CN113001115A - High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel - Google Patents
High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113001115A CN113001115A CN202110232900.9A CN202110232900A CN113001115A CN 113001115 A CN113001115 A CN 113001115A CN 202110232900 A CN202110232900 A CN 202110232900A CN 113001115 A CN113001115 A CN 113001115A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010080 roll forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel, belonging to the technical field of wheel manufacturing; common forming processes for aluminum alloy wheels include: casting and forging-spinning. The aluminum alloy gravity casting process is the earliest process for producing aluminum alloy wheels in batches, and the aluminum alloy wheels cast by gravity are in an as-cast structure, have casting defects such as pinholes, shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, cracks, cold shut and the like, have low yield and poor mechanical properties, and have the influence on the service life of the wheels and the safety of the whole automobile. Similar problems as described above also exist with other casting forms. The swing rolling-spinning composite forming process can avoid the defects of cast structure, has high yield and greatly improved mechanical performance, and ensures the service life of the wheel and the safety of the whole vehicle. Meanwhile, the energy can be saved, the production cost is reduced, and the 350T swing roll squeezer can finish the work of the 8000T hydraulic press on wheel forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel.
Background
An aluminum alloy wheel used as one of the security parts of an automobile is formed by the following common forming processes: casting and forging-spinning. The casting includes gravity casting, low-pressure casting, liquid extrusion, counter-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, vacuum die-casting and semi-solidification casting. The aluminum alloy gravity casting process is the earliest process for producing aluminum alloy wheels in batches, and the aluminum alloy wheels cast by gravity are in an as-cast structure, have casting defects such as pinholes, shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, cracks, cold shut and the like, have low yield and poor mechanical properties, and have the influence on the service life of the wheels and the safety of the whole automobile. Other forms of casting produce wheels that are as-cast and suffer from similar problems as described above.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a high-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel, which belongs to the technical field of wheel manufacturing. Meanwhile, the energy can be saved, the production cost is reduced, and the 350T swing roll forging machine can complete the work of a 8000T hydraulic press on wheel forging.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Avoid the defects of cast structure, low yield, poor mechanical property and high production cost.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel comprises the following steps:
step 100: heating the blank;
step 200: upsetting;
step 300: forging;
step 400: punching a middle hole;
step 500: spinning;
step 600: and (6) heat treatment.
Further, in the step 100, the aluminum bar blank is placed into a heating furnace and heated to the temperature required by forging; heating by adopting a stepping blank preheating furnace; the blank is heated by adopting a continuous production line; and the blank feeding and discharging adopt an automatic feeding and discharging device.
Further, the heating time of the blank is 1 minute per piece; the blank heating mode adopts hot air circulation; the heating circulation distributes air volume according to temperature zones; the furnace temperature uniformity of the stepping blank preheating furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the step-by-step blank preheating furnace adopts a temperature control instrument to ensure the temperature control precision in the furnace to be +/-1 ℃; the continuous production line is provided with a furnace temperature recorder for recording the furnace temperature; in the step 200, the preheated aluminum bar blank is upset by a hydraulic press.
Further, the step 300 further includes the steps of:
step 310: preheating a forging die;
step 320: putting the blank upset in the step 200;
step 330: monitoring the temperature of the die and the workpiece, entering step 331 if the temperature of the blank does not reach a preset temperature, and entering step 332 if the temperature of the die does not reach the preset temperature; if the temperature of the blank and the die reaches the preset temperature, the step 340 is executed;
step 331: removing the blank;
step 332: forging is not started;
step 340: and forging the blank into a forging stock.
Further, in the step 340, a swing forging press is adopted to perform swing forging and pressing on the blank; the forging and pressing time of the step 340 is 1 minute per piece; the rotary forging press is provided with a temperature monitor for monitoring the temperature of the workpiece and the temperature of the die in real time.
Further, in the step 400, the forged blank in the step 300 is punched by using a hydraulic press to punch a central hole with a required size.
