtaining the composite aluminum plates with different thickness specifications according to the technical requirements.
Further, the step S3 includes insulating and protecting the non-plating surface before plating, removing oil and dirt by ultrasonic treatment and spraying treatment with a cleaning solution with a pH value of 5.0-10.0, alkali etching, acid washing, pretreating the surface of the coating layer by a chemical zinc dipping process, depositing a zinc layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 μm, chemically dipping zinc, and entering a nickel plating process, wherein the concentration of nickel salt in the plating solution is 200-300 g/L, the pH value is 5.0-6.0, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the current is 0.5A/dm2~4A/dm2The time is 5 minutes to 20 minutes, and the thickness of the plating layer is 2 mu m to 5 mu m.
Further, the nickel plating on the surface of the coating layer comprises but is not limited to Ni electroplating, Ni chemical plating, Ni cold spraying, PVD and laser cladding process for preparing a Ni plating layer.
Yet another object of the invention is: provides the application of the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate in the production of liquid cooling plates and blowing plates.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate effectively solves the problem that 3003/4343 double-layer composite aluminum alloy plates widely used at present cannot be brazed directly.
The liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate are prepared by adopting the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate, the production efficiency is improved by 20-30% after a brazing flux coating process is cancelled, a brazing flux spraying production line, a baking furnace and accessory facilities thereof are not required to be invested, the occupation of relevant production workshop sites is reduced, and the investment return rate is obviously improved.
The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate has the post-welding tensile strength of more than or equal to 130MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 50MPa, and is obviously superior to the post-welding tensile strength of more than or equal to 110MPa and the yield strength of more than or equal to 40MPa of common plates.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum alloy composite plate before improvement.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a production process of an aluminum alloy composite plate before improvement.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an improved aluminum alloy composite plate.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a production process of the improved aluminum alloy composite plate.
In the figure: 1 base material layer, 2 coating material layer and 3 plating Ni layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following examples are intended to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
In general, the influence of alloying elements on the properties of an aluminum alloy sheet is as follows:
si: the main component for improving the flow property. The best fluidity can be obtained from eutectic to hypereutectic. However, since Si precipitated by crystallization is likely to form hard spots and deteriorate machinability, it is generally not allowed to exceed the eutectic point. In addition, Si improves tensile strength, hardness, machinability, and strength at high temperature, and reduces elongation.
Mg: if the amount of the magnesium added is small enough to suppress intergranular corrosion, the fluidity is deteriorated and the hot shortness is also likely to occur and the impact value is also lowered when the magnesium content exceeds a predetermined value. Mg as an impurity, Mg in Al alloys2Si embrittles the material, typically to within 0.3%.
Zn: if Zn is contained as an impurity, the high-temperature brittleness is large, but the high-temperature brittleness and Hg form strengthened HgZn2Has obvious strength effect on the alloy. ImpuritiesZn tends to cause cracks in the cast or molten alloy by cooling; there is a tendency for stress corrosion cracking. The alloy composition Zn is often used to adjust the corrosion potential addition as required.
Cu: the solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening effects are the best when the copper content is 4% to 6.8%, so that the copper content of most of the hard aluminum alloys is in this range. The copper content is increased, the fluidity, the tensile strength and the hardness of the alloy are improved, but the corrosion resistance and the shaping are reduced, so that the hot cracking tendency is increased.
Mn: improving the strength and adjusting the corrosion potential. The elongation reaches the maximum value when the manganese content is 0.8%. Mn can prevent the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, increase the recrystallization temperature and obviously refine recrystallized grains. Refining of recrystallized grains, mainly by MnAl6The compound dispersoids act as a barrier to the growth of recrystallized grains. MnAl6Can dissolve impurity iron (Fe) to form (Fe, Mn) Al6The sheet-like or needle-like structure formed by iron in the aluminum alloy is changed into a fine crystal structure, and the harmful effect of iron is reduced. When the manganese content is too high, segregation is caused.
