Impact type rotary nozzle for SCR system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine aftertreatment, and relates to an impact type rotary nozzle for an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system.
Background
To meet ever stricter NOx emission limits, most diesel engines are fitted with selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR systems). The principle of the SCR system is that aqueous urea solution is injected into the exhaust gas of the diesel engine, and NH3 generated by the decomposition of the aqueous urea solution reduces NOx in the exhaust gas to N2 and H2O under the action of a catalyst. In SCR systems, adequate mixing of the aqueous urea solution with the exhaust gas is very important. The good mixing can improve the conversion efficiency of NOx, save the using amount of a catalyst and reduce the cost; meanwhile, the length of the exhaust pipeline can be shortened to some extent, so that the heat dissipation capacity of exhaust can be reduced, and the SCR system can be arranged more compactly.
The nozzle is arranged in the exhaust pipe, the urea aqueous solution is sprayed into the exhaust pipe through the nozzle, and the urea aqueous solution is mixed with the exhaust gas flow and flows to the catalyst at the same time. The spray holes of the traditional urea aqueous solution spray nozzle are single holes or multiple holes, and the urea aqueous solution can be sprayed out only by one or more streams and cannot be uniformly distributed in the circumferential space of the exhaust pipe. In order to mix the urea aqueous solution with the exhaust gas sufficiently, a long exhaust line is required, and a mixer is often required. This increases the overall size of the SCR system, as well as the aqueous urea spray tends to deposit on the mixer, causing crystallization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects and provides an impact type rotary nozzle for an SCR system, which can realize that urea aqueous solution can be fully mixed with exhaust gas after being sprayed out from a nozzle spray hole, thereby greatly shortening the length of an exhaust pipeline, avoiding urea crystallization without designing a mixer, and effectively solving the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the impact type rotary nozzle for the SCR system adopts the technical scheme that the impact type rotary nozzle comprises a nozzle shell, a nozzle body, an impact ring and a turbine, wherein the nozzle body is positioned on the inner side of the nozzle shell and is in rotating connection with the inner side of the nozzle shell;
the nozzle body is in a multi-section stepped cylindrical shape, one end of the nozzle body is provided with a plurality of spray holes, the other end of the nozzle body is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the turbine is connected with the nozzle body through countersunk screws;
the impact ring is circular, one end of the cross section is wedge-shaped, the other end of the cross section is oval, and the impact ring is connected with the nozzle shell in a welding mode through the support column.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the nozzle body is in a step-shaped cylindrical shape, the inner section of the nozzle body is in a tapered structure, 4 to 6 spray holes are formed in the front part of the nozzle body, a tapered roller bearing is arranged on the outer side of the nozzle body, the inner diameter of the tapered roller bearing is matched with the nozzle body, the outer diameter of the tapered roller bearing is matched with the nozzle shell, and a sealing ring is arranged on the rear side of the tapered roller bearing.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the rear portion of the nozzle housing is connected to the pipe joint through a thread, the inner side of the rear portion of the nozzle housing is provided with a third gasket ring, the nozzle housing and the pipe joint are sealed through the third gasket ring, the front portion of the nozzle housing is provided with a through hole, the rear portion of the nozzle housing is provided with an internal thread, and both sides of the pipe joint are provided with external threads.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the sealing ring is of a hollow conical structure, the sealing ring is arranged in a stepped groove of the nozzle body, and the outer edge of the sealing ring is axially positioned through the first backing ring and the second backing ring.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact ring is disposed at a position lower than an extension line of a center line of the front nozzle hole of the nozzle body.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the front spray hole of the nozzle body selects a proper spray cone angle according to the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the turbine is backward-curved blades, which can make a large surface contact with the urea aqueous solution to generate a large thrust to accelerate the rotation of the nozzle body, and the blades are embedded in the turbine housing and have 12 to 16 blades.