CN113034882B - Centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting - Google Patents
Centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/826—Involving periods of time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting, which solves the problems of high collision interference probability and high power consumption overhead in the prior art, and comprises the steps of sending a wake-up packet with a sequence number secondarily, calculating wake-up time by terminal equipment according to the packet sequence number, sending a broadcast packet by a relay, opening a receiving window, randomly selecting a time slice by the terminal equipment to finish data reporting and the like. The invention adopts time slice random competition reporting, avoids data collision of different time slices through a window dynamic optimization mechanism, has important significance in three-meter centralized reading or one-to-many equipment application, and can greatly reduce the retransmission times of the equipment, thereby playing the role of reducing the power consumption of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting, which improves the success rate and efficiency of communication, reduces frequent communication of equipment and ensures controllable battery loss.
Background
The existing equipment generally uses two schemes when collecting data, wherein the first scheme is polling point reading + ACK, and the second scheme is group reading + window competition reporting; in the scheme of polling point copy + ACK, a relay can sequentially perform CAD awakening on mounted equipment according to a white list and complete data point copy until the polling point finishes copying all equipment, such as a relay point copy A equipment and waits for ACK, if the ACK fails, the relay point copy A equipment is continuously copied, and if the ACK succeeds, the relay point copy next equipment is continuously copied; in the scheme of group copying and window competitive reporting, a relay wakes up a CAD group of mounted equipment and sends a broadcast packet to perform group copying, then a receiving window with a fixed period is opened, each equipment reports data after a random delay, and informs the equipment whether to successfully acquire in the next broadcast, the reported successful equipment does not receive a response in the current round, and the relay can select the group copying times according to the data acquisition condition of white list equipment.
In the first scheme, the following defects exist: and (4) performing point copying on each device in sequence, and if no response exists, retransmitting until the point copying is successful. If the current environment interference of the equipment is large, repeated communication failure can be caused, on one hand, the efficiency is reduced, and on the other hand, the power consumption is increased; every time the device is awakened by CAD, on one hand, the concentrator frequently sends data, on the other hand, other peripheral devices are awakened by mistake, and both of the devices increase certain power consumption overhead.
In the second scheme, the following defects exist: after the relay sends the broadcast packet, a receiving window with a specified size is opened, and the equipment reports data after random delay. The probability of collision and interference of equipment signals is high, so that multiple competitive reporting is required, and therefore the group copy efficiency and the power consumption overhead are affected.
For example, a "low power consumption data cluster meter reading device based on NB-IoT technology" disclosed in chinese patent literature, publication No. CN211928730U includes NB-IoT wireless communication module, MCU processing module, battery + HPC power supply module, data storage module, and FSK wireless communication module, the concentrator performs wireless data transmission by using NB-IoT module instead of conventional GPRS module, because multiple nodes use the same module, the probability of collision and interference of signals is high, power consumption is increased, multiple competitive reporting is required, and working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high collision interference probability and high power consumption overhead in the prior art, provides a centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting, improves the communication efficiency among devices, reduces the power consumption overhead, improves the working load utilization rate of the whole set of network, and reduces channel occupation and cluster meter reading interference through frequency hopping communication when multiple networks coexist.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting comprises the following steps:
s1, relaying and sending N CAD awakening packages with sequence numbers;
s2, after being awakened by the relay, the terminal equipment judges whether the period has been reported completely, if not, the terminal equipment calculates the awakening time, jumps to the channel and starts receiving; if the operation is finished, the computer is dormant to return to the CAD mode;
s3, relaying and issuing a broadcast packet, and opening a receiving window;
s4, the terminal equipment receives the broadcast packet, and randomly selects a time slice to finish data reporting;
s5, the relay receives the reported data and sends the information reported successfully with the next broadcast packet;
and S6, repeating the above process by the relay, adjusting the duration of the receiving window according to the ratio of the number of the reporting devices to the size of the current window, and determining that the group copy is finished if the data report is not received in two continuous periods.
The method is suitable for one-to-many equipment and low-power-consumption data acquisition application with certain requirements on acquisition efficiency, the relay performs group awakening on the multiple equipment through wireless signal modulation and issues a broadcast packet, and the terminal equipment uploads data in a mode of random competitive reporting through time slice division in the broadcast packet, so that the acquisition efficiency can be greatly improved, and repeated retransmission caused by collision is avoided.
