CN113068698B - 一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物。一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物，其有效成分由藻酸丙二醇酯与双丙环虫酯、丁烯氟虫腈或戊吡虫胍二元复配而成。本发明杀虫组合物中两种有效成以一定质量比进行复配时，表现出增效作用，与单一有效成分相比，可以提高对澳洲坚果蚜虫的防治效果，基于此，可以减少药剂的施用剂量，降低防治成本；同时可以降低农药残留和减轻环境压力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
澳洲坚果又称昆士兰栗、夏威夷果和澳洲胡桃，是一种原产于澳洲的常绿果树，具有很高的经济价值、药用价值和营养价值，素来享有“干果之王”的美誉。澳洲坚果的产量和质量除了受自然环境的影响外，还会受到病害和虫害的影响，因此在澳洲坚果的种植过程中，必须加强对病虫害的控制。
蚜虫又称蜜虫、腻虫，属植食类昆虫。目前已经发现超过4000种蚜虫，且多为害虫。澳洲坚果上的蚜虫不仅直接影响其产量和品质，还能传播病害，且其排泄物引起的污染还会使枝叶产生霉病，情况严重时甚至会导致果树死亡。蚜虫主要对澳洲坚果的幼苗嫩梢以及成年果树的花穗、嫩梢和幼果等进行破坏，一旦发生蚜虫入侵，蚜虫会直接吸食澳洲坚果枝叶中的汁液，使叶片出现变形、发黄和卷缩，且花蕾也会枯萎，幼果随之脱落，严重影响澳洲坚果的产量和品质。
目前，对澳洲坚果上病虫害的的防治主要以喷施化学药剂为主，化学药剂具有见效快和防治效果好的优点，但同时化学药剂也存在抗药性、农药残留和环境污染的缺点，尤其是在长期施用单一化学药剂的情况下，化学药剂的负面作用就更为突出。将作用机理不同的农药有效成分进行复配后会表现出三种作用类型：相加、增效和拮抗。其中表现为增效类型的复配可以有效延缓抗药性的产生，同时与单剂相比可以提高对靶标病虫害的防治效果，以此可以降低化学药剂的施用剂量，降低农药残留和减轻环境污染。
藻酸丙二醇酯，分子式:(C9H14O7)n，其由海藻提取物经乳化过程制成的乳化悬浮液。海藻丙二醇酯是一种独特的杀虫物质，其通过物理机制触杀起效，其可快速封闭和堵塞害虫代谢的气孔，阻断害虫的循环通路和代谢最终使害虫致死。
双丙环虫酯是巴斯夫旗下的一种新型杀虫剂，其通过干扰昆虫香草酸瞬时受体通道复合物的调控而发挥作用，从而干扰昆虫的取食和其他行为，最终导致昆虫饥饿而死，可以有效防治刺吸式和吮吸式害虫，同时对环境友好。
丁烯氟虫腈是我国大连瑞泽农业股份有限公司创制的苯基吡唑类杀虫剂，其通过阻碍害虫γ-氨基丁酸控制的氯化物代谢，致害虫死亡。
戊吡虫胍属硝基缩氨基胍类化合物，兼具新烟碱类杀虫剂和钠离子通道抑制剂类杀虫剂的结构特征，因而也兼具这两类杀虫剂的杀虫谱，具有多作用靶标的特点。
本发明通过大量试验发现将藻酸丙二醇酯与双丙环虫酯、丁烯氟虫腈或戊吡虫胍以一定质量比进行二元复配时，表现出明显的增效作用。目前还未发现关于这方面的报道。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物，以解决长期施用单一化学药剂时存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物，其有效成分由藻酸丙二醇酯与双丙环虫酯、丁烯氟虫腈或戊吡虫胍二元复配而成。
作为优选，所述藻酸丙二醇酯和双丙环虫酯的质量比为1-50：50-1。
作为优选，所述藻酸丙二醇酯和丁烯氟虫腈的质量比为1-9：9-1。
作为优选，所述藻酸丙二醇酯和戊吡虫胍的质量比为1-25：100-1。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明杀虫组合物中两种有效成分杀虫机理不同，可以有效延缓害虫抗药性的产生，可以有效降低施用单一有效成分时来带的抗药性风险。
(2)本发明杀虫组合物中两种有效成以一定质量比进行复配时，表现出增效作用，与单一有效成分相比，可以提高对澳洲坚果蚜虫的防治效果，基于此，可以减少药剂的施用剂量，降低防治成本；同时可以降低农药残留和减轻环境压力。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例：藻酸丙二醇酯复配的室内生物活性试验
试验对象：澳洲坚果蚜虫，在实验室内饲养，选择若虫为试验对象；
供试药剂：98％藻酸丙二醇酯原药、92.5％双丙环虫酯原药、96％丁烯氟虫腈原药和99％戊吡虫胍原药；
试验方法：参考《NY/T 1154.6-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂第6部分：杀虫活性试验浸虫法》；
1.将原药用乙醇溶解配制单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂及每组配比混剂均按等比方法设置多个梯度质量浓度，每个质量浓度药液50mL；
2.将试虫浸入药液中8s，用滤纸吸取多余药液后转移至正常条件下饲养，每个处理重复4次，每重复浸虫25头，并设只含有乙醇的处理作为空白对照；
3.处理后24h观察试虫的死亡情况，并计算死亡率，然后用DPS软件计算各单剂和不同配比混剂的EC50，并根据孙云沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)。
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂EC50/供试药剂EC50)×100；