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the turbine having a larger diameter may be attached to the rear side of the nozzle body to facilitate the rotation of the nozzle body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the impact type rotary nozzle enables the nozzle to rotate at a high speed by arranging the turbine, and the impact ring matched with the spraying cone angle of the spraying hole is arranged, so that the urea aqueous solution spraying is circumferentially and uniformly distributed in the exhaust pipe, the atomization state of the urea aqueous solution is further enhanced, the urea aqueous solution spraying and the diesel engine exhaust are fully and uniformly mixed, the length of the exhaust pipe can be shortened, and the SCR system is more compact. Meanwhile, the nozzle of the invention can be adopted without arranging a mixer in the exhaust pipeline, thereby avoiding urea crystallization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an impingement spin nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an impingement spin nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the mixing of the aqueous urea solution with the exhaust gas of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the urea aqueous solution spray motion of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the turbine structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a nozzle housing; 2. a nozzle body; 3. an impact ring; 4. a tapered roller bearing; 5. a first backing ring; 6. a seal ring; 7. a second backing ring; 8. a pipe joint; 9. a turbine; 10. a third backing ring; 11. and (6) spraying the holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments (for convenience of description and understanding, the upper side of fig. 1 is described as the upper side below). All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Adequate mixing of the aqueous urea solution with the exhaust in the SCR system is critical to ensure NOx conversion efficiency.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the impact type rotary nozzle for an SCR system according to the present invention adopts a technical solution that includes a nozzle housing 1, a nozzle body 2, an impact ring 3, a turbine 9, the nozzle body 2 is positioned at the inner side of the nozzle shell 1 and is rotationally connected with the inner side of the nozzle shell, a tapered roller bearing 4 is arranged between the nozzle body 2 and the nozzle shell 1, one end of the nozzle body 2 is detachably connected with a turbine 9, the outer side of the nozzle shell 1 is fixedly connected with an impact ring 3, the nozzle body 2 is a multi-section stepped cylinder, one end of the nozzle body 2 is provided with a plurality of spray holes 11, the other end of the nozzle body 2 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the turbine 9 is connected with the nozzle body 2 through a countersunk head screw, the impact ring 3 is in a ring shape, one end of the cross section of the impact ring is in a wedge shape, the other end of the cross section of the impact ring is in an oval shape, and the impact ring 3 is connected with the nozzle shell 1 in a welding mode through a support column.
Further, the tapered roller bearing 4 and the first backing ring 5 are fitted into the nozzle casing 1 in this order. The second backing ring 7 and the sealing ring 6 are sequentially installed from the front end of the nozzle body 2, the inner edge of the sealing ring 6 is clamped in the shallow groove of the nozzle body 2, and then the nozzle body 2 is installed in the nozzle shell 1. The tapered roller bearing 4 can axially position the nozzle body 2 and can also make the nozzle body 2 flexibly rotate. The gap between the nozzle housing 1 and the nozzle body 2 is sealed by a sealing ring 6. The sealing ring 6 is made of rubber and is of a hollow conical structure, the outer edge of the sealing ring 6 is positioned through the first backing ring 5 and the second backing ring 7, and the inner edge of the sealing ring 6 is positioned through the shallow groove of the nozzle body 2. The pipe joint 8 is connected with the nozzle shell 1 through threads, and the third backing ring 10 is tightly pressed on the step surface at one end of the nozzle shell 1. The third backing ring 10 seals the mounting assembly of the nozzle body 2 and the turbine 9 in the nozzle housing 1.
A preferred example of mixing the aqueous urea solution with the exhaust gas is shown in fig. 3. 4 spray holes 11 are circumferentially arranged on the nozzle body 2, and according to the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe, a proper spray cone angle of the spray holes 11 and the diameter of the impact ring 3 are selected, so that the impacted urea aqueous solution drops are prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe.
The position of the impact ring 3 relative to the orifice 11 is shown in fig. 4. The section of the impact ring 3 is wedge-shaped at one end and oval at the other end. The impact ring 3 is arranged at the position lower than the central extension line of the spray orifice 11, so that most of the urea aqueous solution sprayed from the spray orifice 11 moves above the impact ring 3 after impacting the impact ring 3, and most of the urea aqueous solution moves in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the urea water solution spray can be uniformly distributed in the whole circumferential space of the exhaust pipe and uniformly mixed with the incoming exhaust flow.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a turbine. The turbine 9 adopts backward-bent blades, can be in large-area contact with the urea aqueous solution, generates large thrust to promote the rotation of the nozzle body, and the number of the blades is 12-16.
When in use: the urea aqueous solution is pressurized by the urea pump and then enters the nozzle housing 1 through the pipe joint 8. When the high-pressure urea aqueous solution flows through the turbine 9, the blades are pushed to rotate, and the nozzle body 2 rigidly connected with the turbine rotates along with the blades, so that the urea aqueous solution spray sprayed from the spray holes 11 is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The urea aqueous solution spray continues to move forward and impacts the impact ring 3 to generate secondary atomization, so that the atomization degree of the urea aqueous solution is improved, and the urea aqueous solution and exhaust gas are promoted to be fully mixed.
Example 2
The difference from embodiment 1 is that the turbine 9 having a larger diameter can be replaced on the rear side of the nozzle body 2, thereby promoting the rotation of the nozzle body 2 and enhancing the atomization effect of the urea aqueous solution.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.