CN113061658A - Gene for breast cancer genetic screening and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a group of genes for breast cancer genetic screening and also discloses a kit for capturing the genes. The kit comprises a probe for capturing RECQL4 gene, wherein the capture region of the probe is the chromosome number: chr 8; area position: 144511288-144517833; area: exon regions and exon-intron junction regions. By detecting whether the RECQL4 gene is mutated, the risk of suffering from breast cancer in the human population can be identified. Therefore, the breast cancer susceptible population can know the cancer risk in advance, and the clinical guidance significance is better. Meanwhile, mutation pressure of the RECQL4 gene mutation patient is remarkably improved, and the mutation pressure is an important marker for good prognosis of immunotherapy, so that the RECQL4 gene mutation breast cancer patient is prompted to possibly benefit from the immunotherapy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and relates to a gene for carrying out molecular typing on a highly invasive tumor, and application of the gene in predicting occurrence and transfer risks of the highly invasive tumor.
Background
Cancer is considered to be a major cause of death and a significant obstacle to extending life expectancy in every country in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate in 2019, cancer is a few two causes of death in people with age less than 70 years in 112 of 183 countries, with the mortality rate of cancer ranked third or fourth in the other 23 countries. The importance of cancer as a major cause of death has further increased. According to the statistics of 2020, the incidence rate of female breast cancer exceeds that of lung cancer, and the breast cancer becomes the most frequently occurring cancer type in the world, and the incidence rate of female breast cancer is 11.7% in the new 1930 ten thousand cancer patients. Breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with 685,000 deaths in 2020. In women, breast cancer accounts for one-fourth of the cancer cases, one-sixth of the cancer deaths, ranking first in incidence in the vast majority of countries (159 out of 185 countries) and first in mortality in 110 countries.
In many european americans, the incidence of breast cancer has increased rapidly during the 1980 s and 1990 s, and then, in the early 2000 s, the incidence has tended to decline or stabilize, largely due to the reduced use of menopausal hormone therapy and the plateau in which screening is involved. The incidence of disease has been rising slowly in the european and american countries since 2007. According to the follow-up information and the tumor molecular marker of cancer patients, the European and American countries find that the newly increased incidence rate after 2007 is limited to estrogen receptor positive cancers, and the incidence rate of estrogen receptor negative cancers is decreasing. Therefore, with the improvement of the detection technology, the detection rate of the breast cancer is also improved. The incidence rate of breast cancer is the first in China, but the fatality rate of breast cancer is lower than that of lung cancer in China. According to the cancer patient information registered in china in 2015, about 15% of new cancer patients are breast cancer.
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the causative factors include genetic factors, hormone levels, environmental factors, and the like. About 10% to 15% of cancer patients have a family genetic history. With the identification of the highly exogenic tumor susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, genetic screening for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes facilitated the assessment and control of breast cancer genetic risk. Although gene screening for breast cancer has gradually become a routine clinical detection scheme, the current gene screening for breast cancer only comprises a few genes, which greatly limits the evaluation of tumor susceptibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gene for evaluating the cancer risk of breast cancer and a detection kit thereof aiming at genetic screening of breast cancer patients without BRCA1/2 mutation.
The invention provides a gene for predicting the cancer risk of breast cancer, which is RECQL4 gene.
The invention provides a detection kit for cancer risk of breast cancer and breast cancer prognosis analysis, which comprises a probe for capturing the RECQL4 gene.
Wherein, the detection kit preferably further comprises: the kit comprises a genome DNA extraction reagent, a library construction reagent, a second-generation sequencing reagent and one or more reagents selected from terminal repair enzyme, terminal repair reaction buffer solution, DNA ligase, connection reaction buffer solution, a joint containing a molecular label, a library amplification primer, PCR premix solution, a joint blocking agent, a DNA blocking agent, hybridization buffer solution, a hybridization enhancer, magnetic bead washing solution, hybridization washing solution, a capture library PCR primer, a quality control product, a nucleic acid purification magnetic bead and a streptavidin magnetic bead.
Wherein the genomic DNA extraction reagent is a genomic DNA extraction reagent which is conventional in the field.
