Compound gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan as well as preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of binder synthesis and electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a complex gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The development of low cost, high safety and high energy density large scale energy storage systems to accommodate the rapidly growing demand for renewable energy has attracted considerable interest. Lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and the like, are considered to be the most promising energy storage devices, and have been widely used in portable electronic devices, such as smart phones, smart wearable devices, and computers. However, to promote its large-scale application in electric vehicles and smart grids, it is necessary to meet the requirements of excellent energy density, ultra-long service life and inexpensive economic cost. The silicon has the advantage of theoretical specific capacity (4200mAh/g vs.372mAh/g) ten times higher than that of the graphite cathode, and when the silicon is used as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery, the energy density of the lithium ion battery is greatly improved. However, the conventional hard binder used for the silicon material cathode of the lithium ion battery still faces a critical problem, and the serious volume expansion and contraction of silicon in the charging and discharging process damages the electrode structure, leads to electrode pulverization, causes poor electrode cycle performance, and is difficult to be practically applied.
The binder is an important component of the electrode, and has great influence on the electrochemical performance, the cycle performance and the like of the electrode. In order to meet the requirements of people on low-cost, environment-friendly and efficient energy storage lithium ion batteries, a water-soluble natural high polymer material with high safety and low price is considered as a very promising silicon negative electrode binder. The water-soluble natural polymer material is used as the adhesive of the silicon electrode, and can form strong hydrogen bond interaction with the surface of silicon particles, so that good interface adhesion is generated to improve the cycle performance of the electrode. However, single biomass polymers have the disadvantages of insufficient binding capacity or poor mechanical properties and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of achieving stable cycling at low binder content and higher silicon mass loading. By mixing a plurality of biomass polymers, a synergistic effect can be generated among the biomass polymers, and characteristics which are not possessed by each monomer glue are generated to make up for respective defects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problem that the cycle stability of a battery is poor under high silicon capacity caused by the defects of insufficient binding capacity, poor mechanical performance and the like when a water-soluble natural high polymer material with low cost is used as a binding agent of a silicon cathode of a lithium ion battery, and the invention aims to provide a compound gum of carragheenan and konjac gum. The compound adhesive is a high-safety and low-cost binder system of a water-soluble compound biomass polymer. The silicon cathode adopting the compound adhesive as the binder can be used for binding with lower binder content (0-10 wt%), high Si content (80-100 wt%) and higher Si mass loading (1-3 mg cm)-2) The good circulation stability is kept under the condition of (1).
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the compound gum of the carrageenan and the konjac glucomannan. The method has the advantages of simple synthesis conditions, high raw material safety and low price, and meets the requirements of green chemistry.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the compound gum of the carrageenan and the konjac glucomannan. When the silicon cathode with the compound adhesive as the binder is matched with the commercial ternary cathode NCM523 to form the full cell, the obtained full cell also shows relatively stable cycle performance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a compound gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan is prepared by mixing kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan uniformly, dissolving in deionized water, and stirring to form a dispersion; and then placing the dispersion liquid in a water bath at 60-90 ℃ and stirring to form a colloidal solution.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the kappa-carrageenan to the konjac glucomannan is (0.1-10): 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of the kappa-carrageenan and the konjac glucomannan to the deionized water is 1 (49-199).
Preferably, the resistivity of the deionized water is 18-18.5M omega cm.
Preferably, the concentration of the compound glue is 0.5-2 wt%.
Preferably, the stirring time is 10-60 min.
The preparation method of the compound gum of the kappa-carrageenan and the konjac glucomannan comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan, dissolving in deionized water, and stirring to form a dispersion liquid;
s2, placing the dispersion liquid in a water bath at 60-90 ℃, heating and stirring to form a colloidal solution, namely the compound adhesive binder.
The complex gel of the kappa-carrageenan and the konjac glucomannan is applied to the field of lithium ion batteries.
The adhesive selects kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum with excellent characteristics of gelatinization, thickening, emulsification, film formation, stable dispersion and the like, has rich reserves and low price, and uses functional groups of the kappa-carrageenan and the konjac gum to interact under the conditions of simple heating and stirring to form the compound gum biomass polymer with a novel three-dimensional network. A synergistic effect can be generated among the biomass polymers, and characteristics which are not possessed by each monomer glue are generated to make up for respective defects. Can well solve the defects of insufficient binding capacity or poor mechanical property of a single biomass polymer, which causes the biomass polymer to have low content of binder (0-10 wt%) and higher silicon mass loading (1-3 mg cm)-2) The requirement of stable circulation cannot be realized. The invention of the compound adhesive solves the problems of insufficient adhesive capacity or poor mechanical property when the water-soluble natural high polymer material with low cost is used as the adhesive of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery, has simple synthesis process, meets the requirement of green chemistry, has low requirement on equipment, and is beneficial to market popularization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a biomass bonding method of kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannanThe preparation has a three-dimensional network structure, and rich oxygen-containing functional groups in the kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan can generate hydrogen bond interaction with the surfaces of Si particles, so that good interface binding power is provided. Compared with single biomass glue, the compound glue is 0.15Ag-1The coulomb efficiency of the first turn is obviously improved to more than 82.35 percent, which shows the good interface stability of the composite material.
