CN113097696A - Ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
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- CN113097696A CN113097696A CN201911334685.2A CN201911334685A CN113097696A CN 113097696 A CN113097696 A CN 113097696A CN 201911334685 A CN201911334685 A CN 201911334685A CN 113097696 A CN113097696 A CN 113097696A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: the radiating part is of an axial symmetry structure, the symmetry axes of the radiating part respectively penetrate through the centers of the top loading plate and the metal floor, the radiating part comprises a first radiating body and a second radiating body which are arranged in an axial symmetry mode and located on the same plane, each radiating body is knife-shaped, the inner sides of the radiating bodies are connected back to back, grooves and side loading strips are formed in the outer sides of the radiating bodies, and the side loading strips are parallel to the symmetry axes and extend towards the direction of the metal floor. In the invention, the size of the antenna is effectively reduced by adopting the elliptic disc-shaped top loading plate and the groove and side loading strip structure designed by the meander, the working bandwidth of the antenna is widened, and simultaneously the side loading strip can be grounded and/or the widths of the side loading strip and the parasitic oscillator are reasonably designed to adjust the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation characteristics of the antenna and improve the gain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
Very high frequency/ultra high frequency (VHF/UHF), also known as ultrashort waves, has a frequency range for wireless communication of 30MHz to 512 MHz. The ultrashort wave communication has the advantages of wide available frequency, simple manufacture, small equipment volume and the like, so that the ultrashort wave communication is widely applied to the military and civil fields. The ultrashort wave frequency hopping communication is an important communication means, particularly in modern military communication, in order to realize secret communication and eliminate interference, the ultrashort wave frequency hopping communication is widely applied to a multiband radio station, a multifunctional radio station and a broadband frequency hopping radio station, has very strong data transmission and anti-interference capacity, and has the advantages of high frequency spectrum utilization rate, multipath resistance, fading resistance, easiness in networking and the like. In practice, antennas used in this frequency band are mostly whip antennas, and generally have a high height. Few ultra-short wave antennas capable of meeting ultra-wideband miniaturization. Therefore, the research on the high performance, wide frequency band and miniaturization of the antenna is more and more focused.
The conventional antenna has a narrow working band due to the size limitation, so that the loading technology is widely used to widen the working bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna. Because the current is distributed in a standing wave mode in the unloaded antenna, the change of the electrical length of the antenna has great influence on the input impedance of the antenna, the antenna loading can avoid the problem, and meanwhile, the loading technology can adjust the broadband matching of the antenna, increase the working bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna.
The loading technology is to embed a suitable loading element such as reactance, impedance or dielectric material in the antenna structure, so that the current distribution in the antenna is improved, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed accordingly. Meanwhile, under the same working frequency, the height of the antenna can be effectively reduced and the radiation characteristic of the antenna can be well improved by the loading technology. The loading elements may be active or passive, distributed or lumped parameter elements. The resistance loading antenna has broadband characteristics of impedance and a directional diagram, so the working bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively widened by proper resistance loading, but the known 506-3 type antenna has a wider working bandwidth after resistance loading, and the low-frequency gain of the antenna is very low and is only about-9 dBi.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the working frequency band of the existing antenna which can be achieved under a certain size limit is narrower, and meanwhile, the low-frequency gain of the antenna is lower due to the adopted loading resistor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna which can realize the miniaturization and ultra-wideband of an antenna structure and ensure excellent electrical performance as far as possible.
The ultra-wideband antenna provided by the invention comprises:
a top load plate and a metal floor disposed opposite and parallel to each other; and
the radiation part is positioned between the top loading plate and the metal floor, the radiation part is in an axial symmetry structure, a symmetry axis penetrates through the center of the top loading plate and the center of the metal floor, the radiation part comprises a first radiation body and a second radiation body which are arranged back to back, the first radiation body and the second radiation body are positioned on the same surface and are in a knife shape, the top end of each radiation body is vertically connected with the top loading plate, and the bottom end of each radiation body is vertically connected with the metal floor,
the inner side edges of the radiators are connected back to back, grooves are formed in the outer side edges of the radiators, side loading strips are arranged on the outer side edges of the radiators, and the side loading strips are parallel to the symmetry axis and extend towards the metal floor.