Wherein, the library constructing reagent and the second generation sequencing reagent are reagents which are conventionally used in the field, as long as the requirements of constructing the library by the obtained sequence and carrying out the second generation sequencing can be met. The second generation sequencing is conventional in the art.
The detection kit of the present invention preferably further comprises an instrument for extracting a detection sample from the detection object; more preferably, the device further comprises a device for extracting tissue or blood from the body of the detected object or the tumor patient, and the device is preferably any blood extracting needle, syringe and the like which can be used for blood extraction.
The test sample of the present invention is preferably a tissue derived from a test subject, as long as the genomic DNA of the test subject can be extracted from the test sample. The test sample is preferably one or more of a tissue sample, blood, plasma and body fluid, more preferably a tissue sample, more preferably a paraffin tissue sample, preferably a tissue with a high tumor cell content.
The detection kit is suitable for breast cancer genetic risk assessment, and the use method comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the double-stranded nucleic acid of the genome DNA in blood and tissue samples;
(2) performing denaturation treatment on the DNA double-stranded nucleic acid obtained in the step (1) to obtain a DNA single strand, and capturing the DNA single strand of the RECQL4 gene by using a capture probe; the capture area is as follows: chromosome number: chr 8; area position: 144511288-144517833; area: exon regions and exon-intron junction regions. Designing probes for capture objects is a common technique in the art, and sequence capture of probes includes, but is not limited to, chromosome numbering: chr 8; area position: 144511288-144517833; area: exon regions and exon-intron junction regions.
(3) Sequencing the DNA single strand captured in the step (2) to obtain a nucleic acid sequence in blood and tissue samples;
(4) carrying out automatic processing on the nucleic acid sequence obtained in the step (3), and calculating the number of variation sites of RECQL4 gene in a tissue sample, wherein if the number of the variation sites is 0, the nucleic acid sequence is a wild type RECQL 4; if the number of the mutation sites is more than 0, the mutation type is RECQL4, and the probability of suffering from breast cancer is high.
Wherein the extraction method, the library construction method, the sequencing method and the gene variation site calculation method in the steps (1-4) are all conventional methods in the field.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the invention provides a gene for predicting the cancer risk of non-BRCA 1/2 breast cancer for the first time, and provides a prognostic marker for non-BRCA 1/2 breast cancer, wherein a RECQL4 gene prognostic prediction model is used for distinguishing patients with poorer prognosis and better prognosis. The mutation pressure of the RECQL4 gene mutation breast cancer patient is remarkably improved, and the mutation pressure is an important marker for good prognosis of immunotherapy, so that the RECQL4 gene mutation breast cancer patient is suggested to possibly benefit from the immunotherapy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical plot of microsatellite instability scores for RECQL4 mutant and wild-type patients;
FIG. 2 shows the result of analyzing the mutation status of RECQL4 gene of breast cancer patients and the overall survival time of breast cancer patients. Patients in the RECQL4 mutant group had poorer prognosis and higher risk of death compared to patients in the RECQL4 wild-type group. Hr (hazard ratio): a risk ratio; CI (Confidence Interval): a confidence interval; p values were calculated using the LogRank test.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the specific examples, without thereby being limited to the scope of the examples described. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The following are experimental methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples, according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of genomic DNA sample and determination of tumor mutation site
In order to detect the tumor susceptibility genes of the breast cancer, the invention analyzes the tumor susceptibility genes in two stages, and the first stage completes the reanalysis of the sequencing data of the whole exome of 10 non-BRCA 1/2 family hereditary type breast cancer samples and the sequencing data of 78 sporadic breast cancer samples. The data is derived from the SRA database. Through the first stage of tumor susceptibility gene analysis, high-frequency genes in a TCGA database and a COSMIC database and a NCCN hereditary breast cancer diagnosis and treatment guide are further combined, the invention designs a gene group (table 1) comprising 226 genes, and a capture probe aiming at the gene group is customized and used for the second stage of sequencing. The second stage uses the capture probe to complete the target sequencing work of 213 breast cancer tissue specimens (samples collected). All specimens were collected to the second hospital affiliated with the Zhejiang university medical college and the excess specimens after pathological diagnosis were used for sequencing studies for the patients surgically excised tissue specimens.
