CN112997825A - High-yield cultivation method for organic rice - Google Patents
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- CN112997825A CN112997825A CN202110216226.5A CN202110216226A CN112997825A CN 112997825 A CN112997825 A CN 112997825A CN 202110216226 A CN202110216226 A CN 202110216226A CN 112997825 A CN112997825 A CN 112997825A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000576755 Sclerotia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287127 Passeridae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195482 Validamycin Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-IMTORBKUSA-N validamycin Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-IMTORBKUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209510 Liliopsida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000184734 Pyrus japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000001497 healthy food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of organic rice, which comprises the following steps; s1, finely selecting land, and selecting field blocks with good conditions, fertile soil, flat terrain, high organic quality, good water temperature and water quality, few weeds and sufficient sunlight; s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, and selecting high-quality and high-yield rice fine varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like; s3, soaking and cultivating seeds; s4, transplanting in proper age; s5, scientifically fertilizing; s6, irrigating in a Honda; s7, controlling diseases, pests and weeds, and removing the left weeds by manual or mechanized operation. According to the method, a good growth environment can be created for the rice seeds by selecting the field and cultivating the rice seeds, the germination survival rate of the rice seeds can be increased, the rice tillering and early growth can be promoted by scientifically fertilizing the rice field, the tillering and heading rate of the rice can be improved, the rice early tillering and early row sealing can be promoted by irrigating the rice field with shallow water, and in addition, the rice field can be dried in the sun at proper time, seedlings can be pressed, weeds can be controlled, and the growth of the rice can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic rice cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of organic rice.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the living standard of people is gradually improved, consumers increasingly seek healthy, green and pollution-free healthy food, and organic rice is produced at the same time. The organic rice is a general name of japonica and glutinous rice of herbaceous rice plants. Generally, rice is a generic term for crops to be planted in paddy fields, and rice on herbs is specifically referred to as glutinous rice. The 'rice' character is transformed from a scoop character, which is the exact idea of one person pounding rice on a stone mortar. It is also called glutinous rice because it tastes sticky and soft. The rice is annual, gramineae, monocotyledon, and sexual preference for warm and wet, but the organic rice is relatively expensive and needs to increase the yield.
At present, most of organic rice is planted by a traditional process, and the rice produced according to the production requirement of the organic rice comes from the original ecological environment, so that the yield of the organic rice naturally returns to the original state, but the input is not reduced due to low yield, particularly, the weeding and pest killing work in the production of the organic rice is basically completed manually, the cost is obviously high compared with the modern agriculture, and the cost of the rice is naturally improved.
Based on the above, the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of organic rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a high-yield cultivation method of organic rice, which can create a good growth environment for rice seeds by selecting and cultivating the rice seeds, can increase the germination survival rate of the rice seeds, promotes the tillering and early growth of the rice by scientifically fertilizing the rice field, is beneficial to improving the tillering and heading rate of the rice, can promote the early tillering and early closing of the rice by adopting shallow water irrigation in the rice field, can control weeds by seedling and grass pressing in a timely sun-dried field to promote the growth of the rice, can effectively increase the yield and the health of the rice by preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds in the rice field, and is ecological and environment-friendly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield cultivation method of organic rice comprises the following steps;
s1, finely selecting land, and selecting field blocks with good conditions, fertile soil, flat terrain, high organic quality, good water temperature and water quality, few weeds and sufficient sunlight;
s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, selecting high-quality and high-yield rice fine varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is more than 95%, the purity is more than 99%, and the water content is less than 14%;
s3, soaking seeds, namely tedding the rice seeds for 2-3 days under a clear weather, soaking the rice seeds in 20% saline water, soaking the rice seeds in about 10kg of 2mL of seed soaking agent in water at 35-37 ℃ for 4-5 days, taking out the rice seeds, drying the rice seeds in the sun, and accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 23-28 ℃;
s4, transplanting the seedlings to the rice field when the organic rice is cultivated for 30-35 days;
s5, scientifically applying fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer amount of the decomposed cake used in rice transplanting is 0.05-0.07kg/m2100kg of rape seed cakes are additionally applied about 5-6 days after the transplanting, so that the tillering and heading rate of the rice is improved;
s6, irrigating in a field, transplanting rice to a water layer of 2/3 seedlings before turning green, irrigating 10cm of running water before booting to heading, and irrigating intermittently at the wax ripeness stage of the rice to keep the field dry and wet;
s7, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds, manually or mechanically removing weeds left after ploughing, fishing sclerotia at a water outlet and a downwind position after field soaking and harrowing, and removing the sclerotia in time when rice blast occurs in the field, particularly removing the malignant weeds such as double-spike sparrow and the like by manual operation for many times.
S8, harvesting, namely harvesting the rice when 90% of grains turn golden yellow when the rice ears reach the middle and later stages of waxiness, and selecting a field and a bedding at the same time;
s9, processing, namely airing the paddy to enable the water content of the drum to reach 10% -15%, and then processing, wherein the use of additives is forbidden;
s10, storing, namely storing the processed paddy in a granary, wherein the temperature of the granary is 10-15, and the granary is protected from light, normal temperature, dry and has moisture-proof facilities and has no insect pest and mouse pest.