Further, the step 500 is to screw-press the forged blank with the punched central hole into a screw blank; the step 500 further comprises the steps of:
step 510: feeding;
step 520: carrying out numerical control programming processing;
step 530: and (5) spinning and forming.
Further, in the step 530, a three-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine is adopted for spinning; the spinning machine is provided with a main shaft stress monitoring device.
Further, the step 600 performs heat treatment strengthening on the rotary blank obtained in the step 500; the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment;
the step 600 further comprises the steps of:
step 610: automatic feeding of the roller path;
step 620: solution treatment;
step 630: hardening water;
step 640: pouring water;
step 650: aging treatment;
step 660: and (6) discharging.
Further, the heat treatment strengthening adopts a continuous heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment strengthens a hot air circulation heating mode; the furnace temperature uniformity error of the continuous heat treatment furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the devices adopted in the steps 620 and 650 are provided with human-computer interfaces; the human-computer interface exchanges data with the PLC; the human-computer interface realizes real-time temperature in the heating furnace; the continuous heat treatment furnace is provided with an alarm bell; and ringing when the temperature in the furnace is abnormal.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a high-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel, which belongs to the technical field of wheel manufacturing. Meanwhile, the energy can be saved, the production cost is reduced, and the 350T swing roll forging machine can complete the work of a 8000T hydraulic press on wheel forging.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram comprising step 300 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the process involved in step 330 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram comprising step 500 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram comprising step 600 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, a high precision numerically controlled pendulum forging process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wheel includes the following steps:
step 100: heating the blank;
step 200: upsetting;
step 300: forging;
step 400: punching a middle hole;
step 500: spinning;
step 600: and (6) heat treatment.
Step 100, putting the aluminum bar blank into a heating furnace, and heating to a temperature required by forging; heating by adopting a stepping blank preheating furnace; the blank is heated by adopting a continuous production line; and the blank feeding and discharging adopt an automatic feeding and discharging device.
Wherein the heating time of the blank is 1 minute per piece; the blank heating mode adopts hot air circulation; the heating circulation distributes air volume according to temperature zones; the furnace temperature uniformity of the stepping blank preheating furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the step-by-step blank preheating furnace adopts a temperature control instrument to ensure the temperature control precision in the furnace to be +/-1 ℃; the continuous production line is provided with a furnace temperature recorder for recording the furnace temperature; in the step 200, the preheated aluminum bar blank is upset by a hydraulic press.
Wherein the step 300 further comprises the steps of:
step 310: preheating a forging die;
step 320: putting the blank upset in the step 200;
step 330: monitoring the temperature of the die and the workpiece, entering step 331 if the temperature of the aluminum bar blank does not reach the preset temperature, and entering step 332 if the temperature of the die does not reach the preset temperature; if the temperature of the blank and the die reaches the preset temperature, the step 340 is executed;
step 331: removing the blank;
step 332: forging is not started;
step 340: and forging the blank into a forging stock.
In the step 340, a rotary forging press is adopted to perform rotary forging on the aluminum bar blank; the forging and pressing time of the step 340 is 1 minute per piece; the rotary forging press is provided with a temperature monitor for monitoring the temperature of the workpiece and the temperature of the die in real time.
In the step 400, the forging stock forged in the step 300 is punched by using a hydraulic press, and a middle hole with a required size is punched.
Wherein, the step 500 is to screw-press the forging stock with the punched central hole into a spinning stock; the step 500 further comprises the steps of:
step 510: feeding;
step 520: carrying out numerical control programming processing;
step 530: and (5) spinning and forming.
Step 530, spinning is performed by adopting a three-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine; the spinning machine is provided with a main shaft stress monitoring device.
Step 600 is used for performing heat treatment strengthening on the rotary blank obtained in step 500; the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment;
the step 600 further comprises the steps of:
step 610: automatic feeding of the roller path;
step 620: solution treatment;
step 630: hardening water;
step 640: pouring water;
step 650: aging treatment;
step 660: and (6) discharging.
