CN113059144A - Device and method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113059144A CN113059144A CN202110505698.2A CN202110505698A CN113059144A CN 113059144 A CN113059144 A CN 113059144A CN 202110505698 A CN202110505698 A CN 202110505698A CN 113059144 A CN113059144 A CN 113059144A
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- liquid mixture
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- metal
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004801 process automation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
- B22D33/02—Turning or transposing moulds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture, which comprises a vibration table, wherein a fixed frame is arranged on the vibration table, a tilting motor and a tilting shaft are respectively arranged on the fixed frame, the tilting motor drives the tilting shaft to rotate, the tilting shaft is fixedly connected with a tilting frame through a back plate, a hydraulic jack is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the tilting frame, the upper part of the hydraulic jack is connected with a movable die for fixing a charging barrel, and a fixed die for fixing a crucible is arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the tilting frame. The device drives the melt to violently vibrate in the material containing crucible through the vibration table, and the vibration is used for providing power to break dendritic crystals in the process, so that the grain refinement degree of the solid-liquid mixture is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the treatment method is external treatment, and cannot pollute the interior of the melt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal casting, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture.
Background
Semi-solid forming generally involves two modes, namely rheoforming and thixoforming. However, due to the disadvantages of long process flow, high production cost and the like of thixoforming, the study in academic and business circles at home and abroad focuses on the rheoforming process. At present, the rheoforming method generally comprises a mechanical stirring method, a single-roller rotation method, an electromagnetic rotation method, an ultrasonic vibration method, a semi-solid-liquid mixture preparation method such as direct current pulse and the like, but because the processes do not horizontally transfer during melt transfer and turbulent flow exists on the surface, the melt entering a metal mold often generates air entrainment, thereby generating air holes.
Gravity casting refers to a process of pouring a molten metal solution into a cavity of a mold under the action of gravity to form a casting through crystallization and solidification, and also gravity casting. Among the prior art, the shaping casting die utensil is more single, adopts the casting passageway of straight-up straight down mostly, and it is fast to fill the type during casting, and the scouring force is big, easily produces the splash, and gas comes too late discharge in the pouring gate, can produce the impact force in the die cavity bottom simultaneously, can cause certain influence to the shaping, and the cooling back is because waste gas, the waste material that produces when casting the molten iron can not effectual discharge lead to behind the steel shaping roughness great, influence the quality of foundry goods.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a device for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture, which comprises a vibration table, wherein a fixed frame is arranged on the vibration table, a tilting motor and a tilting shaft are respectively arranged on the fixed frame, the tilting motor drives the tilting shaft to rotate, the tilting shaft is fixedly connected with a tilting frame through a back plate, a hydraulic jack is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the tilting frame, the upper part of the hydraulic jack is connected with a movable die for fixing a charging barrel, and a fixed die for fixing a crucible is arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the tilting frame.
In the invention, the tilting frame is of a U-shaped structure.
In the present invention, the movable die and the fixed die are located on the same axis.
In the invention, the fixing frame comprises a connecting rod positioned at the bottom of the tilting shaft, and the middle part of the connecting rod is provided with a vertical limiting plate for limiting the tilting frame 3.
According to the invention, the tilting shaft is connected to the upper end of the tilting frame through the tilting bearing, the tilting gear is arranged on the tilting shaft, the tilting motor is connected with the tilting motor gear, and the tilting motor gear is connected to the tilting gear through the worm so as to drive the tilting shaft to rotate.
In the invention, the vibration table is driven to vibrate by the vibration motor.
The fixed die comprises a fixed die frame, one side in the fixed die frame is provided with a group of fixed die hydraulic cylinders, the fixed die hydraulic cylinders are connected to a fixed die push rod, the outer side of the fixed die push rod is provided with a first fixed groove, and the other side in the fixed die frame is provided with a second fixed groove.
According to the invention, the movable die comprises a movable die frame, one side in the movable die frame is provided with a group of movable die hydraulic cylinders, the movable die hydraulic cylinders are connected to a movable die push rod, a third fixing groove is formed in the outer side of the movable die push rod, and a fourth fixing groove is formed in the other side in the movable die frame.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the metal solid-liquid mixture, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating the metal to be molten and pouring the molten metal into the charging barrel;
step 2: the charging barrel is fixed in the movable die, and the crucible is inversely fixed in the fixed die.
