CN113040216B - 抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法及其产品与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法,包括:将聚丙烯非织造型无纺布浸泡于那他霉素水溶液,干燥,然后再将其与未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布进行复合,即得抑菌保鲜纸。那他霉素水溶液中那他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%。还包括将无纺布完全浸泡于那他霉素溶液中后,沥出,干燥。具有制备方法简单,保鲜效果好的优点。还公开了一种抑菌保鲜纸和一种水蜜桃保鲜方法,包括将抑菌保鲜纸包裹于水蜜桃外表面上。具有防止水蜜桃水分散失,减缓果实软化,防止果实腐烂、气调保鲜和保护外观品质的有益效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农产品贮藏保鲜技术领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法及其产品与应用。
背景技术
桃是蔷薇科(Rosaceae)李属(Prunus)桃亚属(Amygdalus)的核果类果树,是我国主要的水果种类之一。桃果味道甜美,风味芳香,果肉营养丰富,富含多种糖、酸、蛋白质、粗纤维、矿物质及维生素C、B族维生素等人体必需的营养成分。水蜜桃属于软溶质桃,以其味甜细腻,风味香浓等特点,深受广大消费者的喜爱。水蜜桃果肉质软,皮薄多汁,容易受到机械损伤,再加上水蜜桃采收期正值7-8月高温高湿季节,采后成熟衰老迅速,果实极易腐败变质,常温下货架期仅有3-5天,因此,水蜜桃的贮运保鲜一直是果蔬保鲜行业关注的热点和难点,研发出一种绿色安全、效果显著、成本低的保鲜手段应用价值巨大。
目前,果蔬保鲜剂大多采用采摘前喷洒和采摘后浸泡处理方式,但是大规模采前喷洒容易出现不均匀、人工成本较高;采后浸泡果实不易风干,加速果实软化,更易发生果实腐烂变质;水蜜桃表皮的绒毛在浸泡后,出现倒伏现象,严重影响了果实的外观。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法,制备方法简单,保鲜效果好的优点。还公开了一种抑菌保鲜纸和一种水蜜桃保鲜方法,可以减少水蜜桃水分散失,减缓果实软化。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,提供了一种抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将聚丙烯非织造型无纺布浸泡于那他霉素水溶液,干燥,然后再将其与未经那他霉素浸泡的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布进行复合,即得抑菌保鲜纸。
优选的是,那他霉素水溶液中那他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%。
优选的是,所述聚丙烯非织造型无纺布在浸泡前采用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min以上。
优选的是,所述聚丙烯非织造型无纺布浸泡于那他霉素水溶液中的时间不小于5min。
优选的是,那他霉素水溶液的配置方法为:将体积分数为5%的纳他霉素浓缩液,加入蒸馏水,搅拌或超声辅助溶解,配制终溶液中纳他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%的纳他霉素水溶液。
优选的是,未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,所述细孔的直径10~100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为2~5mm。
优选的是,采用热熔压复合的方式敷设聚丙烯非织造型无纺布。
提供一种抑菌保鲜纸,由上述的方法制备的产品。
提供一种水蜜桃保鲜方法,将上述方法制备的抑菌保鲜纸包裹于水蜜桃外表面上,其中,将浸泡那他霉素的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布面朝内接触水蜜桃外表面。
优选的是,包裹好的水蜜桃置于接近0℃的环境下贮藏。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:
第一、本发明的水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸可以在一定程度上保护水蜜桃水分的散失,且效果要比目前果农常用的包装好。
第二、本发明的水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸可以有效减缓果实的软化,从而延长水蜜桃的保藏期,且保鲜效果要比目前果农常用的包装好。
第三、使用本发明的水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸可以较好的保护水蜜桃的表皮绒毛和外观品质,与市场常用包装、无包装的水蜜桃感官评价结果对比,食用者更青睐抑菌保鲜纸包装的水蜜桃。
第四、具有良好的抑菌性和隔离效果,在贮运过程中,包装水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸有助于抑制水蜜桃表面微生物的生长、阻止外来霉菌侵染。
第五、本发明的水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸进行水蜜桃单果包装,可以具有调节贮藏环境气体成份的功能,降低贮藏环境的氧气浓度,提高二氧化氮浓度,达到气调保鲜的效果。
