CN112993578B - Polarization coding phased array amplitude limiting antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to a polarization coded phased array amplitude limiting antenna. The antenna includes: a coded phased array antenna body, the coded phased array antenna body includes a three-layer structure, and the three-layer structures are: a first metal layer, including: a first metal patch, a second metal patch and a radiation diode unit; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected through a radiation diode unit; the second metal layer includes: a metal ground; the third metal layer includes: a DC bias line, a feeder line and a fan-shaped branch, and a limiter diode unit The first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected to the metal ground through the via hole; the DC bias line is connected to the radiation diode unit through the via hole. By adopting the method, a coded phased array antenna with high amplitude limiting and high integration can be realized.

Description

A Polarization Coded Phased Array Slicing Antenna

technical field

The present application relates to the field of radar technology, and in particular, to a polarization-coded phased array amplitude limiting antenna.

Background technique

In order to achieve dynamic wavenumber scanning, the traditional phased array antenna needs to use a phase shifter in the T/R component, which leads to problems such as difficulty in cost, volume control, and complex overall system design. Reflective and transmissive coded metamaterial antennas proposed in recent years have been improved in this regard. By loading the metamaterial surface and regulating the incident electromagnetic wave, the dynamic beam scanning function can be achieved, which reduces the cost to a certain extent. But there is also a design problem, which must add a space feed above the metamaterial for transmitting modulated beams, which leads to difficulties in integration, and affects the fabrication and practical application of the antenna.

As the front door of radio frequency and microwave systems, antenna is the main channel to realize the conversion of electromagnetic field and microwave circuit guided traveling wave in free space. The incoming high-intensity radiation field is coupled through the front door, and it is likely to generate a large current, so the electronic system related to the antenna is extremely vulnerable to damage or even destruction. The traditional limiting method has problems such as high system complexity, difficult cost and volume control, etc., and it is difficult to achieve a balance in terms of integration and effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a polarization-coded phased array amplitude limiting antenna that can balance the problems of phased array antenna integration and amplitude limitation in view of the above technical problems.

A polarization-coded phased array amplitude limiting antenna, the method comprising:

Polarization coding phased array antenna body, the coding phased array antenna body includes a three-layer structure, and the three-layer structures are:

The first metal layer includes: a first metal patch, a second metal patch and a radiation diode unit; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected by a radiation diode unit;

The second metal layer, including: metal ground;

The third metal layer includes: a DC bias line, a feed line and a grounded coplanar waveguide, and the limiting diode unit is connected to the ground through a via hole;

the first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected to the metal ground through vias;

The DC bias line is connected to the radiation diode unit through a via hole.

In one of the embodiments, it further includes: the radiation diode unit includes: two radiation PIN diodes; the DC bias line is used to control the turn-on and turn-off of the radiation PIN diodes.

In one embodiment, the third metal layer further includes: a fan-shaped branch; the fan-shaped branch is etched on the DC bias line.

In one embodiment, the fan-shaped branches are 1/4 wavelength fan-shaped branches; the fan-shaped branches are symmetrically etched on both sides of the DC bias line.

In one embodiment, slits and welding capacitors are further etched on the feeder line, so as to block the DC bias signal for controlling the radiation diode unit.

In one embodiment, the clipping diode unit includes: two pairs of clipping PIN diodes; the two pairs of clipping PIN diodes are welded between the grounding via and the feeder.

The above-mentioned polarized coding phased array limiting antenna directly integrates diodes on the two metal patches of the antenna unit, and generates a stable 180° phase difference between the two coding states through independent radiation, and realizes the 180° phase difference of the antenna radiation beam. Bits are digitally encoded, forming two polarizations. Compared with other coded antennas that introduce phase inversion on the RF input, it has the advantages of simple design and antenna operation. In addition, to cope with the current complex electromagnetic environment, taking the amplitude limiting ability of the antenna as the starting point, the amplitude limiting function is integrated into the design of the phased array antenna by setting the limiting diode unit, so that the phased array antenna has the amplitude limiting ability. Thereby, the polarization-encoded phased array amplitude limiting antenna is realized.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal layer in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer in one embodiment;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third metal layer in one embodiment

4 is a side view of a polarization-encoded phased array limiting antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a pattern of the E-plane of the loaded limiting diode antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an H-plane pattern of a loaded limiting diode antenna in one embodiment;

7 is an E-plane pattern of an unloaded limiting diode antenna in one embodiment;

8 is an H-plane pattern of an unloaded limiting diode antenna in one embodiment;

9 is an S-parameter simulation diagram of a coded phased array limiting antenna unit in one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an electric field distribution diagram of the antenna element when encoding "0" in one embodiment;

Fig. 11 is the electric field distribution diagram of the antenna element when coding "1" in one embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a comparison of beam scanning patterns with and without random phase at 10° in one embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a beam scan pattern of each scan angle in one embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a beam scanning direction diagram when the limiting diode is turned on in one embodiment.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application.