TABLE 1 Gene List
Example 2 identification of novel Breast cancer susceptibility genes
To identify new breast cancer susceptibility genes, a case-control based whole exome association analysis was performed on 78 sporadic breast cancer samples with 260 female normal samples of east asian populations collected in a thousand human Genome (1000Genome) database. Rare variations of RECQL4 were significantly enriched in breast cancer patients relative to normal samples with P0.00064 and relative risk (odd ratio) OR 8.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.86-40.53), as shown in table 2. The RECQL4 gene is suggested to be a breast cancer susceptibility gene and can be used for breast cancer genetic screening.
TABLE 2 Breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation profiles in east Asian population
In the table, LRM indicates Low risk of metastasis (Low risk of metastasis), HRM indicates High risk of metastasis (High risk of metastasis)
Example 3RECQL4 mutation can result in significant elevation of patient catastrophe
Analysis of whole exome data by MSIsensor (n 88), with 5 patients presenting RECQL4 copy number variation and 4 patients presenting RECQL4 point mutation, we found that the microsatellite instability of the RECQL4 mutant patients was significantly elevated (P <0.001), suggesting that the mutation pressure of the RECQL4 mutant patients was significantly elevated (figure 1). Since mutation is an important marker for good prognosis of immunotherapy, it is suggested that patients with mutations in RECQL4 gene may benefit from immunotherapy.
Example 4 survival model of breast cancer prediction by RECQL4 variant status
Survival analysis is an important means to assess whether a factor is associated with the prognosis of a patient. Among all data in example 1 (n 301), breast cancer patients were divided into two groups, one group being a RECQL4 variant group, including simple variants and copy number variants, for a total of 56, according to the variant status of RECQL 4; the other group is the wild group of RECQL4, and the total number is 245. The results of Log-rank test show that the two groups have significant difference (P is 0.0057), the invention further uses a one-factor Cox proportional risk model to evaluate the relationship between the RECQL4 gene variation state and the overall survival time, and the calculated risk ratio is 1.56 (the 95% confidence interval is 1.13-2.12), compared with the patients in the mutant group, the patients in the wild group with the RECQL4 gene have better prognosis and lower death risk. Therefore, the present invention finds that the overall survival of patients with RECQL4 variation is worse by detecting the mutation status of the RECQL4 gene (FIG. 2). The breast cancer is a highly genetic heterogeneous disease, so that the gene screening result of a patient needs to be comprehensively judged in clinical practice by combining the detection result of the kit and other clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines.
Claims (10)
1. The gene for breast cancer genetic screening is characterized in that the gene is RECQL4 gene.
2. The gene of claim 1, wherein the breast cancer comprises: non-BRCA 1/2 mutant breast cancer.
3. Use of a reagent for detecting the gene of claim 1 in the preparation of a kit for predicting risk of breast cancer and a kit for analyzing prognosis of breast cancer.
4. A kit for genetic screening of breast cancer, wherein the kit for detection comprises: a probe for capturing the gene of claim 1.
5. The test kit of claim 4, wherein the capture region of the probe is chromosome number: chr 8; area position: 144511288-144517833; area: exon regions and exon-intron junction regions.
6. The test kit of claim 4, further comprising: extracting reagent of genome DNA, constructing reagent of library and second generation sequencing reagent.
7. The test kit of claim 4, further comprising an instrument for extracting a test sample from a test subject.
8. A breast cancer prognosis assay kit, wherein the kit for detection comprises: a probe for capturing the gene of claim 1.
9. The test kit of claim 8, wherein the capture region of the probe is chromosome number: chr 8; area position: 144511288-144517833; area: exon regions and exon-intron junction regions.
10. The test kit of claim 8, further comprising: extracting reagent of genome DNA, constructing reagent of library and second generation sequencing reagent.
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Title |
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CN119331826A (en) * | 2024-12-18 | 2025-01-21 | 智在汉青生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Immune cells expressing non-secretory IL-10 for enhancing cellular immunotherapy, preparation method and use thereof |
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