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量；
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
按照联合作用划分标准：
共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用；
共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用；
80<共毒系数(CTC)<120表现为相加作用。
实验结果见表1-3。
表1藻酸丙二醇酯和双丙环虫酯复配对澳洲坚果蚜虫的室内生物活性测定
由表1可知，藻酸丙二醇酯和双丙环虫酯在质量比为1-50：50-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即藻酸丙二醇酯和双丙环虫酯复配后对澳洲坚果蚜虫的生物活性表现为增效作用。
表2藻酸丙二醇酯和丁烯氟虫腈复配对澳洲坚果蚜虫的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯 | 3.32 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 丁烯氟虫腈 | 2.21 | 150.23 | -- | -- |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈9 | 1.35 | 245.93 | 145.20 | 169.37 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈8 | 1.14 | 291.23 | 144.65 | 201.34 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈6 | 0.92 | 360.87 | 143.05 | 252.27 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈4 | 0.64 | 518.75 | 140.18 | 370.06 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈2 | 0.58 | 572.41 | 133.48 | 428.83 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯1：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 0.81 | 409.88 | 125.11 | 327.60 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯2：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 1.25 | 265.60 | 116.74 | 227.51 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯4：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 1.76 | 188.64 | 110.05 | 171.42 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯6：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 2.32 | 143.10 | 107.18 | 133.52 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯8：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 1.03 | 322.33 | 105.58 | 305.29 |
| 藻酸丙二醇酯9：丁烯氟虫腈1 | 2.51 | 132.27 | 105.02 | 125.95 |
由表2可知，藻酸丙二醇酯和丁烯氟虫腈在质量比为1-9：9-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即藻酸丙二醇酯和丁烯氟虫腈复配后对澳洲坚果蚜虫的生物活性表现为增效作用。
表3藻酸丙二醇酯和戊吡虫胍复配对澳洲坚果蚜虫的室内生物活性测定
由表3可知，藻酸丙二醇酯和戊吡虫胍在质量比为1-25：100-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即藻酸丙二醇酯和戊吡虫胍复配后对澳洲坚果蚜虫的生物活性表现为增效作用。
综上可述，本发明的藻酸丙二醇酯与双丙环虫酯、丁烯氟虫腈或戊吡虫胍以一定质量比进行二元复配时，共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。可以提高对澳洲坚果蚜虫的防治效果，基于此，减少可以减少药剂的施用剂量，降低防治成本；同时可以降低农药残留和减轻环境压力。
Claims (1)
1.一种防治澳洲坚果蚜虫的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，其有效成分由藻酸丙二醇酯与双丙环虫酯复配而成；所述藻酸丙二醇酯和双丙环虫酯的质量比为1-50：50-1。
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