Ni: the tendency to increase tensile strength and hardness greatly affects corrosion resistance. The high temperature strength and heat resistance can be improved, but the corrosion resistance and heat conductivity of the material are reduced.
In: research results show that the addition of the alloying element In is beneficial to improving the tensile property and the impact property of the aluminum alloy mechanical component. Compared with the method without adding the alloy element In, when 0.5wt% of In is added, the tensile strength of the sample is improved by 15%, the yield strength is improved by 25%, the elongation after fracture is improved by 28%, and the impact absorption power is improved by 41%. The addition of a proper amount of In can reduce the cavitation erosion depth of the pipe and reduce the erosion of the solder, and the In content In the solder is 0.027 percent optimally.
Fe: fe (Fe) as an impurity generates FeAl3Since the needle-like crystals of (2) are rapidly cooled by die casting, the precipitated crystals are very fine and cannot be said to be harmful components. When the content is less than 0.7%, the mold is not easy to be demolded, so that 0.8-1.0% of iron (Fe) is better for die casting. Contains a large amount of iron (Fe), generates metal compounds to form hard spots, and when the amount of Fe is over 1.2%, the alloy flow is reducedAnd the quality of the casting is damaged, and the service life of a metal component in the die casting equipment is shortened.
Sr: 0.015-0.03% of Sr is added into the aluminum alloy for extrusion, so that the beta-AlFeSi phase in the cast ingot is transformed into a Chinese character-shaped alpha-AlFeSi phase, the averaging time of the cast ingot is reduced by 60-70%, and the mechanical property, the plastic processability and the surface roughness of a product of the material are improved. 0.02% -0.07% of Sr element is added into the high-silicon (10% -13%) wrought aluminum alloy, so that primary crystals can be reduced to the minimum, the mechanical property is obviously improved, and the elongation is improved. Sr is added into hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, so that the size of primary crystal silicon particles can be reduced, the plastic processing function is improved, and hot rolling and cold rolling can be smoothly carried out.
Cr: formation of (CrFe) Al in aluminum7And (CrMn) Al12The intermetallic compounds hinder the nucleation and growth process of recrystallization, have certain strengthening effect on the alloy, and can also improve the toughness of the alloy and reduce the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity. But increases quench sensitivity.
Ti: only a small amount of the metal in the alloy is needed to improve the mechanical properties, but the conductivity is reduced. When peritectic reaction occurs in the Al-Ti alloy, the critical content of Ti is about 0.15%, and if boron exists, the critical content can be reduced.
Bi: as a microalloying element, the hot cracking resistance of the alloy can be improved, and the addition range is properly 0.05-0.12%.
Sb: as a microalloying element, the heat intensity resistance of the alloy can be improved, and the addition amount is not more than 0.03 percent.
There are some cases where impurity elements such as calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) are present in the aluminum alloy. These elements have different melting points, different structures, and different compounds with aluminum (Al), and thus have different effects on the properties of aluminum alloys. The solid solubility of calcium (Ca) in aluminum is extremely low, and calcium (Ca) forms CaAl with aluminum (Al)4The compound, calcium (Ca), improves the machinability of aluminum alloys. Lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) are low-melting point metals, and they have low solid solubility in aluminum (Al), and reduce alloy strength, but improve machinability.
Therefore, the 3003 aluminum sheet substrate layer 1 in the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-0.7% of Si, 0.6-0.8% of Fe0.05-0.20% of Cu0.0-1.5% of Mn1.0-1.15% of Zn0.05-0.15%, the sum of other impurity elements (such as Mg, Cr, Ti, Ca, Pb, Sn and the like) is not more than 0.15%, single elements (such as Ca, Pb, Sn and the like) in other impurity elements are not more than 0.05%, and the balance of Al;
the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer 2 comprises, by mass, 6.8-8.2% of Si, 0.7-0.9% of Fe, 0.15-0.25% of Cu, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.15-0.25% of Zns, no more than 0.15% of the total of other impurity elements (such as Mg, Cr, Ti, Ca, Pb, Sn and the like), no more than 0.05% of single elements (such as Ca, Pb, Sn and the like) of other impurity elements, and the balance of Al.
