CN113037677A - Low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM - Google Patents
Low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM, which comprises the following steps: s1, for N/2 original sub-carriers, the sub-carriers of 1/m are vacant, and the sub-carriers are sub-carriers at the integral multiple positions of the m; s2, selecting a plurality of subcarriers from the rest of subcarriers which are not subjected to vacancy as the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end, and determining the values of the subcarriers by a convex optimization objective function; s3, loading the modulated signal to the residual sub-carrier; s4, conjugate symmetry is carried out on the original sub-carriers processed by S1-S3, and a sub-carrier sequence to be transmitted with the length of N is obtained; s5, carrying out IFFT on the subcarrier sequence to be transmitted to obtain a time domain signal to be transmitted with the length of N; s6, grouping the time domain signals according to m data contained in each group, dividing the time domain signals into N/m groups, finding out the minimum value in each group of data, and then using the opposite number of the minimum value as the DC offset of the group of data to be added to each data of the group.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless optical communication, in particular to a low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM.
Background
Wireless optical communication has rapidly become a popular research field in the communication field in recent years due to its advantages of high bandwidth, high speed, high security, and being compatible with illumination. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology can transmit high-speed data, and is considered as a potential technology in wireless optical communication.
Because the wireless optical communication system usually adopts an Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection (IM/DD) mode, a complex electrical signal carrying information must be converted into a non-negative real optical signal to be transmitted at a transmitting end. The conventional OFDM technology applied to the rf system cannot be directly applied to the wireless optical communication system using complex signals. Therefore, the signal is usually modified to satisfy the non-negative real signal characteristic for transmission. First, since OFDM generates an output signal through Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (IFFT), conjugate symmetry can be made to an original input signal, so that the output signal becomes a real number. In addition, in order to make the output signal non-negative, there are several methods proposed one after another. For example, ACO-OFDM (asymmetric clamped Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmits data using only odd subcarriers, and generates an output signal after performing inverse fast fourier transform, where noise generated by the signal due to background only affects even-numbered subcarriers, and thus does not affect the transmitted data. After the Direct Current-biased Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DC-biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is performed, DC bias is added to signals, and most of the signals are converted into non-negative numbers. PAM Modulation mode is used in PAM-DMT (pulse amplitude Modulation-Discrete MultiTone), after the pure virtual odd function is subjected to fast Fourier transform, the output signal is a real odd function, and the original signal can still be recovered at the receiving end after background cutting. The ACO-OFDM and the DCO-OFDM are combined by ADO-OFDM (asymmetric clipping DC binary Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), and data of odd subcarriers and even subcarriers are transmitted by two methods respectively. The method combines the ACO-OFDM and the PAM-DMT (Hybrid asymmetric amplitude-Division Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) by HACO-OFDM (Hybrid asymmetric amplitude-Division Multiplexing), and transmits data of odd subcarriers and even subcarriers by two methods respectively. The LACO-OFDM (Layered asymmetric-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) divides the subcarriers into multiple layers, and processes each layer using ACO-OFDM. The ABO-OFDM (adaptive binary Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is improved on the basis of DCO-OFDM, and the size of direct current offset can be Adaptively changed without influencing transmitted data by discarding 1/4 subcarriers, so that the energy utilization rate of a system is improved. In addition, in order to reduce the requirement for the transmitting end device, we need to reduce the Peak to average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal, and a common method is to null some subcarriers. However, ABO-OFDM requires only 1/4 subcarriers to be nulled, and the subcarriers used to reduce PAPR are not flexible.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM, which expands the flexibility of the number of discarded sub-carriers of the traditional ABO-OFDM to flexibly adjust the spectrum utilization rate and the energy utilization rate, and achieves the purpose of reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal by vacant a part of sub-carriers in the residual sub-carriers on the basis.