Wherein, the heat treatment strengthening adopts a continuous heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment strengthens a hot air circulation heating mode; the furnace temperature uniformity error of the continuous heat treatment furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the devices adopted in the steps 620 and 650 are provided with human-computer interfaces; the human-computer interface exchanges data with the PLC; the human-computer interface realizes real-time temperature in the heating furnace; the continuous heat treatment furnace is provided with an alarm bell; and ringing when the temperature in the furnace is abnormal.
The working principle is as follows:
an aluminum alloy wheel used as one of the security parts of an automobile is formed by the following common forming processes: casting and forging-spinning. The casting includes gravity casting, low-pressure casting, liquid extrusion, counter-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, vacuum die-casting and semi-solidification casting. The aluminum alloy gravity casting process is the earliest process for producing aluminum alloy wheels in batches, and the aluminum alloy wheels cast by gravity are in an as-cast structure, have casting defects such as pinholes, shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, cracks, cold shut and the like, have low yield and poor mechanical properties, and have the influence on the service life of the wheels and the safety of the whole automobile. Other forms of casting produce wheels that are as-cast and suffer from similar problems as described above. The swing rolling-spinning composite forming process can avoid the defects of cast structure, has high yield and greatly improved mechanical performance, ensures the service life of the wheel and improves the safety of the whole vehicle. Meanwhile, the energy can be saved, the production cost is reduced, and the 350T swing roll forging machine can complete the work of a 8000T hydraulic press on wheel forging.
Assuming the aluminum alloy wheel is machined, in the heating step: and (3) putting the aluminum bar blank into a heating furnace, and heating to the temperature required by forging. The blank heating adopts continuous production line, and the business turn over material all adopts automatic business turn over device, and the production beat reaches 1 per minute, and the heating mode adopts heated air circulation heating, according to the reasonable distribution amount of wind of temperature subregion position, furnace temperature homogeneity is less than or equal to 5 ℃, and accurate temperature control instrument guarantees that the temperature control precision reaches 1 ℃, and the production line is equipped with imported furnace temperature record appearance simultaneously, records, preserves the temperature often for tracing back the management. In the upsetting step: and upsetting the aluminum bar with the surface oxide skin removed. Forging: putting the aluminum bar into a preheated forging die, and forging and pressing the aluminum bar into a forging blank in a rotary forging mode; the production line is provided with a mechanical arm to automatically feed and discharge materials, the production beat reaches 1 piece per minute, the equipment is provided with a precise workpiece and a mold temperature monitor, the workpieces which cannot reach the temperature are removed in time in the production process, and the mold is not started when the temperature of the mold is not reached to a set temperature, so that the forging quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the swing forging process effectively ensures the uniformity of the internal crystalline phase structure of the forged piece and improves the product strength. In the punching hole step: punching a middle hole with a required size in the forged blank; spinning: three spinning wheels are adopted to spin and form spinning blanks. The numerical control spinning machine is adopted for processing, and 3 spinning wheel shafts are equipped for synchronous processing. The programmable control system is used, the forming is controllable, and the programmable control system can be programmed in advance, so that the forming of the whole product is controlled in a full digital mode. The stress condition of the main shaft can be monitored constantly in the machining process. After spinning, the crystalline phase structure of the rim part material is effectively refined, and the strength of the rim is improved. In the heat treatment step: and (3) performing heat treatment strengthening on the rotary blank, wherein the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment. The heat treatment adopts a continuous furnace heat treatment mode, the product is automatically fed, subjected to solution treatment, quenched, poured, subjected to aging treatment and discharged through a roller path, the heating mode adopts hot air circulation heating, the furnace temperature uniformity error is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃, the intelligent high-efficiency solid-solution aging device adopts a human-computer interface to carry out data communication with a PLC (programmable logic controller), the furnace temperature of the heating furnace is constantly monitored, and alarm bells are used for informing relevant operators to carry out field treatment when abnormality occurs. The process forms a complete furnace temperature record, and the information is updated and fed back at any time.