The invention also adopts a window dynamic optimization mechanism, the concentrator can fit the proportional condition of the number of devices reported in multiple competition and the window, and the maximum working load utilization rate of the whole network is ensured by continuously adjusting the time slice window; the principle is that the mechanism can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual placement position of the equipment and the influence of environmental interference by determining the time length of a receiving window selected by the next two-party communication through competing and reporting the number of the equipment and the proportion of the effective time slices.
Preferably, in S1, the relay issues a corresponding number of packets to wake up according to the CAD cycle T1 of the device, where T1The CAD cycle is determined by the application average power consumption level requirement.
Preferably, after the report is not completed in S2, the terminal device calculates the next frequency hopping channel and the wake-up time T according to the wake-up packet2Wherein T is2Is the wake-up time, the wake-up packet is of fixed length and has a packet sequence number, and the device wake-up time is calculated by the TOA time of the wake-up packet and the packet sequence number.
Preferably, in S4, the terminal device randomly selects a time slice to perform a timer T3 contention report.
Preferably, in S6, the relay opening period T4 receives the window, and the T4 concentrator acceptance time can be adjusted according to the window dynamic optimization mechanism.
Preferably, the concentrator under the window dynamic optimization mechanism fits the ratio of the number of devices reported in multiple competitions to the window, and the working load utilization rate of the whole network is maximized by continuously adjusting the time slice window.
Preferably, the window dynamic adjustment mechanism is also influenced by the number of terminal devices and the actual placement position.
Preferably, the method is used for collecting data on an electric meter, a water meter and a gas meter centralized reading device and a one-to-many device.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention improves the communication efficiency between the devices and reduces the power consumption expense;
2. the invention improves the workload utilization rate of the whole set of network;
3. when multiple networks coexist, the channel occupation and the group copy interference are reduced through frequency hopping communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the relay and terminal device of the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a system architecture diagram of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a timing diagram of a prior art polling tick scheme.
Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of a prior art group copy + window contention reporting scheme.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a large window random contention report in the prior art.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of time slice random contention reporting.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
This embodiment provides a centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, where the system includes a server, a concentrator, a relay, and a terminal device from top to bottom in fig. 2, where communication among the concentrator, the relay, and the terminal device may have multiple different rates and multiple modulation modes, the method is applicable to relays and terminal devices with low power consumption requirements, and the hardware platform mainly includes: the battery, the radio frequency communication module, the MCU processor form, because the electric quantity loss is mostly concentrated on the radio frequency communication module, and the relay and terminal equipment have corresponding power consumption requirements, therefore need to improve communication success rate and efficiency as far as possible, reduce the frequent communication of equipment, guarantee the controllabization of battery loss, mainly include the following steps:
s1, relaying and sending N CAD awakening packages with sequence numbers;
s2, after the terminal device is awakened, judging whether the period has been reported, if not, calculating the awakening time according to the packet sequence number, jumping to the channel and starting the receiving; if the operation is finished, the computer is dormant to return to the CAD mode;
s3, relaying and issuing a broadcast packet, wherein the data content comprises window information and user data, and then opening a receiving window with a corresponding length;
s4, the terminal equipment receives the broadcast packet, and randomly selects a time slice to finish data reporting;
s5, the relay receives the reported data and issues the successfully reported equipment information along with the next broadcast packet;
and S6, repeating the above process by the relay, adjusting the duration of the receiving window according to the ratio of the number of the reporting devices to the size of the current window, and if the data reports are not received in two continuous periods, determining that the group copy is finished.
As shown in FIG. 1:
t1: CAD period, determined by the application average power consumption level requirement;
t2: the awakening time is calculated by the TOA time of the awakening packet and the packet sequence number;
t3: according to the number of time slices carried by the broadcast band, one time slice is truly randomly selected for competition reporting;
t4: the concentrator receive time may be adjusted according to a window dynamic optimization mechanism.
This embodiment provides a set of comparisons, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is prior art, fig. 6 is the present invention, and reporting of a large window in fig. 5 seems to be more flexible, data can be reported at any time, but data collision is more likely to occur, resulting in that two pieces of data are all lost; although there is a possibility that the same time slice may collide in the time slice report in fig. 6, the TOA time calculation may be performed on the fixed-length data packet, so as to avoid collision of data in different time slices.
The power consumption overhead incurred by battery-powered applications can be further optimized as long as the collision problem of data packets is solved or reduced.