The invention provides the following technical scheme for achieving the purpose:
a low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM comprises the following transmitting end processing steps:
s1, setting the number of original sub-carriers at the transmitting end to be N/2, and idling 1/m sub-carriers in the original sub-carriers; wherein the 1/m subcarriers are subcarriers at integer multiple positions of m; m is a positive integer capable of dividing N completely;
s2, selecting a plurality of subcarriers from the rest subcarriers which are not subjected to the vacancy processing of the step S1 in the original subcarriers as the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting terminal, and determining the value of the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting terminal through a convex optimization objective function;
s3, loading the modulated signal to the subcarrier left after the idle processing in the step S1 and the selection in the step S2;
s4, conjugate symmetry is carried out on the original subcarriers processed in the steps S1-S3, and a conjugate symmetric sequence is placed behind the original subcarriers processed in the steps S1-S3 to obtain a subcarrier sequence to be transmitted, wherein the subcarrier sequence is N in length;
s5, performing IFFT on the subcarrier sequence to be transmitted to obtain a real number sequence with the length of N, namely a time domain signal to be transmitted;
s6, grouping the time domain signals into N/m groups according to each group containing m data; the m data in the first group of data are respectively data at integral multiple positions of the Nth/m, the m data in the second group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the first group of data, the m data in the third group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the second group of data, and the like; for each set of data, the minimum value in the set is found, and the inverse of the minimum value is applied to each data in the set as the dc offset for the set of data.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the invention can adaptively increase different direct current biases at different time domain signals, thereby reducing energy loss and increasing energy utilization rate; on the other hand, the setting of the packet size m of the time domain signal is more flexible (the conventional ABO-OFDM requires that only 1/4 subcarriers can be left empty, that is, the packet size can only be m-4), and on this basis, the flexibility of the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR is improved; compared with the traditional ABO-OFDM, the PAPR of the transmitting terminal can be effectively reduced by reasonably setting the value of m.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
The specific embodiment of the invention provides an ABO-OFDM-based low PAPR communication method, which comprises two improved ABO-OFDM methods, wherein one method is defined as a general ABO-OFDM (GABO-OFDM) method, and the other method is defined as an enhanced ABO-OFDM (EABO-OFDM). The flexibility of the number of the traditional ABO-OFDM vacant subcarriers is expanded by the aid of the general ABO-OFDM, feasibility of the general ABO-OFDM vacant subcarriers is analyzed theoretically in the follow-up process, and verification is performed through simulation. The enhanced ABO-OFDM is characterized in that on the basis that 1/m subcarriers are vacant by general ABO-OFDM, a part of subcarriers in the rest subcarriers are used as subcarriers for reducing the PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) so as to reduce the PAPR of a transmitting end.
Assuming that the number of subcarriers used by a transmitting end for transmitting signals is N, the first half of the N subcarriers are original subcarriers, and the second half are conjugate symmetry of the first half. The low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, for the first N/2 sub-carriers, namely the original sub-carriers, the sub-carriers of 1/m are vacant; wherein the 1/m subcarriers are subcarriers at integer multiple positions of m; m is a positive integer capable of dividing N.
The basic principle of the conventional ABO-OFDM is that at a transmitting end, original subcarriers (the number is N/2) in a frequency domain are subjected to conjugate symmetry to obtain a complex sequence with the length of N, and then N-point fast Fourier inverse transformation is performed on the sequence to obtain a real sequence in a time domain. At this time, the time domain signal still has a negative value, so we need to add dc offset to the signal to transmit. However, the existing DCO-OFDM method for increasing dc offset directly adds a fixed dc offset to all time domain signals, for example, 3 times of the signal standard deviation, which results in that the method has high spectrum utilization rate but low energy utilization rate, and because the packet size m of a time domain signal packet can only be set to 4, the sub-carrier of 1/4 can only be left unused, and the spectrum utilization rate and the energy utilization rate are related to the value of m, which results in that the existing ABO-OFDM method cannot flexibly adjust the spectrum utilization rate and the energy utilization rate according to the actual communication requirements.