Referring to fig. 3, a Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate includes a 3003 aluminum sheet substrate layer 1, a 4343 aluminum sheet clad layer 2, and a nickel-plated layer 3 on the surface of the 4343 aluminum sheet clad layer 2; the thickness of the nickel-plated layer 3 is 3-5 mu m, and the thickness ratio of the cladding layer 2 to the base layer 1 in the aluminum alloy composite plate is 1: 20-1: 10.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the Ni-plated layer on the surface of the coating layer 4343 material reacts with the molten brazing filler metal 4343 to generate Al3Ni consumes the Ni-plated layer, so that the surface is rough, the oxide film is broken, the brazing filler metal flows to form a joint, the post-welding tensile strength is not less than 130MPa, the yield strength is not less than 50MPa, the post-welding tensile strength is better than that of a common plate and not less than 110MPa, the yield strength is not less than 40MPa, and the tensile strength and the yield strength are detected by adopting a conventional detection method in the industry, which is not described in detail in the application.
Referring to fig. 4, the method for preparing the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate includes, but is not limited to, Ni electroplating, Ni chemical plating, Ni cold spraying, PVD, and laser cladding processes to prepare a Ni-plated layer, and the method effectively solves the problem that 3003/4343 double-layer composite aluminum alloy plates widely used at present cannot be brazed directly, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1 carries out surface treatment to 3003 aluminum sheet substrate layer 1 and 4343 aluminum sheet cladding layer 2 respectively, and the surface treatment who specifically includes 3003 aluminum sheet substrate layer 1 and 4343 aluminum sheet cladding layer 2 specifically includes: firstly, ultrasonic treatment and spraying treatment are carried out on cleaning fluid with the pH value of 4.0-6.0 to remove oil and dirt and remove an oxide film, and then the aluminum plate is dried for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ to ensure that the surface of the aluminum plate is clean and dry. The experimental results show that: the traditional cleaning treatment method mostly adopts alkaline etching and acid pickling to polish, the scale removed by the alkaline etching is easy to cause over corrosion, and the surface smoothness of the aluminum alloy is influenced, but the invention adopts weak acid cleaning liquid (such as hydrofluoric acid and the like) ultrasonic waves with the H value of 4.0-6.0 and the surface of the workpiece after the spraying treatment is clean and bright and has no floating dust.
S2, carrying out overlapping cold rolling, diffusion annealing, repeated cold rolling and intermediate annealing on the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer 1 and the 4343 aluminum plate cladding layer 2 after surface treatment in sequence until the rolling thickness meets the requirement, and specifically comprising the following steps: hot rolling the blank meeting the composition of the base layer material into an aluminum plate with the thickness of 3 mm-5 mm, cold rolling the blank meeting the composition of the coating layer material into an aluminum plate or aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.8 mm-1 mm, overlapping and cold rolling, annealing at the temperature of 300-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h; and repeating the cold rolling and intermediate annealing operations until the rolling thickness is 0.4-1.0 mm, and obtaining the composite aluminum plates with different thickness and size specifications according to the specific required specification.
After the surface treatment of the coating layer 2 of S3, nickel plating is carried out on the surface of the coating layer 2, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: before electroplating, insulating and protecting the non-electroplating surface, removing oil and dirt, alkaline etching and acid washing the surface of the coating layer by ultrasonic treatment and spraying treatment with a cleaning solution with a pH value of 5.0-10.0, pretreating the surface of the coating layer by a chemical zinc dipping process, depositing a zinc layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mu m, performing chemical zinc dipping, and entering a nickel plating process, wherein the concentration of nickel salt in an electroplating solution is 200-300 g/L, the pH value is 5.0-6.0, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the current is 0.5A/dm2~4A/dm2The time is 5 minutes to 20 minutes, and the thickness of the plating layer is 2 mu m to 5 mu m.