Under the condition of ensuring the consistency of all environmental conditions, the relay starts to group-copy all the current equipment, the application average consumed time is reported on a time slice for 4 periods, and the application average consumed time is reported on a large window for 6 periods; therefore, the communication power consumption of all devices between networks in 2 periods can be saved when one group copy is carried out.
The device awakening mechanism adopts packet awakening, the device judges the sending time of the broadcast packet through the awakening packet sequence number so as to enter dormancy waiting and save power consumption overhead, the mechanism can be flexibly adjusted according to practical application, and the mechanism mainly depends on different emphasis points of the application on power consumption grade and response grade, such as adjusting the length of the awakening packet and frequency hopping to avoid mistaken awakening of the device.
The invention also adopts a window dynamic optimization mechanism, the concentrator can fit the proportional condition of the number of devices reported in multiple competition and the window, and the maximum working load utilization rate of the whole network is ensured by continuously adjusting the time slice window; the principle is that the time length of a receiving window selected by the next two-party communication is determined by competitively reporting the number of the equipment and the proportion of the effective time slice, and the mechanism can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual placement position of the equipment and the influence condition of environmental interference.
In the invention, various experimental schemes have been tried, and a real scene simulates the rapid acquisition and reporting of one-to-many device data, such as the reporting condition of different device quantities on a single time slice, the reporting efficiency of different time slice quantities, and the comparison of the reporting conditions of multiple time slices and a large window.
Through the statistical analysis of the verification results, when the number of the devices is larger than the number of the windows, the success rate of the random reporting of the time slices is far larger than that of the large-window random reporting; when the number of devices is smaller than the number of windows, the success rate of random reporting in time slices is still about 20% higher than that of random reporting in large windows. In addition, due to the self characteristics of LoRa modulation, the anti-interference capability of the LoRa modulation is stronger, so that when multiple devices report in the same time window, a receiving end still can complete signal demodulation, the error rate is extremely low, the reporting success rate can be obviously improved according to the investment of a large number of tests, and for the whole scheme mechanism, the improvement of the success rate can greatly reduce the retransmission times of the devices, thereby playing the role of reducing the power consumption of the devices.
The above embodiments are described in detail for the purpose of further illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the skilled engineer can make insubstantial modifications and variations of the present invention based on the above disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A centralized meter reading method based on time slice competition reporting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, relaying and sending N CAD awakening packages with sequence numbers;
s2, after being awakened by the relay, the terminal equipment judges whether the current period has been reported, if not, the terminal equipment calculates the awakening time, jumps to the channel and starts receiving; if the operation is finished, the computer is dormant to return to the CAD mode;
after the report is not completed in S2, the terminal device calculates the next frequency hopping channel and the wake-up time T according to the wake-up packet2Wherein T is2Is to wake upTime, the wake-up packet is of fixed length and has a packet sequence number, and the device wake-up time is calculated by the TOA time of the wake-up packet
S3, relaying and issuing a broadcast packet, and opening a receiving window;
s4, the terminal equipment receives the broadcast packet, and randomly selects a time slice to finish data reporting;
s5, the relay receives the reported data and issues the successfully reported information with the next awakening packet and the broadcast packet;
s6, repeating the above process by the relay, adjusting the duration of the receiving window according to the ratio of the number of the reporting devices to the size of the current window, and if the data reports are not received in two continuous periods, determining that the group copy is finished;
in the S6, a relay opening period T4 receives a window, and the receiving time of a T4 concentrator can be adjusted according to a window dynamic optimization mechanism;
the concentrator under the window dynamic optimization mechanism can fit the proportion of the number of devices reported in competition for multiple times and the window, and the working load utilization rate of the whole network is maximized by continuously adjusting the time slice window.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relay in S1 wakes up by issuing a corresponding number of packets according to a CAD cycle T1 of the device, wherein T is1The CAD cycle is determined by the application average power consumption level requirement.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal device randomly selects a time slice for the timer T3 contention report in S4.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the window dynamic adjustment mechanism is further influenced by the number of terminal devices and the actual placement location.
5. The collective reading method based on the time slice competition reporting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is used for collecting data on an electric meter, a water meter and a gas meter collective reading device and a one-to-many device.
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| CN113595952A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 上海仪电（集团）有限公司中央研究院 | Ad-hoc network communication method based on hybrid modulation |
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