第六、聚丙烯非织造型无纺布,即熔喷布,主要以聚丙烯为原材料,纤维直径可以达到1~5μm。空隙多、结构蓬松、抗褶皱能力好,具有独特的毛细结构的超细纤维增加单位面积纤维的数量和表面积,从而使熔喷布具有一定的过滤性和屏蔽性,在低温贮藏过程中不会出现结露现象。纳他霉素可以很好地附着在熔喷布上,达到抑菌、抗菌的效果,既可以延长水蜜桃的贮藏期又可以对其进行包装,实现防止水蜜桃腐烂、防止失水散失、气调保鲜和保护表皮绒毛等多种功效,达到一举多得的效果。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1为本发明的失重率评估结果图;
图2为本发明的硬度评估结果图;
图3为本发明的感官评价结果图。
图4为本发明的抑菌效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是,下述实施方案中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
本发明的抑菌保鲜纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将聚丙烯非织造型无纺布浸泡于那他霉素水溶液,低温干燥,然后再将其与未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布进行复合,即得抑菌保鲜纸。其中,低温是指40~50℃。
那他霉素水溶液中那他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%。
所述聚丙烯非织造型无纺布在浸泡前采用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min以上。
所述聚丙烯非织造型无纺布浸泡于那他霉素水溶液中的时间不小于5min。
那他霉素水溶液的配置方法为:将体积分数为5%的纳他霉素浓缩液,加入蒸馏水,搅拌或超声辅助溶解,配制终溶液中纳他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%的纳他霉素水溶液。
采用热熔压复合的方式敷设聚丙烯非织造型无纺布。
本技术方案还可以包括以下技术细节,以更好地实现减少水果软化的技术效果:
未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,所述细孔的直径10~100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为2~5mm,所述抑菌保鲜纸,浸泡那他霉素的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布面接触果实,包裹于水蜜桃等水果外部,位于水果的蒂部的抑菌保鲜纸上再敷设一层抑菌保鲜纸或已灭菌的拷贝纸。
<实施例1>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:49加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.1%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后低温烘干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布。
<实施例2>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:24加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.2%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布。
<实施例3>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:15.7加入蒸馏水后,超声辅助溶解,配制而成体积分数为0.3%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后低温烘干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布。
<实施例4>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:24加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.2%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布,其中,未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,细孔的直径10μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为2mm。
<实施例5>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:24加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.2%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布,其中,未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,细孔的直径50μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为4mm。
<实施例6>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:24加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.2%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜液中5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布,其中,未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,细孔的直径100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为5mm。