The chemical zinc dipping process of the invention is simple, low in cost and high in efficiency, mainly provides a transition zinc layer for nickel plating, and is a common mature nickel plating pretreatment technology. The key technological parameters of the nickel electroplating process involved in nickel plating of the invention are the nickel salt concentration, the pH value, the temperature, the current and the time of the electroplating solution.
The experimental results show that:
(1) the traditional pre-plating treatment method mostly adopts alkali etching and acid pickling to polish, the scale removed by the alkali etching is easy to cause over corrosion, and the surface smoothness of the aluminum alloy is influenced.
(2) When the pH of the plating solution is less than 5.0, the current density must be greater than 4A/dm2The obtained plating layer has good bonding force and a bright surface, but the cathode has large hydrogen evolution amount and the anode nickel sheet has high dissolution speed; when the pH value of the electroplating solution is more than 6.0, the current density must be controlled to be not more than 0.5A/dm to obtain a coating with good binding force and bright surface2Because the range of the current density is narrow and is not easy to control, the qualified plating layer with stable quality is difficult to obtain due to the small difference of the current; when the pH of the plating solution is too low or even less than 3.0, the amount of hydrogen evolved from the cathode is too large, the current efficiency is too low, and the plating quality is adversely deteriorated due to the evolution of hydrogen. Therefore, the proper pH value of the electroplating solution is particularly important, and the pH value of the electroplating solution related to the invention is controlled to be 5.0-6.0.
(3) Under good process conditions, when the temperature of the electroplating solution is lower than 40 ℃, the plating layer is dark and dull, and the bright nickel plating layer can not be obtained by adjusting the current density; when the temperature of the electroplating solution is higher than 60 ℃, the brightness of the coating is better, but the coating is easy to foam, the temperature is too high, the nickel deposition is too fast, the binding force of the coating is difficult to ensure, and the adjustment of the current is difficult. In view of the above, the temperature range of the electroplating solution is controlled to be 40-60 ℃.
(4) Main salt nickel sulfate (NiS 0)4•7H20) Is the main salt of the nickel plating solution, and the concentration range is generally between 100 g/L and 350 g/L. Ammonium nickel sulfate [ NiS04 ] (NH)4)2S04•6H20]It can also be used as a main salt for generating nickel ions, but ammonium nickel sulfate has a low nickel content (15%), has a low solubility, cannot give a high-concentration solution, and thus the solution cannot be used for high-current density plating, and is therefore rarely used. The concentration of the nickel salt in the electroplating solution related to the invention is 200 g/L-300 g/L, and the requirement of the production process for rapid nickel plating is met.
The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate is applied to the production of the liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate, the liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate are prepared by adopting the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate, the working procedure of brazing flux coating can be omitted in the production process, the construction investment of a production line is saved, the use is convenient, the flow is short, the efficiency is high, and the large-scale batch production of products is facilitated.
The specific process flow for preparing the liquid cooling plate and the blown plate by adopting the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate comprises the following steps:
the liquid cooling plate production process flow comprises the following steps: raw materials → blanking → cover plate flow channel molding → cover plate trimming → bending → cleaning → assembling → brazing → missing inspection → warehousing;
the production process flow of the blown expansion plate comprises the following steps: raw materials → blanking → cover plate flow channel molding → cleaning → brazing → stamping → laser trimming → welded tube → pressure maintaining test → refrigerant filling → laser sealing → inspection → warehousing.
By adopting the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate to prepare the liquid cooling plate and the blowing plate, the working procedure of coating the brazing flux can be cancelled, the production efficiency is improved by 20-30 percent after the working procedure of coating the brazing flux is cancelled, the brazing flux spraying production line, the baking furnace and the accessory facilities thereof do not need to be invested, the occupation of the relevant production workshop site is reduced, and the investment return rate is obviously improved.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate is characterized in that: the composite plate comprises a 3003 aluminum plate base material layer, a 4343 aluminum plate cladding layer and a nickel-plated layer positioned on the surface of the 4343 aluminum plate cladding layer.