The feasibility of expanding the value of m is proved by the following theoretical demonstration, so that the general ABO-OFDM method that the value of m can be any positive integer is provided:
m is any positive integer, the number N of the subcarriers is also the number of points of FFT or DFT, and N is the integral multiple of m. Grouping time domain signals, wherein each m data is a group, and the grouping mode is as follows:
according to equation (1), when N is 0, the first group includes m data, i.e., m data having positions of 0, N/m,2N/m, …, (m-1) N/m in the time domain signal
When n is 1, the data is a second group, and the group contains the next data adjacent to each data of the first group; and the like, when N is N/m-1, the group is the Nth/m.
Adding a same value b to the same group of data at the same timenTo obtain
yn＝xn+bn (2)
Adding the value to be added of each group of data, namely the inverse number of the minimum value in the group of data, taking the inverse number of the minimum value as direct current offset for addition, changing the minimum value in the group of data into 0 after addition, and changing the rest value into the difference value between the original minimum value and the original minimum value so as to eliminate the negative number in the original sequence;
wherein,
for ynY is obtained after DFTkIt can be proved that:
wherein B iskIs b isnSequence obtained after N-point DFT, XkIs xnAnd obtaining a sequence after N-point DFT. Namely: increased DC bias bnAfter DFT, only the subcarriers at the integer multiple positions of m are affected, and if the subcarriers are not used for transmitting data, the negative effect of the dc offset on data transmission can be completely ignored.
The demonstration process is as follows:
the calculation formula of DFT is as follows:
Bkis bnFrequency domain representation after discrete Fourier transform; by substituting formula (3) for formula (5), a compound of formula (5) can be obtained
By simplifying the formula (6), a
When mod (m, k) is 0, that is, k is 0, m,2m, …, N-m, k is substituted into formula (7) to obtain
When mod (m, k) is not equal to 0, k is substituted into formula (7) to obtain
And is provided with
When mod (m, k) ≠ 0, it can be obtained by substituting formulae (10) and (11) for formula (9),
Bk＝0 (12)
from this it can be concluded that: increased DC bias bnAfter DFT, only the sub-carrier at the position of integral multiple of m is affected, and the information transmitted on other sub-carriers is not affected.
Therefore, when grouping time domain signals to adaptively add different direct current offsets, the general ABO-OFDM (GABO-OFDM) provided by the invention can take any positive integer as the grouping size m, and can avoid negative influence on data transmission caused by direct current offset as long as the subcarrier null (with the value set as 0) at the integral multiple position of the m is not used for transmitting signals.
S2, selecting some sub-carriers as sub-carriers for reducing PAPR of transmitting terminal, and recording as C, for the rest of sub-carriers not processed in step S1k(ii) a And determining C by convex optimization objective functionkThe value of (c). The number of subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end should be determined according to requirements on the spectrum utilization and the energy utilization of the transmitting end. If the communication scene pays more attention to the spectrum utilization rate of the transmitting end and the requirement on the energy utilization rate is relatively low, the number of subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end can be less; otherwise, the number of subcarriers used for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end may be relatively large. In addition, CkThe position of the subcarrier can be chosen arbitrarily, except CkThe assignment of the subcarriers needs to be determined using a convex optimization objective function.
The convex optimization objective function is
||QC+xn+3*s||∞ (13)
Wherein Q is an IFFT matrix; the function arguments are column vectors C, C including CkThe real and imaginary parts of (c); x is the number ofnIs XkAfter IFFTA sequence; s represents xnStandard deviation of the sequence.
By finding a set of independent variables C that minimizes the value of equation (13), C can be determinedkThe value of (c).
S3, loading the modulated signal to the residual sub-carriers after the idle processing in the step S1 and the selection in the step S2, and marking the sub-carriers carrying the emission signals as Xk。
S4, carrying out conjugate symmetry on N/2 original subcarriers after the processing of the steps S1-S3 to obtain a conjugate symmetric sequence with the length of N/2, and placing the conjugate symmetric sequence behind the original subcarriers processed by the steps S1-S3 to form a subcarrier sequence to be transmitted with the length of N.