And step 3: controlling the hydraulic jack to lift so that the charging barrel is tightly matched with the crucible;
and 4, step 4: starting a tilting motor to drive a tilting frame to tilt by 180 degrees;
and 5: starting a vibration motor to vibrate, and continuously vibrating the molten metal in the crucible to obtain a semi-solid-liquid mixture.
In the present invention, the tilting angular velocity in step 4 is 0.35 rad/s.
Has the advantages that: the device achieves horizontal transfer when transferring the molten metal, so that no entrainment gas exists in the molten metal, the number of air holes is reduced, and clean melt is achieved.
The device drives the melt to violently vibrate in the material containing crucible through the vibration table, and the vibration is used for providing power to break dendritic crystals in the process, so that the grain refinement degree of the solid-liquid mixture is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the treatment method is external treatment, and cannot pollute the interior of the melt.
The metal solid-liquid mixture prepared by the device is wholly vibrated in the crucible, so that the uniformity of the metal solid-liquid mixture treatment is ensured.
The device has simple structure and convenient operation, the whole operation action can be controlled by electrons, and the process automation is realized by the control of the transfer, the treatment and the like of the solid-liquid mixture.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stent construction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a moving mold structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the grain microstructure of the example samples.
Wherein: the tilting mechanism comprises a fixed frame 1, a back plate 2, a tilting frame 3, a connecting rod 4, a motor fixing plate 5, a vibration motor 6, a tilting motor 7, a hydraulic jack 8, a fixed die 9, a moving die 10, a tilting bearing 11, a tilting shaft 12, a tilting gear 13, a tilting motor gear 14, a vertical limiting plate 15, a worm 16 and a vibration table 17.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
as fig. 1, this embodiment provides a device for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture, including shaking table 17, be equipped with mount 1 on the shaking table 23, be equipped with on the mount 1 respectively and vert motor 7 and vert the axle 12, the axle 12 that verts is driven to vert the motor 7 and rotates, the axle 12 that verts is through 2 fixed connection tilt frame 3 on the backplate, the inboard bottom of tilt frame is equipped with hydraulic jack 8, the removal mould 10 that is used for fixed feed cylinder is connected on hydraulic jack 8 upper portion, the inboard upper portion of tilt frame is equipped with the fixed mould 9 that is used for fixed crucible.
The tilting frame of the embodiment is of a U-shaped structure.
The moving die 10 and the fixed die 9 of the present embodiment are located on the same axis.
This embodiment mount is equipped with the vertical limiting plate 15 spacing to tilting frame 3 including being located the connecting rod 4 of 12 bottoms of the axle that verts, connecting rod middle part.
The axle 12 that verts of this embodiment is connected in tilting frame 3 upper end through tilting bearing 11, is equipped with the gear 13 that verts on the axle 12 that verts, and the motor gear 14 that verts is connected to the motor 7 that verts, thereby the motor gear 14 that verts is connected to the gear 13 that verts through worm 16 and drives the axle 12 that verts and rotate.
The vibration table 17 of the present embodiment is vibrated by the vibration motor 6.
Referring to fig. 2, the fixed mold 9 of the present embodiment includes a fixed mold frame 9a having a set of fixed mold hydraulic cylinders 9b provided at one side thereof and connected to a fixed mold push rod 9c having a first fixing groove 9d provided at an outer side thereof and a second fixing groove 9e provided at the other side thereof.
As shown in fig. 3, the moving mold 10 of the present embodiment includes a moving mold frame 10a, a set of moving mold hydraulic cylinders 10b are disposed on one side of the moving mold frame, the moving mold hydraulic cylinders are connected to a moving mold pushing rod 10c, a third fixing groove 10d is disposed on the outer side of the moving mold pushing rod, and a fourth fixing groove 10e is disposed on the other side of the moving mold frame.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the metal solid-liquid mixture, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating the metal to be molten and pouring the molten metal into the charging barrel;
step 2: the barrel is fixed in a movable mold 10, and the crucible is fixed upside down in a fixed mold 9.
And step 3: controlling the hydraulic jack 8 to lift so that the charging barrel is tightly matched with the crucible;
and 4, step 4: starting the tilting motor 7 to drive the tilting frame 3 to tilt by 180 degrees;
and 5: starting the vibration motor 6 to vibrate, so that the molten metal continuously vibrates in the crucible to obtain a semi-solid-liquid mixture.
In the present invention, the tilting angular velocity in step 4 is 0.35 rad/s.