In one embodiment, a polarization-coded phased array amplitude limiting antenna is provided, including: a coded phased array antenna body, the coded phased array antenna body includes a three-layer structure, and the three-layer structures are: a first metal layer , a second metal layer and a third metal layer.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the first metal layer includes: a first metal patch 101 , a second metal patch 102 and a radiation diode unit 103 ; the first metal patch 101 and the second metal patch 102 are connected through the radiation diode unit 103 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the second metal layer includes: a metal ground 201 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the third metal layer includes a DC bias line 301 and a feeder line 302 , the limiting diode unit 303 is connected to the ground 201 through a grounded coplanar waveguide 304 , and a DC blocking capacitor 305 is welded on the feeder line 302 .

The first metal patch 101 and the second metal patch 102 are connected to the metal ground 201 through via holes.

The DC bias line 301 is connected to the radiation diode unit 103 through a via hole.

The above-mentioned polarized coding phased array limiting antenna directly integrates diodes on the two metal patches of the antenna unit, and generates a stable 180° phase difference between the two coding states through independent radiation, and realizes the 180° phase difference of the antenna radiation beam. Bit number coding. Compared with other coded antennas that introduce phase inversion on the RF input, it has the advantages of simple design and antenna operation. In addition, to cope with the current complex electromagnetic environment, taking the amplitude limiting ability of the antenna as the starting point, the amplitude limiting function is integrated into the design of the phased array antenna by setting the limiting diode unit, so that the phased array antenna has the amplitude limiting ability. Thus, a coded phased array limiting antenna is realized.

In one of the embodiments, the radiation diode unit includes: two radiation PIN diodes, and a DC bias line is used to control the turn-on and turn-off of the radiation PIN diodes. In this embodiment, PIN diodes are integrated on two metal patches, and through independent radiation, a phase difference of 180° with stable two encoding states is generated, and 1-bit digital encoding of the antenna radiation beam is realized. Compared with other coded antennas that introduce phase inversion on the RF input, it has the advantages of simple design and antenna operation. On the other hand, only integrating PIN diodes on two metal patches has the ability to scan coded beams. Compared with traditional phased array antennas, it makes a fuss about the input RF signal, simplifies the scanning beamforming mechanism, and is easy to design, process and promotion.

In one embodiment, the third metal layer further includes: a fan-shaped branch 306; the fan-shaped branch 306 is etched on the DC bias line. In this embodiment, even if a small amount of radio frequency signal flows into the DC bias line, it will be short-circuited after passing through the fan-shaped branch, and will not enter the DC feeder end.

As a specific implementation, the fan-shaped branches are 1/4 wavelength fan-shaped branches, and the fan-shaped branches are symmetrically etched on both sides of the DC bias line.

In one of the embodiments, a slit and a welding capacitor 305 are also etched on the feeder line to block the DC bias signal for controlling the radiation diode unit. In this embodiment, the influence of the DC bias signal on the limiting PIN diode is eliminated.

In one embodiment, the clipping diode unit includes: two pairs of clipping PIN diodes; the two pairs of clipping PIN diodes are welded between the gap of the grounded coplanar waveguide 304 and the feeder 302 . In this embodiment, in response to the current complex electromagnetic environment, the amplitude limiting capability of the antenna is taken as the starting point, and the amplitude limiting function is integrated into the phased array antenna design by setting the amplitude limiting diode unit, so that the phased array antenna has the amplitude limiting capability. Thus, a coded phased array limiting antenna is realized.

To sum up, by introducing a PIN diode, the limiter function is integrated in the front end of the system, and the complex and heavy phase shifter and phase shift control network are abandoned, and the integration of the antenna and the limiter is realized. On the other hand, integrating the PIN diode on the antenna unit makes it capable of clipping, and the loading of the clipping diode does not affect the performance index of the antenna.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, it is a side view of a polarization-encoded phased array limiting antenna according to the present invention. With reference to FIGS. 1-4, to design a polarization-encoded phased array limiting antenna, the following parameters in the figure need to be completed. Design: L1, L2, L3, R1, R2, R3, W1, W2, W3, W4, H1, H2. L1 is the length of the metal patch; L2 is the limiter PIN diode spacing; L3 is the length of the antenna unit; R1 is the radius of the via hole; R2 is the radius of the sector branch; R3 is the radius of the intermediate via; W1 is the width of the metal patch; W2 is the DC bias W3 is the width of the feeder; W4 is the width of the antenna; H1 is the thickness of the dielectric layer 1; H2 is the thickness of the dielectric layer 2.