The enhanced ABO-OFDM (EABO-OFDM) provided by the embodiment of the invention selects a part of subcarriers from the rest subcarriers for reducing the PAPR on the basis of leaving 1/m subcarriers vacant. Denote the sub-carrier of the transmitted data as XkThe subcarrier used for reducing the PAPR is denoted as CkThen time domain signal xnAs shown in the following formula:
wherein xnAnd cnAre each XkAnd CkAfter IFFT, the purpose of enhancing ABO-OFDM is to set CkTo determine cnAnd finally improves the PAPR of the time domain signal.
S5, performing IFFT on the subcarrier sequence to be transmitted to obtain a real number sequence with the length of N, namely a time domain signal to be transmitted.
S6, grouping the time domain signals into N/m groups according to each group containing m data; the m data in the first group of data are respectively data at integral multiple positions of the Nth/m, the m data in the second group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the first group of data, the m data in the third group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the second group of data, and the like; for each set of data, the minimum value in the set is found, and the inverse of the minimum value is applied to each data in the set as the dc offset for the set of data.
And finally, the time domain signal added with the direct current offset is subjected to parallel/serial conversion and then is transmitted by a transmitter.
At a receiving end, after serial/parallel conversion, FFT is directly carried out on the received data, and after subcarriers which do not carry information are removed, a signal to be demodulated is obtained; carrying out equal gain combination on the signal to be demodulated by utilizing a diversity technology before demodulation so as to reduce the error rate; and finally, successively demodulating and decoding the signal to be demodulated to recover the original signal.
The following describes the specific process of the method of the present invention by a specific example, and verifies the effectiveness of the present invention.
Taking N as 128 and m as 8 as an example, a (2,1,7) convolutional coding scheme and a 4QAM modulation scheme are adopted.
Of the 128 sub-carriers, the first 64 are original sub-carriers, and the last 64 are conjugate symmetry of the first 64 sub-carriers. In the first 64 sub-carriers, the integral multiple positions of 8, namely 0 th, 8 th, 16 th, 24 th, 32 th, 40 th, 48 th and 56 th sub-carriers are all vacant; on the basis, 8 (only for example, other values are also possible) subcarriers are selected from the remaining subcarriers as the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR, and the 4 th, 12 th, 20 th, 28 th, 36 th, 44 th, 52 th, 60 th subcarriers are selected in this example, it should be understood that the subcarriers at the same positions are not necessarily selected here, and the positions may be arbitrary. The convex optimization objective function of equation (13) is used to determine the values of sub-carriers 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60.
After the 8 subcarriers are nulled and the 8 subcarriers for PAPR reduction are selected and assigned, the modulated signal may be loaded on the remaining 48 subcarriers of the first 64 subcarriers. For the first 64 subcarriers, after the above-mentioned series of processing (leaving 8 subcarriers empty, selecting 8 subcarriers for reducing PAPR and assigning values, and then loading the modulated signal onto the remaining 48 subcarriers), conjugate symmetry is performed to obtain a subcarrier sequence to be transmitted with a length of 128. And then performing IFFT on the subcarrier sequence to be transmitted with the length of 128 to obtain a real number sequence with the length of 128, namely a time domain signal to be transmitted.
Dividing the time domain signal with the length of 128 into 16 groups according to the packet size m-8, that is, each group has 8 data, and the sequence number of the first group of data is {0,16,32,48,64,80,96,112}, that is, the first group of data contains 8 data with the position numbers of 0,16,32,48,64,80,96,112 in the time domain signal; the second set of data has a sequence number of 1,17,33,49,65,81,97,113, and so on. The minimum value is found in each set of data and then the inverse of the minimum value is added as the dc offset for that set of data.
The time domain signal added with the direct current offset is transmitted out through a transmitter after parallel/serial conversion, received data is directly subjected to FFT after serial/parallel conversion at a receiving end, a signal to be demodulated is obtained after a subcarrier not carrying information is removed, the signal to be demodulated is sequentially demodulated and decoded, and an original signal is recovered.