The fixed die 9 and the movable die 10 are made of 304 stainless steel, the temperature measuring elements are arranged inside the fixed die and the movable die, the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the fixed die and the movable die, and the purpose of tightly extruding and die assembling is achieved through the lifting of the hydraulic jack.
The working process of the metal solid-liquid mixture preparation device of the embodiment is divided into a treatment process and a discharging process.
The treatment process comprises the following steps: the material is heated to be molten, then the material barrel is transferred into the moving die 10, after the material barrel is checked to be stable, the moving die hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, so that the moving die push rod locks the material barrel, and the temperature is detected through the temperature control element. When the temperature of the smelted metal liquid reaches 10-20 ℃ above the liquidus line, the hydraulic jack 8 is controlled to lift so that the charging barrel is tightly matched with the crucible. And controlling the tilting motor 7 to perform the tilting process when the metal liquid is tightly extruded, wherein the angular speed is controlled to be 0.35rad/s in the whole tilting process so as to ensure that the metal liquid does not generate turbulent flow and is stably transferred. After the tilting is finished, the hydraulic jack releases the pressure to separate the moving mold, and then the vibration motor 6 is started to vibrate at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, so that the molten metal continuously vibrates in the material containing crucible to achieve the purpose of crushing dendritic crystals, and thus, a semi-solid-liquid mixture is obtained. When the molten metal is transferred from the charging barrel to the processing crucible, the nucleation is promoted due to the lower temperature of the processing crucible; and because the molten metal keeps horizontal transfer all the time in the transfer process and has no surface turbulence, the probability of gas entrapment is very low. Through violent vibration, the semi-solid-liquid mixture has finer and more uniform crystal grains, larger spheroidization degree, more uniform tissue distribution and no formation of pores.
The unloading process comprises the following steps: the movable die can be separated after the pressure of the hydraulic jack is released, and after oscillation and swing are finished, the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to release the pressure to obtain a processing crucible for subsequent sampling.
As shown in fig. 4, the microstructure of the alloy after corrosion under an optical metallographic microscope. It is obvious that most of the microstructures in the sixth figure are in the form of dispersed spheres or independent individuals, and no obvious tissue with adhesion and branch morphology exists any more. The invention mainly aims to treat the molten metal in a state that the metal is still liquid, so that the solidified metal structure does not have a microstructure with large-area adhesion or dendritic morphology, and the stress concentration is greatly reduced in such a way, thereby strengthening the metal casting and other metal products formed in such a way.
The invention transfers the molten metal into the die by simple mechanical action, in the transfer process, the molten metal is tilted to 180 degrees from 0 degree, the speed is maintained to be stable, the molten metal is transferred stably, and no turbulence is generated on the surface. After finishing transferring, utilize the shaking table vibration to make the mould drive inside fuse-element and carry out quick small-amplitude vibration, provide the inside crystal nucleus breakage that forms of shearing force messenger molten metal to reach the inside crystal balling of material, and distribute evenly, inside does not have the gassing, defects such as no hole, shrinkage cavity.
The present invention provides a device and a method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture, and a method and a way for implementing the technical scheme are many, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture, a serial communication port, including shaking table (17), be equipped with mount (1) on shaking table (17), be equipped with tilting motor (7) and tilting shaft (12) on the mount respectively, tilting motor (7) drive tilting shaft (12) and rotate, tilting shaft (12) through backplate (2) fixed connection tilting frame (3), tilting frame inboard bottom is equipped with hydraulic jack (8), moving die (10) that are used for fixed feed cylinder are connected on hydraulic jack (8) upper portion, tilting frame inboard upper portion is equipped with fixed mould (9) that are used for fixed crucible.
2. An apparatus for preparing a metal solid liquid mixture according to claim 1 wherein the tilting frame is of U-shaped configuration.
3. An apparatus for the preparation of a metal mixture of solids and liquids according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile die (10) and the fixed die (9) are located on the same axis.
4. Device for the preparation of a metal solid-liquid mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that said fixed frame comprises a connecting rod (4) at the bottom of the tilting shaft (12), the middle of which is provided with a vertical limit plate (15) for limiting the tilting frame (3).
5. The apparatus for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture according to claim 1, wherein the tilting shaft (12) is connected to the tilting frame (3) through a tilting bearing (11), a tilting gear (13) is provided on the tilting shaft (12), the tilting motor (7) is connected to a tilting motor gear (14), and the tilting motor gear (14) is connected to the tilting gear (13) through a worm (16) to rotate the tilting shaft (12).