Preferably, the ultra-wideband antenna further comprises:
a plurality of shorting posts connected vertically between the metal floor and the top load plate.
Preferably, the plurality of short-circuiting columns include a first short-circuiting column, a second short-circuiting column and a third short-circuiting column which are all parallel to the plane where the radiation part is located, the first short-circuiting column and the second short-circuiting column are in mirror symmetry with the plane where the radiation part is located as a mirror surface, the third short-circuiting column is arranged between the first short-circuiting column and the radiation part, and the width of the third short-circuiting column is greater than that of the first short-circuiting column.
Preferably, the ultra-wideband antenna further comprises:
and a plurality of parasitic oscillators vertically connected to the metal floor and disposed around the radiating portion.
Preferably, the plurality of parasitic oscillators include a first parasitic oscillator and a second parasitic oscillator, and the first parasitic oscillator and the second parasitic oscillator are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane where the radiating portion is located, and are respectively close to the outer side of the first radiating body and the outer side of the second radiating body.
Preferably, the plurality of parasitic oscillators further include a third parasitic oscillator and a fourth parasitic oscillator, and the third parasitic oscillator and the fourth parasitic oscillator are parallel to each other and to the plane where the radiation portion is located, and are respectively disposed on both sides of the radiation portion and are asymmetric.
Preferably, the width of the bottom end of the radiating part is gradually reduced, a feed port is arranged at the center of the metal floor, and the bottom end of the radiating part is connected with a coaxial cable through the feed port.
Preferably, the bottom end of the radiating part is formed with two chamfers with gradually reduced widths.
Preferably, the width of the bottom end of the radiation part is gradually changed in a stepped manner.
Preferably, the top loading plate is in the shape of an elliptical disk, the length of the long axis of the elliptical disk being greater than the length of the top end of the radiation part.
Preferably, the shape of the opening of the groove is at least one of U-shaped, semicircular, semi-elliptical, diamond-shaped and V-shaped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ultra-wideband antenna designed by the invention uses the meander technology and the short-circuit column, wherein the meander technology enables a current path to be longer by arranging the groove and the side loading strip, the size of the antenna is effectively reduced, and standing waves are optimized, and the short-circuit column equivalently introduces inductive load, so that the impedance characteristic of the antenna is further optimized.
2. The antenna structure has a low profile, and the use of the top loading plate and the parasitic element further reduces the profile size of the antenna and expands the impedance bandwidth of the antenna.
3. The width of the lower end of the radiating part is gradually changed, so that the structure change of the antenna radiating part at the joint of the radiating part and the coaxial cable is gentle, the design is also favorable for the impedance matching of the antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna is increased, and the ultra wide band design of the antenna is realized.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna configuration of an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 shows a front view of an ultra-wideband antenna structure of an embodiment of the invention;
figure 3 illustrates a rear view of an ultra-wideband antenna structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 4 illustrates a bottom view of an ultra-wideband antenna structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an antenna gain simulation diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows the horizontal gain pattern of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at the center frequency point;
fig. 7 shows a broadside radiation gain diagram for an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention at a low band θ of 60 °/90 ° and Φ of 0 °;
fig. 8 shows a broadside radiation gain diagram for an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention at a high frequency band θ of 60 °/90 ° and Φ of 0 °;
figure 9 shows a schematic view of a groove in an ultra-wideband antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a groove in an ultra-wideband antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
figure 11 shows a schematic view of the structure of the radiating portion of an ultra-wideband antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
fig. 12 shows a schematic view of the structure of the radiating part in the ultra-wideband antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an ultra-wideband antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna 10 comprising: the radiating portion 12 is in an axial symmetry structure, and a symmetry axis passes through the center of the top loading plate 11 and the center of the metal floor 15, the radiating portion 12 includes a first radiator 1241 and a second radiator 1242 which are arranged back to back, further, the top loading plate 11 and the metal floor 15 are arranged opposite and parallel to each other, the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are both located on the same surface and have a knife-shaped longitudinal section, the top ends of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are both vertically connected to the top loading plate 11, the bottom ends of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are both vertically connected to the metal floor 15, and the radiating portion 12 is connected to a coaxial cable with the bottom end 123 thereof serving as a feeding point. The inner sides of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are connected back to back, the outer sides of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are both formed with a groove, and further, the outer sides of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are both provided with a side loading bar 122, and the side loading bar 122 is parallel to the symmetry axis and extends toward the metal floor 15.