2. The kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan compound gel is applied to the silicon-based negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, and effectively solves the problem of poor cycle performance of a silicon-based electrode caused by insufficient bonding capability or poor mechanical property of a water-soluble natural polymer serving as a binder. When the mass loading of Si is 1.47mg cm, the silicon-based negative electrode prepared by the silicon-based anode material-2The first circle shows 4.35mAh cm-2Specific discharge capacity and first turn coulombic efficiency of up to 85.22%. When the mass loading of Si is further increased to 3.48mg cm-2The first turn showed up to 9.82mAh cm-2The ultra-high discharge specific capacity and the higher first-turn coulombic efficiency of 76.78 percent. At 0.5A g-1At the bottom, circle 1 shows 5.89mAh cm-2The electrode still maintains 3.18mAh cm after 50 cycles-2The discharge surface capacity of (1). The surface capacity of the electrode determines the total capacity of the electrode, and thus determines the energy density of the battery as a whole. The electrode with high mass capacity of the kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan biomass binder is used for increasing the surface capacity of the electrode, and is applied to low binder content (0-10 wt%), high silicon content (80-100 wt%) and high silicon mass capacity (1-3 mg cm)-2) The system can effectively maintain the stability of battery circulation.
3. The silicon cathode of the kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan and the commercialized LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(NCM523) positive electrode pairing to assemble a button full cell. The button type full cell shows 3.31mAh cm-2And a first turn coulombic efficiency of up to 71.99%. At a current density of 0.2C, the button full cell showed 2.20mAh cm-2The surface capacity of (1.19 mAh cm) after 50 cycles-2The surface area capacity of (a). The complex glue of kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan has great application potential.
4. Compared with the current commercialized adhesive, the kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan composite adhesive provided by the invention can be used as a silicon negative adhesive with low adhesive content (0-10 wt%), high Si content (80-100 wt%) and high Si mass loading (1-3 mg cm)-2) The good circulation stability is kept under the condition of keeping good circulation stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a complex gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the charge/discharge curves and cycle performance of a silicon electrode using a complex gel of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum as a binder in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows a silicon negative electrode prepared from a complex gel of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum of example 1 and commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(NCM523) a first charge-discharge curve diagram and a cycle performance diagram of the button full-cell assembled by anode pairing.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
1. Uniformly mixing edible-grade 60mg of kappa-carrageenan and 40mg of konjac gum, and then dispersing the mixture in 10g of deionized water, wherein the resistivity of the deionized water is 18.4 omega, so as to prepare a dispersion liquid;
2. placing the dispersion in 80 deg.C water bath, and stirring for 30min to obtain 1 wt% of compound gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum.
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a complex gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum in example 1. Wherein, (a) KG is kappa-carrageenan, (b) KCG is konjac gum, and (c) N-KCG-KG is kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum. As can be seen from fig. 1, the interaction between kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Composite materialUpon interaction in the charge, the peaks assigned to specific functional groups in the FTIR spectrum shift to higher or lower wave numbers, or new peaks appear. The konjac glucomannan is at 3408cm-1The absorption peak of (A) represents the O-H stretching vibration, 2926cm-1The absorption peak at (A) represents the C-H stretching vibration at 1724cm-1The absorption peak at (B) is the stretching vibration of C ═ O in the acetyl group, 1081cm-1The absorption peak at (A) represents CH2-OH. Kappa-carrageenan in 3432cm-1The absorption peak of (a) represents the O-H stretching vibration, 2908cm-1The absorption peak at (B) represents the C-H stretching vibration at 1255cm-1The absorption peak at (B) represents the stretching vibration of S ═ O in the sulfate, 1071cm-1The absorption peak at (A) represents CH2-OH,847cm-1The absorption peak at (B) represents the C-O-S oscillation. Compared with pure kappa-carrageenan, O-H stretching vibration in the kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum compound gum, the absorption peaks of S ═ O stretching vibration and C-O-S vibration move to 3412cm respectively-1,1259cm-1And 1074cm-1To (3). CH (CH)2-The OH absorption peak was shifted to 1074cm-1At 1718cm-1A new absorption peak due to stretching vibration of C ═ O in the acetyl group appears at a nearby position. These demonstrate the interaction between kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum to form a complex gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum with a three-dimensional network.