6. An apparatus for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture according to claim 1 characterized in that said oscillating table (17) is set into oscillation by an oscillating motor (6).
7. The apparatus for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture according to claim 1, wherein the fixed mold (9) comprises a fixed mold frame (9 a), a set of fixed mold hydraulic cylinders (9 b) are arranged on one side in the fixed mold frame, the fixed mold hydraulic cylinders are connected to a fixed mold push rod (9 c), a first fixing groove (9 d) is arranged on the outer side of the fixed mold push rod, and a second fixing groove (9 e) is arranged on the other side in the fixed mold frame.
8. An apparatus for preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture according to claim 1, wherein the moving die (10) comprises a moving die frame (10 a), a set of moving die hydraulic cylinders (10 b) is arranged on one side in the moving die frame, the moving die hydraulic cylinders are connected to a moving die push rod (10 c), a third fixing groove (10 d) is arranged on the outer side of the moving die push rod, and a fourth fixing groove (10 e) is arranged on the other side in the moving die frame.
9. A method of preparing a metal solid-liquid mixture, comprising the steps of:
step 1: heating the metal to be molten and pouring the molten metal into the charging barrel;
step 2: fixing the charging barrel in the movable mould, and inversely fixing the crucible in the fixed mould;
and step 3: controlling the hydraulic jack to lift so that the charging barrel is tightly matched with the crucible;
and 4, step 4: starting a tilting motor to drive a tilting frame to tilt by 180 degrees;
and 5: starting a vibration motor to vibrate, and continuously vibrating the molten metal in the crucible to obtain a semi-solid-liquid mixture.
10. A process for the preparation of a metallic solid-liquid mixture according to claim 9 characterized in that the tilting angle speed in step 4 is 0.35 rad/s.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110505698.2A CN113059144A (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2021-05-10 | Device and method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110505698.2A CN113059144A (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2021-05-10 | Device and method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113059144A true CN113059144A (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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| CN202110505698.2A Pending CN113059144A (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2021-05-10 | Device and method for preparing metal solid-liquid mixture |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101658919A (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-03 | 重庆大学 | Bidirectional composite deflection tilting gravity casting method and device thereof |
| CN101875105A (en) * | 2009-11-21 | 2010-11-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for preparing semi-solid slurry |
| CN102062543A (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2011-05-18 | 西安交通大学 | Electromagnetic stirring and vibration combined device for preparing semi-solid slurry of black metal |
| CN204842891U (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-09 | 商洛学院 | Half multi -functional solid -state thick liquids preparation facilities |
| CN106583678A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市银宝山新压铸科技有限公司 | Vibration and swing pulping machine |
| CN107824752A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of device for preparing metal semi-solid slurry |
| CN108907144A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 | A kind of semi-solid squeeze casting vibration embryo equipment processed |
| CN111266546A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-12 | 东莞市无疆科技投资有限公司 | Semi-solid alloy die-casting forming equipment and casting rheologic forming process thereof |
| CN112404370A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-26 | 合肥熠辉轻合金科技有限公司 | Device and method for preparing semi-solid metal through rotating vibration vertical straight pipe channel |
-
2021
- 2021-05-10 CN CN202110505698.2A patent/CN113059144A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101658919A (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2010-03-03 | 重庆大学 | Bidirectional composite deflection tilting gravity casting method and device thereof |
| CN101875105A (en) * | 2009-11-21 | 2010-11-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for preparing semi-solid slurry |
| CN102062543A (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2011-05-18 | 西安交通大学 | Electromagnetic stirring and vibration combined device for preparing semi-solid slurry of black metal |
| CN204842891U (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-09 | 商洛学院 | Half multi -functional solid -state thick liquids preparation facilities |
| CN106583678A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市银宝山新压铸科技有限公司 | Vibration and swing pulping machine |
| CN107824752A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of device for preparing metal semi-solid slurry |
| CN108907144A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 | A kind of semi-solid squeeze casting vibration embryo equipment processed |
| CN111266546A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-12 | 东莞市无疆科技投资有限公司 | Semi-solid alloy die-casting forming equipment and casting rheologic forming process thereof |
| CN112404370A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-26 | 合肥熠辉轻合金科技有限公司 | Device and method for preparing semi-solid metal through rotating vibration vertical straight pipe channel |
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Application publication date: 20210702 |