In this embodiment, the plurality of shorting pillars 14 of the ultra-wideband antenna 10 are connected vertically between the metal floor 15 and the top load plate 11. Further, the plurality of parasitic oscillators 13 are vertically connected to the metal floor 15 and provided around the radiating portion 12.
Further, the top load plate 11 has a polyhedral shape having at least one pair of parallel planes, and further, the top load plate 11 is an elliptical disk-shaped load plate in this embodiment, and the parasitic vibrator 13 is disposed around the radiation part 12. Further, the lateral openings of the plurality of grooves 121 face outward, the shape is substantially U-shaped, further, two pairs of grooves 121 and a pair of side loading bars 122 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the radiation portion, the adjacent grooves 121 on one side are not connected to each other, the side loading bars 122 on the same side are connected to the radiation portion 12 only through the top end thereof in the horizontal direction, the connection end thereof is located between the adjacent two grooves 121 in the vertical direction, further, the depth of the groove near the top end is smaller than that of the groove below the same, and the length of the long axis of the oval disc-shaped top loading plate 11 is greater than that of the top end of the radiation portion 12.
Further, the width of the lower end of the radiating portion 12 gradually decreases to the bottom end 123, the central area of the metal floor 15 has a feeding port, and the bottom end 123 of the radiating portion 12 is connected to a coaxial cable through the feeding port, and the coaxial cable is used for signal transmission of an ultra-short band.
In this embodiment, the antenna realizes the bending structure of the groove 121 and the side loading strip 122 on the side surface of the radiating part 12 by applying the meander technology, which effectively reduces the height of the antenna, makes the current path longer, thereby reduces the overall size of the antenna, further, the number and the positions of the groove 121 and the side loading strip 122 can be reasonably selected and set, so as to adjust the low-frequency resonance, improve the electrical performance of the low frequency, and expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and also reduce the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna radiating part 12 to a certain extent.
Fig. 2, 3 and 4 respectively show a front view, a rear view and a bottom view of an ultra-wideband antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and may further illustrate the antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, further, the elliptical disk-shaped top loading plate 11 is disposed parallel to the metal floor 15, each parasitic oscillator 13 is perpendicular to a plane of the metal floor 15, the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 are disposed on the same surface, further, the plurality of parasitic oscillators 13 include a first parasitic oscillator 131 and a second parasitic oscillator 132, the first parasitic oscillator 131 and the second parasitic oscillator 132 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to a plane of the radiating portion 12, and are respectively close to an outer side of the first radiator 1241 and an outer side of the second radiator 1242. Further, the plurality of parasitic oscillators 13 further include a third parasitic oscillator 133 and a fourth parasitic oscillator 134, and the third parasitic oscillator 133 and the fourth parasitic oscillator 134 are parallel to each other and to the plane where the radiation section 12 is located, and are disposed on both sides of the radiation section, respectively, and are asymmetric.