2. The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the nickel plating layer is 3-5 mu m.
3. The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer comprises, by mass, 0.5-0.7% of Si, 0.6-0.8% of Fe0.05-0.20% of Cu0.05-0.20%, 1.0-1.5% of Mn1.05-0.15% of Zn0.05-0.15% of other impurity elements, no more than 0.05% of single element in other impurity elements and the balance of Al;
the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer comprises, by mass, 6.8-8.2% of Si, 0.7-0.9% of Fe0.15-0.25% of Cu0.05-0.15% of Mn0.15%, 0.15-0.25% of Zn0.15%, no more than 0.15% of other impurity elements, no more than 0.05% of single elements in other impurity elements, and the balance Al.
4. The Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness ratio of the cladding layer to the base layer in the aluminum alloy composite plate is 1: 20-1: 10.
5. Use of the Ni-plated brazed aluminum alloy composite plate of any one of claims 1 to 4 in the production of liquid cooled panels and blown panels.
6. The preparation method of the Ni-plated brazing aluminum alloy composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out surface treatment on the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer and the 4343 aluminum plate coating layer;
s2, carrying out overlapping cold rolling, diffusion annealing, repeated cold rolling and intermediate annealing on the 3003 aluminum plate base material layer and the 4343 aluminum plate cladding layer after surface treatment in sequence until the rolling thickness meets the requirement;
and S3, plating nickel on the surface of the cladding layer after the surface treatment of the cladding layer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface treatment of 3003 aluminum plate substrate layer and 4343 aluminum plate coating specifically comprises: firstly, cleaning fluid with the pH value of 4-6 is adopted for ultrasonic wave and spraying treatment to remove oil and dirt and remove an oxide film, and then the aluminum plate is dried for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ to ensure that the surface of the aluminum plate is clean and dry.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S2 specifically comprises hot rolling the blank conforming to the composition of the matrix layer material into an aluminum plate with the thickness of 3 mm-5 mm, cold rolling the blank conforming to the composition of the cladding layer material into an aluminum plate or aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.8 mm-1 mm for superposition cold rolling, annealing at 300-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h; and repeating the cold rolling and intermediate annealing operations until the rolling thickness is 0.4-1.0 mm, and obtaining the composite aluminum plates with different thickness specifications according to the technical requirements.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S3 comprises the steps of carrying out insulation protection on the non-electroplating surface before electroplating, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment and spraying treatment on the surface of the coating layer by using a cleaning solution with the pH value of 5.0-10.0 to remove oil and dirt, carrying out alkaline etching and acid cleaning, then carrying out pretreatment on the surface of the coating layer by using a chemical zinc dipping process to deposit a zinc layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mu m, carrying out chemical zinc dipping, and then carrying out a nickel plating process, wherein the concentration of nickel salt in an electroplating solution is 200-300 g/L, the pH value is 5.0-6.0, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the current is 0.5A/dm2~4A/dm2The time is 5 minutes to 20 minutes, and the thickness of the plating layer is 2 mu m to 5 mu m.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nickel plating on the surface of the coating layer comprises but is not limited to Ni electroplating, Ni chemical plating, Ni cold spraying, PVD and Ni laser cladding process preparation of a Ni plating layer.
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CN113732422A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-03 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Brazing flux-free brazing method and brazing filler metal paste for aluminum alloy |
CN113909494A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-11 | 寰采星科技(宁波)有限公司 | Preparation method of metal foil for metal mask plate and preparation method of metal mask plate |
CN114016692A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 晋江市新思维环保科技有限公司 | Honeycomb aluminum plate based on hot press molding and preparation process thereof |
CN115572970A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high-performance high-entropy alloy material and its preparation method |
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CN113909494A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-11 | 寰采星科技(宁波)有限公司 | Preparation method of metal foil for metal mask plate and preparation method of metal mask plate |
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CN114016692A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 晋江市新思维环保科技有限公司 | Honeycomb aluminum plate based on hot press molding and preparation process thereof |
CN115572970A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high-performance high-entropy alloy material and its preparation method |
CN115572970B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-06-07 | 江苏大学 | A high performance high entropy alloy material and preparation method |
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