The prepared kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan compound gum biomass polymer is used as a silicon negative electrode binder of the lithium ion battery, and the preparation method of the silicon negative electrode is the same as the traditional method for preparing the electrode. The preparation method of the silicon pole piece comprises the following steps: silicon nanoparticles are used as an active material, Super P is used as a conductive agent, a complex gum biomass polymer of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum is used as a binder, the active material silicon nanoparticles, the conductive agent Super P and the binder are used, and the mass ratio of the kappa-carrageenan to the konjac gum is 8:1: 1; adding the mixture into deionized water, mixing to form uniform slurry, and then coating the slurry on a copper current collector to prepare the silicon pole piece. And (3) drying the coated silicon pole piece in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 h. At 1mol/L LiPF6Dissolving in Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as electrolyteThe button type lithium ion battery is assembled by taking a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, Celgard 2325 as a diaphragm and CR 2025 type stainless steel as a battery shell.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the charge/discharge curves and cycle performance of a silicon electrode using a complex gel of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum as a binder in example 1. Wherein (a) the silicon electrode using complex gel of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum as binder is 0.15Ag-1The following charge-discharge curves for two activation cycles, (b) silicon electrode at 0.5Ag-1Lower cycle performance diagram (Si mass loading of 3.48mg cm)-2). As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the mass loading of Si is further increased to 3.48mg cm-2The first turn showed up to 9.82mAh cm-2The ultra-high discharge specific capacity and the higher first-turn coulombic efficiency of 76.78 percent. At 0.5Ag-1At the bottom, circle 1 shows 5.89mAh cm-2The electrode still maintains 3.18mAh cm after 50 cycles-2The discharge surface capacity of (1).
FIG. 3 shows a silicon negative electrode prepared from a complex gel of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum of example 1 and commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(NCM523) positive pole is assembled into a charge-discharge curve chart and a cycle performance chart of the button full cell in a pairing mode. Wherein (a) is silicon cathode prepared from complex gum of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum and commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(NCM523) a first charge-discharge curve graph of the button full cell under 0.03C is assembled by positive pole pairing, and (b) a cycle performance graph of the button full cell under 0.2C is formed. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when compared with commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3When the (NCM523) positive electrode is assembled into the button full cell in a matching way, the button full cell shows 3.31mAh cm-2And a first turn coulombic efficiency of up to 71.99%. At a current density of 0.2C, the button full cell showed 2.20mAh cm-2The surface capacity of (1.19 mAh cm) after 50 cycles-2The surface area capacity of (a). Therefore, the kappa-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan adhesive has high safety, low cost and huge application potential.
Example 2
1. Mixing edible grade 50mg of kappa-carrageenan and 50mg of konjac gum uniformly; then dispersing the mixture into 12.5g of deionized water, wherein the resistivity of the deionized water is 18.4 omega, and preparing dispersion liquid;
2. placing the dispersion in a water bath kettle at 90 deg.C, and stirring for 30min to obtain 0.8 wt% kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum compound gel solution.
Example 3
1. Uniformly mixing 25mg of edible kappa-carrageenan and 75mg of konjac gum, and dispersing in 6.25g of deionized water, wherein the resistivity of the deionized water is 18.4 omega, so as to prepare a dispersion liquid;
2. placing the dispersion in a water bath kettle at 90 deg.C, and stirring for 30min to obtain 1.6 wt% of compound gum solution of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum.
Example 4
1. Uniformly mixing food-grade 66.7mg of kappa-carrageenan and 33.3mg of konjac gum, and then dispersing the mixture in 7.69g of deionized water, wherein the resistivity of the deionized water is 18.4 omega, so as to prepare a dispersion liquid;
2. placing the dispersion in a water bath kettle at 80 deg.C, and stirring for 30min to obtain 1.3 wt% of compound gum solution of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum.
Example 5
1. Uniformly mixing edible 75mg of kappa-carrageenan and 25mg of konjac gum, and dispersing in 6.25g of deionized water, wherein the resistivity of the deionized water is 18.4 omega, so as to prepare a dispersion liquid;
2. placing the dispersion in a water bath kettle at 80 deg.C, and stirring for 30min to obtain 1.6 wt% of compound gum solution of kappa-carrageenan and konjac gum.
The silicon cathode adopting the obtained compound adhesive as the binder can be used for preparing a silicon cathode with low binder content (0-10 wt%), high Si content (80-100 wt%) and high Si mass loading (1-3 mg cm)-2) The good circulation stability is kept under the condition of (1). When the silicon cathode with the compound adhesive as the binder is matched with the commercial ternary cathode NCM523 to form the full cell, the obtained full cell also shows relatively stable cycle performance.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.