Further, the plurality of short-circuiting pillars 14 include a first short-circuiting pillar 141, a second short-circuiting pillar 143, and a third short-circuiting pillar 142 that are all parallel to the plane where the radiation portion 12 is located, the first short-circuiting pillar 141 and the second short-circuiting pillar 143 are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the plane where the radiation portion 12 is located, and the third short-circuiting pillar 142 is disposed between the first short-circuiting pillar 141 and the radiation portion 12. Further, in conjunction with fig. 2 and 3, the shorting bars 14 at different positions are different in size, and specifically, the width of the third shorting bar 142 is greater than the width of the first shorting bar.
In this embodiment, the sizes of the short-circuit posts can be designed and the positions of the short-circuit posts can be adjusted according to the gain requirement of the antenna 10. It should be noted that the short-circuiting column can improve the inductive load of the antenna, the elliptical disk-shaped top loading plate 11 connected to the top end of the radiating part 12 and the side loading strip 122 arranged on the side surface of the radiating part 12 can extend the height of the antenna by extending the current path at a place with poor frequency point gain, and control the movement of the resonance point to correct the frequency point, which is equivalent to the action of a resistor, while the different sizes and positions of the short-circuiting column are equivalent to the size and position of the loading inductor, and a better impedance matching parameter can be obtained by reasonable position selection, which is beneficial to the improvement of the standing wave of the antenna and further obtains a higher radiation gain.
Fig. 5 shows an antenna gain simulation diagram of an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5, the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the antenna radiating element in the working bandwidth is substantially less than 3, except for a few frequency points near 2500MHz, and meets the design requirement. Specifically, the voltage standing wave ratios radiated by the antenna within the range of 200-400 MHz of the working frequency are all lower than 2, and when the working frequency is near 1200MHz, the voltage standing wave ratio also reaches 1.9, and in the simulation result, particularly when the working frequency is near 400MHz, the voltage standing wave is near 1, namely the impedance matching effect of the feeder line and the antenna is good, the radiation rate of the antenna is high, and the gain is high, which shows that the antenna in the embodiment of the invention has high low-frequency gain.
Fig. 6 shows a horizontal gain directional diagram of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at the center frequency point, and it can be seen from the diagram that the side lobe and the back lobe in the vertical direction in the directional diagram are smaller, so that the directional receiving performance of the antenna operating at the center frequency is higher and the gain is higher.
Fig. 7 and 8 respectively show broadside radiation gain diagrams of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention when θ is 60 °/90 ° and Φ is 0 °, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the antenna gains of a small portion of frequency bands of 200 to 225MHz in the direction of θ 90 ° are slightly smaller than-2 dBi, the antenna radiation gains of the other frequency bands are all larger than-2 dBi, the antenna radiation gains of the antenna are all larger than-1 dBi in the direction of θ 60 ° and the gain is larger than 4.5dBi at 400 MHz. The antenna gain of the antenna is larger than-6 dBi in the direction of 90 degrees in the high-frequency band theta, when the antenna works near 1.2MHz, the antenna radiation gain can reach 15dBi, the antenna radiation gain of the antenna is larger than-8 dBi in the direction of 60 degrees in the high-frequency band theta, when the antenna works near 1.2MHz, the antenna radiation gain can reach 15dBi, and the design requirements can be met on the whole.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the radiation portion is optionally one of ferrite, simple substance metal, and alloy magnetic material, and other conductive medium materials may also be used. In addition, in the radiation part 12 of the present embodiment, the U-shaped grooves 121, which are symmetrically distributed at the outer sides of the first radiator 1241 and the second radiator 1242 and open laterally outward, may be replaced with one or a combination of semicircular grooves, semi-elliptical grooves, diamond grooves, and V-shaped grooves, and the partially shaped grooves 121 are shown in fig. 9 and 10. Further, the shape of the side load bar may alternatively be prismatic or cylindrical. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the position of the side loading strip and the width of the parasitic oscillator are not fixed, and the side loading strip can be grounded, or the number, the position and the width of the parasitic oscillator are reasonably designed to adjust the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation characteristics of the antenna.