The beneficial effects of the present invention will be described below through several sets of experimental data.

1. Simulation of the pattern of the polarized coding phased array limiting antenna element.

As shown in Figure 5-8, the pattern of the E surface of the loaded limiter diode antenna, the pattern of the H surface of the loaded limiter diode antenna, the pattern of the E surface of the unloaded limiter diode antenna, and the direction of the H surface of the unloaded limiter diode antenna are respectively picture.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna pattern are depicted when the clipping diode is in the on and off states, respectively. Simulation results show that the antenna has a clipping effect of nearly -20dB. It can be seen that when the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation field is incident and the limiting diode is turned on, the pattern gain is significantly reduced, which means that the antenna does not match the free space impedance and cannot receive energy from the outside. Therefore, when the antenna is radiated by a strong field, a good amplitude limiting performance can be obtained. Figures 7 and 8 show the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna pattern when the limiting diode is not loaded. Comparing Figures 7 and 8 with Figures 5 and 6 when the limiting diodes are turned off, it can be seen that the antenna pattern does not change before and after the limiting diode is loaded, indicating whether the loading of the limiting diode affects the antenna. The orientation map has no effect.

2. S-parameter simulation of coded phased array limiting antenna unit.

As shown in Figure 9, when the limiting diode is in the cut-off state, the bandwidth of the S11 parameter at -10dB is 0.5GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 5.5%. And when the limiting diode is in the conducting state, the reflection coefficient of the antenna tends to 0dB, that is to say, the high-intensity radiation field is reflected. The simulation confirms that this design can significantly enhance the antenna's reflection to high-intensity radiated fields when the limiting diode is turned on. At the same time, when the limiting diode is turned off, the normal performance of the antenna can be guaranteed not to be affected.

3. Field distribution diagram of polarized coding phased array limiting antenna unit

As shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the electric field distribution diagrams of the antenna element under two different codes of "0" and "1" are respectively shown. It is clear from the field distribution diagram that the direction of the electric field is opposite when the antenna is in different coding states. That is, when the antennas are in different coding states, the polarization directions of the antennas are opposite.

4. One-dimensional array diagram of polarization-encoded phased array limiting antenna.

Figure 12-14 shows the beam scanning pattern of the coded phased array limiting antenna array. As shown in FIG. 12 , when the 1-bit array antenna is beam-forming, it is easy to form large side lobes. In order to reduce the side lobes, the initial phase difference is set for each antenna element during feeding, and a random phase is introduced during the simulation. As shown in Figure 12, the side lobe suppression effect is better, up to 24.2dB. Figure 13 shows the directional diagrams at 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° respectively, and the angle of the main beam of the antenna is highly accurate. Figure 14 shows that when the limiting diode is turned on, the antenna enters the limiting state, and the antenna does not work at this time. Comparing the gain at the corresponding deflection angle in Figs. 13 and 14, we can find that the gain at the corresponding angle in Fig. 14 is 34.2dB lower than that in Fig. 13. It shows that after the limiting diode is turned on, the antenna enters the limiting state, showing a better limiting effect.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, all It is considered to be the range described in this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are specific and detailed, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A polarization encoded phased array limited antenna, the antenna comprising:

polarization encoding phased array antenna body, polarization encoding phased array antenna body includes three layer construction, and three layer construction is respectively:

a first metal layer comprising: the radiation diode comprises a first metal patch, a second metal patch and a radiation diode unit; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected through a radiation diode unit;

a second metal layer comprising: a metal floor;

a third metal layer comprising: the amplitude limiting diode unit is connected with the ground through a through hole;

the clipping diode unit includes: two pairs of amplitude limiting PIN diodes; the two pairs of amplitude limiting PIN diodes are welded between the gap of the grounded coplanar waveguide and the feeder line;

the first metal patch is connected with the metal ground through a via hole;

the direct current bias line is connected with the radiation diode unit through a via hole.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating diode unit comprises: two radiating PIN diodes;

the direct current bias line is used for controlling the conduction and the cut-off of the radiation PIN diode.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the third metal layer further comprises: fan-shaped branch knots;

the fan-shaped branch knot is etched on the direct current bias line.

4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the sector stub is a sector stub of 1/4 wavelengths;

the fan-shaped branches are symmetrically etched on two sides of the direct current bias line.

5. The antenna of claim 3 or 4, wherein the feed line is further etched with a gap and a solder capacitor for blocking a DC bias signal for controlling the radiation diode unit.

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