<实施例7>
采用以下步骤制备抑菌保鲜纸:
1.保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%纳他霉素浓缩液,按体积比1:24加入蒸馏水后,充分搅拌均匀,配制而成体积分数为0.2%的纳他霉素水溶液。
2.制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后,浸泡于保鲜溶液中5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布,其中,未浸泡那他霉素溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,细孔的直径100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为5mm,熔喷布包裹于水蜜桃外部时,位于水蜜桃的蒂部的抑菌保鲜纸上敷设有一层已灭菌的拷贝纸。
<水蜜桃保鲜试验>
采用实施例1~7制备的抑菌保鲜纸对水蜜桃进行保鲜:
1、包装:根据水蜜桃大小不同,将抑菌保鲜纸剪裁,并对水蜜桃进行单果包装,其中,浸泡那他霉素的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布面接触水蜜桃表面;
2.贮藏:将包装处理好的水蜜桃放置于0±1℃的环境下贮藏。
<对比例1>
直接将水蜜桃放置于将0±1℃的环境下贮藏。
<对比例2>
使用市场上果农常用的水蜜桃保鲜包装对实验水蜜桃进行包装,即用合适大小的珍珠棉泡沫网进行包裹,将包装处理好的水蜜桃放置于0±1℃的环境下贮藏。
<效果评定试验>
(1)失重率:将不同处理的水蜜桃编号后放于0±1℃的环境下贮藏,每7天逐一称重,失重率=(贮藏前质量-贮藏后质量)/贮藏前质量*100%。
(2)硬度:采用GY-3硬度计测定,在每个果实中间最大横径处取2个点,用不锈钢刀片去皮1mm后测定果肉组织的硬度,取平均值。
(3)感官评定:由10人组成的品评小组(5男5女)在水蜜桃贮藏的第7天进行评定,评分标准如表1所示,每项满分20分,总计100分。
表1水蜜桃感官评定标准
(4)抑菌效果:在培养基上接种水蜜桃常见霉变菌种,将实例2水蜜桃保鲜纸和空白对照纸作比较,观察7天后菌落生长情况。
失重率评估结果如图1,硬度评估结果如图2,感官评价结果如图3,抑菌效果如图4。
如图1所示,实施例1~3制备的抑菌保鲜纸与对比例1和2相比较而言,在整个贮藏期间,失重率明显低于对比例1和2,本发明的抑菌保鲜纸可以在一定程度上保护水蜜桃水分的散失,且效果要比目前果农常用的包装好。实施例4~6在实施例1~3的基础上在熔喷布上设置了细孔,应是构建了气调结构系统,使得气流达到进出平衡,反而可以进一步的减少水蜜桃的水分流失。实施例7中在位于水蜜桃的蒂部的抑菌保鲜纸上敷设有一层已灭菌的拷贝纸,其失重数据显示起到了显著的降损作用。
如图2所示,实施例1~7在储藏16d时,依然能够保持良好的硬度,说明本发明的抑菌保鲜纸可以有效减缓果实的软化,从而延长水蜜桃的保藏期,且保鲜效果要比目前果农常用的包装好。
如图3所示,使用本发明的实施例1~7的抑菌保鲜纸与市场常用包装、无包装的水蜜桃感官评价结果,食用者更青睐实施例5包装的水蜜桃,实施例1~4、5、6打分相对较高,说明消费者对本发明的水蜜桃抑菌保鲜纸接受度较高,本发明保鲜效果显著。
如图4所示,抑菌保鲜纸和空白对照组的抑菌效果。由此可见,实施例2的抑菌保鲜纸较空白对照纸来说具有良好的抑菌性,在贮运过程中,包装抑菌保鲜纸有助于抑制水蜜桃表面微生物的生长。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。
Claims (3)
1.一种水蜜桃的保鲜方法,其特征在于,采用如下步骤:
(1)保鲜液配制:将体积分数为5%的那 他霉素浓缩液加入蒸馏水,搅拌或超声辅助溶解,配制得到那 他霉素的体积分数为0.1~0.3%的水溶液;
(2)制作保鲜纸:聚丙烯非织造型无纺布使用紫外灯辐照杀菌20min以上后,浸泡于保鲜溶液中,不小于5min,沥出后自然风干,将其采用热熔压复合的方式复合一层未浸泡那他霉素水溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布;其中,未浸泡那他霉素水溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布上均匀分布有多个细孔,所述细孔的直径为10~100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为2~5mm;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的抑菌保鲜纸剪裁,并对水蜜桃进行单果包装,其中,将浸泡过那他霉素水溶液的聚丙烯非织造型无纺布面朝内接触水蜜桃外表面;包裹于水蜜桃外部时,位于水蜜桃的蒂部的抑菌保鲜纸上敷设一层已灭菌的拷贝纸;然后将包装处理好的水蜜桃放置于0±1℃的环境下贮藏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保鲜方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的那 他霉素的体积分数为0.2%;步骤(2)中紫外灯辐照杀菌20min后浸泡于保鲜溶液中5min;其中,所述细孔的直径为50μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为4mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保鲜方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述细孔的直径为100μm,相邻两个细孔之间的距离为5mm。
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