In the embodiment, the width of the lower end of the antenna radiation part 12 gradually changes to the bottom end 123, and the gradual reduction degree of the outer sides of the first radiation body 1241 and the second radiation body 1242 is the same, so that the structural change of the antenna radiation part 12 at the connection position with the feed port is gentle, or the lower end of the antenna radiation part is set to be a chamfer type width gradual change or an arc line type width gradual change, or designed to be a step type width gradual change, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, such a design is also beneficial to antenna impedance matching, increases the working bandwidth of the antenna, and realizes ultra-wideband antenna.
In the invention, the structure of the groove and the side loading strip on the side edge of the radiation part is designed by adopting the elliptical disc-shaped top loading and the meander with proper resistance (size), so that the size of the antenna is effectively reduced, the working bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, and meanwhile, the antenna is further ensured to have good impedance matching in a broadband range by reasonably designing the short-circuit columns with different sizes and the positions thereof.
In addition, the structure of the antenna has higher low-frequency gain, so that the communication distance of the airborne system is increased.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", and the like, indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced components or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Further, in this document, the contained terms "include", "contain" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, a method, an article or an apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. An ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that the ultra-wideband antenna comprises:
a top load plate and a metal floor disposed opposite and parallel to each other; and
the radiation part is positioned between the top loading plate and the metal floor, the radiation part is in an axial symmetry structure, a symmetry axis penetrates through the center of the top loading plate and the center of the metal floor, the radiation part comprises a first radiation body and a second radiation body which are arranged back to back, the first radiation body and the second radiation body are positioned on the same surface and are in a knife shape, the top end of each radiation body is vertically connected with the top loading plate, and the bottom end of each radiation body is vertically connected with the metal floor,
the inner side edges of the radiators are connected back to back, grooves are formed in the outer side edges of the radiators, side loading strips are arranged on the outer side edges of the radiators, and the side loading strips are parallel to the symmetry axis and extend in the direction of the metal floor.
2. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of shorting posts connected vertically between the metal floor and the top load plate.
3. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein the plurality of shorting bars include a first shorting bar, a second shorting bar, and a third shorting bar, all parallel to the plane of the radiating portion, the first shorting bar and the second shorting bar are mirror symmetric with respect to the plane of the radiating portion, the third shorting bar is disposed between the first shorting bar and the radiating portion, and the width of the third shorting bar is greater than the width of the first shorting bar.
4. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
and a plurality of parasitic oscillators vertically connected to the metal floor and disposed around the radiating portion.
5. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein the plurality of parasitic elements comprise a first parasitic element and a second parasitic element, the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element being parallel to each other and perpendicular to a plane in which the radiating portion is located, and being respectively adjacent to an outer side of the first radiator and an outer side of the second radiator.
6. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 5, wherein the plurality of parasitic elements further comprises a third parasitic element and a fourth parasitic element, and the third parasitic element and the fourth parasitic element are parallel to each other and to a plane on which the radiating portion is located, and are respectively disposed on two sides of the radiating portion and are asymmetric.
7. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1,
the width of the bottom end of the radiation part is gradually reduced, a feed port is arranged in the center of the metal floor, and the bottom end of the radiation part is connected with a coaxial cable through the feed port.
8. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 7,
two chamfers with gradually reduced widths are formed at the bottom end of the radiation part.
9. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 7,
the width of the bottom end of the radiation part is gradually changed in a step-type width mode.
10. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1,
the top loading plate is in the shape of an elliptical disk, and the length of the long axis of the elliptical disk is greater than the length of the top end of the radiation part.
11. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1,
the opening of the groove is at least one of U-shaped, semicircular, semi-elliptical, rhombic and V-shaped.
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| CN201911334685.2A CN113097696A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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| CN201911334685.2A CN113097696A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113851826A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | 广东中元创新科技有限公司 | An indoor distributed antenna with single polarization and low out-of-roundness |
| CN115663455A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-31 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | A terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
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| CN115663455A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-31 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | A terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
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