Preferably, in the step S1, a buffer zone is formed between the organic paddy field and the conventional paddy field, and no other crops are allowed to be planted around the field.
Preferably, in the step S4, 3-4 seedlings are planted in each hole of the rice field, and the field is checked and replanting is performed in time after the seedlings are transplanted.
Preferably, in the step S5, organic biofertilizer such as crop straw, poultry manure, rape seed cake and the like should be used as the main fertilizer source of the field, and the fertilizer cannot be applied when the temperature is too high.
Preferably, in step S6, the irrigation of the organic rice is performed by clean water irrigation, wherein the irrigation is performed by shallow irrigation.
Preferably, in step S7, seeds are disinfected before sowing to eliminate germs, jinggangmycin is used for preventing and controlling false smut in drainage and sunning fields before the wax ripeness stage of rice, and insect catching and controlling insect damage can be performed by using insect catching nets when flying insects are damaged.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by selecting a field and cultivating rice seeds, a good growth environment can be created for the rice seeds, the germination survival rate of the rice seeds can be increased, and the production cost is reduced;
2. by scientifically fertilizing the rice field, the tillering and early growth of the rice can be promoted, the tillering and heading rate of the rice can be improved, and the growth quality of the rice can be improved;
3. by adopting shallow water irrigation in the rice field, the early tillering and early row sealing of the rice can be promoted, and in addition, the weeds can be controlled and pressed by timely drying the field to control the weeds to bunch and promote the growth of the rice;
4. by preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds in the rice field, the yield and the health of the rice can be effectively increased, and the rice is ecological and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
A high-yield cultivation method of organic rice comprises the following steps;
s1, finely selecting land, and selecting field blocks with good conditions, fertile soil, flat terrain, high organic quality, good water temperature and water quality, few weeds and sufficient sunlight;
s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, selecting high-quality and high-yield rice fine varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is more than 95%, the purity is more than 99%, and the water content is less than 14%;
s3, soaking and cultivating, namely tedding the rice seeds for 2-3 days under a clear weather, soaking the rice seeds in 20% saline water, soaking the rice seeds in about 10kg of 2mL of seed soaking agent in water at 35-37 ℃, then soaking the rice seeds in the water for 4-5 days, taking out the rice seeds, drying the rice seeds, and performing germination cultivation at a constant temperature of 23-28 ℃, and further, when cultivating the rice seeds, in order to know the concentration of the seed soaking water, determining the saline water concentration by using eggs at any time without influencing the seed soaking quality of the rice seeds;
s4, transplanting the seedlings to the rice field when the organic rice is cultivated for 30-35 days;
s5, scientifically applying fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer amount of the decomposed cake used in rice transplanting is 0.05-0.07kg/m2Additionally applying 100kg of rapeseed cakes for increasing water 5-6 days after transplantingTillering and ear forming rate of rice;
s6, irrigating in a field, transplanting rice to a water layer of 2/3 seedlings before turning green, irrigating 10cm of running water before booting to heading, and irrigating intermittently at the wax ripeness stage of the rice to keep the field dry and wet;
s7, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds, manually or mechanically removing weeds left after ploughing, fishing sclerotia at a water outlet and a downwind position after field soaking and harrowing, and removing the sclerotia in time when rice blast occurs in the field, particularly removing the malignant weeds such as double-spike sparrow and the like by manual operation for many times.
S8, harvesting, namely harvesting the rice when 90% of grains turn golden yellow when the rice ears reach the middle and later stages of waxiness, and selecting a field and a bedding at the same time;
s9, processing, namely airing the paddy to enable the water content of the drum to reach 10% -15%, and then processing, wherein the use of additives is forbidden;
s10, storing, namely storing the processed paddy in a granary, wherein the temperature of the granary is 10-15, and the granary is protected from light, normal temperature, dry and has moisture-proof facilities and has no insect pest and mouse pest.
In step S1, a buffer zone is required between the organic rice field and the conventional planting field, no other crops are allowed to be planted around the field, and in addition, the straw returning technology, measures such as additional application of organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and deep and shallow ploughing and farming in the field can be adopted to activate the soil plough layer and create a favorable growing environment for the organic rice.
In step S4, 3-4 seedlings are planted in each hole of the rice field, and the rice field is checked and the seedlings are replenished after the seedlings are planted.
Before transplanting the seedling, at first turn over the whole field deeply to the paddy field in advance, get rid of weeds, then carry out the broken fine screen of crossing of machinery, after cleaing away weeds, the repute of woodiness, flattening compaction are all around. After finishing the rice field finishing, transplanting rice seedlings when the temperature is stable and exceeds 12 ℃. When the rice seedlings are planted, the rice seedlings are lifted and planted as much as possible, the required density of field planting is reasonable so as to ensure the quality of the rice seedlings, and the rice seedlings are required to be planted in a shallow mode, in-line mode, evenly and stably.