The control mode of the invention is controlled by manually starting and closing the switch, the wiring diagram of the power element and the supply of the power source belong to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the wiring arrangement are not explained in detail in the invention.
The control mode of the invention is automatically controlled by the controller, the control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming of a person skilled in the art, the supply of the power supply also belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the circuit connection are not explained in detail in the invention.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A high-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 100: heating the blank;
step 200: upsetting;
step 300: forging;
step 400: punching a middle hole;
step 500: spinning;
step 600: and (6) heat treatment.
2. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: step 100, placing an aluminum bar blank into a heating furnace, and heating to a temperature required by forging; heating by adopting a stepping blank preheating furnace; the blank is heated by adopting a continuous production line; and the blank feeding and discharging adopt an automatic feeding and discharging device.
3. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 2, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the heating time of the blank is 1 minute per piece; the blank heating mode adopts hot air circulation; the heating circulation distributes air volume according to temperature zones; the furnace temperature uniformity of the stepping blank preheating furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the step-by-step blank preheating furnace adopts a temperature control instrument to ensure the temperature control precision in the furnace to be +/-1 ℃; the continuous production line is provided with a furnace temperature recorder for recording the furnace temperature; in the step 200, the preheated aluminum bar blank is upset by a hydraulic press.
4. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the step 300 further comprises the steps of:
step 310: preheating a forging die;
step 320: putting the blank upset in the step 200;
step 330: monitoring the temperature of the die and the workpiece, entering step 331 if the temperature of the blank does not reach a preset temperature, and entering step 332 if the temperature of the die does not reach the preset temperature; if the temperature of the blank and the die reaches the preset temperature, the step 340 is executed;
step 331: removing the blank;
step 332: forging is not started;
step 340: and forging the blank into a forging stock.
5. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: step 340, performing rotary forging and pressing on the blank by adopting a rotary forging and pressing machine; the forging and pressing time of the step 340 is 1 minute per piece; the rotary forging press is provided with a temperature monitor for monitoring the temperature of the workpiece and the temperature of the die in real time.
6. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and step 400, stamping the forged blank obtained in step 300 by using a hydraulic press to stamp a middle hole with a required size.
7. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: step 500, spinning the forged blank with the punched middle hole into a spinning blank; the step 500 further comprises the steps of:
step 510: feeding;
step 520: carrying out numerical control programming processing;
step 530: and (5) spinning and forming.
8. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 7, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: step 530, spinning is carried out by adopting a three-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine; the spinning machine is provided with a main shaft stress monitoring device.
9. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: step 600 is to perform heat treatment strengthening on the rotary blank obtained in step 500; the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment;
the step 600 further comprises the steps of:
step 610: automatic feeding of the roller path;
step 620: solution treatment;
step 630: hardening water;
step 640: pouring water;
step 650: aging treatment;
step 660: and (6) discharging.
10. The high-precision numerical control pendulum forging process for manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel as recited in claim 9, wherein: the heat treatment strengthening adopts a continuous heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment strengthens a hot air circulation heating mode; the furnace temperature uniformity error of the continuous heat treatment furnace is less than or equal to +/-5 ℃; the devices adopted in the steps 620 and 650 are provided with human-computer interfaces; the human-computer interface exchanges data with the PLC; the human-computer interface realizes real-time temperature in the heating furnace; the continuous heat treatment furnace is provided with an alarm bell; and ringing when the temperature in the furnace is abnormal.
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| CN202110232900.9A CN113001115A (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel |
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| CN202110232900.9A CN113001115A (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116145056A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-23 | 西北工业大学 | Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116145056A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-23 | 西北工业大学 | Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts |
| CN116145056B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-06-25 | 西北工业大学 | A method for forming an aluminum alloy disc |
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Application publication date: 20210622 |
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