Based on the above example, PAPR analysis was performed on the GABO-OFDM and EABO-OFDM of the present invention, compared with the conventional ABO-OFDM, and the results are shown in the following Table 1:
TABLE 1
| OFDM method | Transmission signal PAPR/dB |
| ABO-OFDM | 6.0243 |
| GABO-OFDM(m＝8) | 4.9188 |
| EABO-OFDM | 4.4748 |
It can be seen that the PAPR of the transmitted signal of the communication method according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, including the GABO-OFDM method, is 4.9188, which is significantly lower than 6.0243 of the conventional ABO-OFDM. On the basis of the GABO-OFDM, the sub-carriers for reducing the PAPR are selected and assigned through convex optimization, and then the EABO-OFDM method only loads the modulation signal on the rest carriers, and the PAPR of the transmitted signal is further reduced to 4.4748. The effectiveness of the communication method of the invention in reducing PAPR is verified.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all the properties or uses are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A low PAPR communication method based on ABO-OFDM is characterized by comprising the following transmitting end processing steps:
s1, setting the number of original sub-carriers at the transmitting end to be N/2, and idling 1/m sub-carriers in the original sub-carriers; wherein the 1/m subcarriers are subcarriers at integer multiple positions of m; m is a positive integer capable of dividing N completely;
s2, selecting a plurality of subcarriers from the rest subcarriers which are not subjected to the vacancy processing of the step S1 in the original subcarriers as the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting terminal, and determining the value of the subcarriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting terminal through a convex optimization objective function;
s3, loading the modulated signal to the subcarrier left after the idle processing in the step S1 and the selection in the step S2;
s4, conjugate symmetry is carried out on the original subcarriers processed in the steps S1-S3, and a conjugate symmetric sequence is placed behind the original subcarriers processed in the steps S1-S3 to obtain a subcarrier sequence to be transmitted, wherein the subcarrier sequence is N in length;
s5, performing IFFT on the subcarrier sequence to be transmitted to obtain a real number sequence with the length of N, namely a time domain signal to be transmitted;
s6, grouping the time domain signals into N/m groups according to each group containing m data; the m data in the first group of data are respectively data at integral multiple positions of the Nth/m, the m data in the second group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the first group of data, the m data in the third group of data are respectively data at adjacent next positions of each data in the second group of data, and the like; for each set of data, the minimum value in the set is found, and the inverse of the minimum value is applied to each data in the set as the dc offset for the set of data.
2. The ABO-OFDM-based low PAPR communication method according to claim 1, wherein the time domain signal after adding DC offset is transmitted through a transmitter after parallel/serial conversion, and after serial/parallel conversion at a receiving end, FFT is directly performed on the received data, and after a subcarrier not carrying information is removed, a signal to be demodulated is obtained.
3. The ABO-OFDM based low PAPR communication method according to claim 1, wherein the number of sub-carriers for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end is determined according to requirements for spectrum utilization and energy utilization of the transmitting end in step S2.
4. The ABO-OFDM based low PAPR communication method according to claim 1, wherein the convex optimization objective function in step S2 is
||QC+xn+3*s||∞
Wherein Q is an IFFT matrix; the function independent variable is a column vector C, and the C comprises a real part and an imaginary part of a subcarrier used for reducing the PAPR of the transmitting end; x is the number ofnIs XkA sequence after IFFT; s meterShow xnStandard deviation of the sequence;
determining values of subcarriers for reducing PAPR of a transmitting end by finding a set of arguments C that minimizes a value of the convex optimization objective function.
5. The ABO-OFDM based low PAPR communication method according to claim 2, wherein the signals to be demodulated are combined with equal gain by using diversity technique before demodulation to reduce the bit error rate.
6. The ABO-OFDM based low PAPR communication method according to claim 2, wherein the signal to be demodulated is successively demodulated and decoded to recover the original signal.
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| 张长青: "面向5G的基于IFFT/FFT方式的OFDM多载波传输技术", 《电信网技术》 * |
| 陈宁等: "用预留子载波降低OFDM系统峰均比的方法", 《计算机仿真》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024082926A1 (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-04-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal transmission method, communication system and communication apparatus |
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