In step S5, organic biofertilizer such as crop straw, poultry manure, rape seed cake, etc. is used as the main fertilizer source for the field, and the field cannot be fertilized at too high temperature to avoid destroying fertilizer efficiency, and harmful substances such as pesticide and fertilizer cannot be used when the field is fertilized.
In step S6, the organic rice is irrigated by clean water, the irrigation is mainly shallow, further, domestic sewage or industrial water cannot be used for irrigating the field in the organic rice, pollution to the rice is avoided, water can be drained in advance in a hollow place in the field, water can be drained later in a water leakage place in the field, early tillering and early sealing of the rice are further promoted, grass can be pressed by seedlings to control weeds to grow clumpy and promote growth of the rice through timely field drying, and deep water fetus protection can be adopted to protect the rice in a later period when the temperature is lowered.
In step S7, seeds are disinfected before sowing to eliminate germs, before the wax ripeness stage of rice, the rice is drained and sunned in the field, jinggangmycin is adopted for prevention and control when false smut is encountered, when flying insects are encountered, insect catching nets are used for catching, killing and controlling insect pests, and furthermore, the rice can be promoted to be resistant through measures of timely field placement, reasonable close planting, scientific fertilizer water irrigation and the like.
According to the method, a good growth environment can be created for the rice seeds by selecting and cultivating the rice seeds in the field, the germination survival rate of the rice seeds can be increased, the rice tillering and early growth of the rice can be promoted by scientifically fertilizing the rice field, the tillering and heading rate of the rice can be improved, the rice can be promoted to early tillering and early closing by irrigating the rice field with shallow water, in addition, the growth of the rice can be promoted by controlling weeds by seedling and grass pressing in a sunning mode at a proper time, the yield and the health of the rice can be effectively increased by controlling diseases, pests and weeds in the rice field, and the method is ecological and environment-friendly.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of organic rice is characterized by comprising the following steps;
s1, finely selecting land, and selecting field blocks with good conditions, fertile soil, flat terrain, high organic quality, good water temperature and water quality, few weeds and sufficient sunlight;
s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, selecting high-quality and high-yield rice fine varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is more than 95%, the purity is more than 99%, and the water content is less than 14%;
s3, soaking seeds, namely tedding the rice seeds for 2-3 days under a clear weather, soaking the rice seeds in 20% saline water, soaking the rice seeds in about 10kg of 2mL of seed soaking agent in water at 35-37 ℃ for 4-5 days, taking out the rice seeds, drying the rice seeds in the sun, and accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 23-28 ℃;
s4, transplanting the seedlings to the rice field when the organic rice is cultivated for 30-35 days;
s5, scientifically applying fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer amount of the decomposed cake used in rice transplanting is 0.05-0.07kg/m2100kg of rape seed cakes are additionally applied about 5-6 days after the transplanting, so that the tillering and heading rate of the rice is improved;
s6, irrigating in a field, transplanting rice to a water layer of 2/3 seedlings before turning green, irrigating 10cm of running water before booting to heading, and irrigating intermittently at the wax ripeness stage of the rice to keep the field dry and wet;
s7, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds, manually or mechanically removing weeds left after ploughing, fishing sclerotia at a water outlet and a downwind position after field soaking and harrowing, and removing the sclerotia in time when rice blast occurs in the field, particularly removing the malignant weeds such as double-spike sparrow and the like by manual operation for many times.
S8, harvesting, namely harvesting the rice when 90% of grains turn golden yellow when the rice ears reach the middle and later stages of waxiness, and selecting a field and a bedding at the same time;
s9, processing, namely airing the paddy to enable the water content of the drum to reach 10% -15%, and then processing, wherein the use of additives is forbidden;
s10, storing, namely storing the processed paddy in a granary, wherein the temperature of the granary is 10-15, and the granary is protected from light, normal temperature, dry and has moisture-proof facilities and has no insect pest and mouse pest.
2. The method for cultivating organic rice in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step S1, a buffer zone is provided between the organic rice field and the conventional rice field, and no other crops are allowed to be planted around the field.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of organic rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, 3-4 seedlings are planted in each hole of the rice field, and the field is checked and replanted after the rice is transplanted.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, organic biofertilizer such as crop straw, poultry manure, rape seed cake is used as main fertilizer source, and the organic biofertilizer cannot be applied when the temperature is too high.
5. The method for cultivating organic rice in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S6, the organic rice is irrigated by clean water irrigation, mainly by shallow irrigation.
6. The high-yield cultivation method of organic rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, seeds are sterilized before sowing to eliminate germs, the field is drained before the wax ripeness stage of rice, validamycin is used for control when false smut is encountered, and insect pests are killed and controlled by using insect-catching net when flying insects are encountered.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114698516A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-05 | 沭阳县恒大米业有限公司 | Seedling raising method for new high-yield high-quality rice variety in biological agriculture |
| CN114698624A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-05 | 中垦种业股份有限公司 | Efficient weeding method for paddy field |
| CN118020549A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for reducing rice field barnyard grass seed productivity |
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| CN109496735A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 刘跃生 | A kind of implantation methods that the rice percentage of earbearing tiller is high |
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Application publication date: 20210622 |