CN112970524B - Method for protecting wild population quantity of bright-colored Lactarius - Google Patents
Method for protecting wild population quantity of bright-colored Lactarius Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970524B CN112970524B CN202110215792.4A CN202110215792A CN112970524B CN 112970524 B CN112970524 B CN 112970524B CN 202110215792 A CN202110215792 A CN 202110215792A CN 112970524 B CN112970524 B CN 112970524B
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- 241001534110 Lactarius <percoid fish> Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002686 mushroom body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000080767 Areca catechu Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000006226 Areca catechu Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000037740 Coptis chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000044425 Quisqualis indica Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000296609 Celastrus angulatus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000005209 Canarium indicum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004862 elemi Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219053 Rumex Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000543691 Lactarius deliciosus Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000223655 Cenococcum geophilum Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000221986 Russulaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000222501 Agaricaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222518 Agaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221198 Basidiomycota Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001188 FEMA 4487 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000939957 Lactarius vividus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000460 acute oral toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/14—Celastraceae [Staff-tree or Bittersweet family], e.g. spindle tree, bittersweet or thunder god vine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/32—Ranunculaceae [Buttercup family], e.g. hepatica, hydrastis or goldenseal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for protecting the wild population quantity of fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect fresh Lactarius, and specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius by a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius cultivation method. When the method is used for harvesting the fresh milk mushrooms, the method is an effective method for protecting the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms in a natural state; compared with the traditional picking mode of root pulling, the method can not only reduce the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms to the greatest extent, but also effectively improve the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for protecting the wild population quantity of a bright-colored Lactarius rupestris.
Background
The fresh Lactarius (Lactarius vividus) belongs to basidiomycetes (Basidiomyceta), agaricus (Agaricaceae), russulaceae (Russulaceae), lactarius (Lactarius) in taxonomic, is a new species of newly discovered mode production place in China, is widely distributed in areas such as China south China, has fresh and tender fruit body meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, is regarded as a rare product in mountains in Sichuan, guizhou, hunan and the like, and is a local special product made of 'pine mushroom chicken' and 'pine mushroom oil' which are made of the fruit bodies. The fresh Lactarius is a natural precious wild edible and medicinal fungus, is one of members of the pine fungus family, and is also an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM) which has important significance for the growth of forests.
The literature "nutrition and safety evaluation of wild and vivid Rugu (Wen Huashu, lin Min, song, etc.), colorful fungus, china-the abstract of the academy of China academy of fungus, 2019-08-03) discloses: the test results show that the crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash content of the fresh milk mushrooms are 24.4%, 20.4%, 3.7% and 5.3% respectively; the protein nutrition evaluation shows that the amino acid of the bright-colored Lactarius deliciosus can meet the basic needs of human bodies; the ratio of copper, iron and zinc in the trace elements is reasonable; the contents of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium meet the sanitary index requirement of green food such as edible fungi (NY/T749-2018); acute oral toxicity test proves that the bright-colored Lactarius is nontoxic food.
The field harvest quantity of the bright-colored Lactarius is larger in 5-11 months each year, and the market is mostly used as the red juice Lactarius for trade eating, so that the natural population of the red juice Lactarius is most likely to be severely reduced. Therefore, the development and utilization research of the bright-colored Lactarius rupestris is not only of scientific and ecological significance, but also has industrial potential. Currently, market supply of the bright-colored Lactarius is completely dependent on wild picking.
The unique nutrition mode of the fresh Lactarius rupestris mycorrhizal fungi has extremely slow hypha growth. At present, domestic culture research on strains is limited to mother culture medium screening, and the expansion propagation of the mother strain is not realized. The liquid strain is an ideal choice for edible fungus strain propagation because of the advantages of simple and convenient manufacturing process, short production period, low production cost, stable strain quality and the like. Patent application CN202010281748.9 discloses a liquid strain culture medium formula of a fresh milk mushroom and a method for preparing liquid strain, wherein the formula comprises the following steps: pine needles, sucrose, wort, peptone, citric acid, magnesium sulfate and vitamin B1 are prepared according to the following weight ratio: 1.0% -2.0%:3.0% -4.0%:0.05% -0.15%:0.2% -0.4%:0.01% -0.03%:0.005% -0.015%:0.00125% -0.00375%. The method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a culture medium, and S2: split charging, S3: sterilizing, S4: inoculating and culturing. The method has the advantages that: the adopted strain only needs to be subjected to stationary culture, does not need ventilation equipment, has simple seed production process and has low requirements on culture equipment and environment. The liquid strain mycelium of the fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivated by the method is flocculent and grows fast, and can be fully distributed at the bottom of a 650ml tissue culture bottle after 40 days, thereby effectively shortening the cultivation period of the stock strain of the fresh Lactarius rupestris; the hypha has strong capability of resisting miscellaneous bacteria, and the pollution rate is reduced by 40% compared with the control pollution rate; the mycelium has bright density and color, and the yield is improved by 49.85% compared with the control, and the patent application is directed to a liquid strain culture medium formula and a liquid strain preparation method of the fresh-colored Lactarius rupestris.
In recent years, as the living standard of people is continuously improved, the demand for the fresh Lactarius deliciosus is gradually increased, and the natural population distribution area and the natural population quantity of the fresh Lactarius deliciosus are drastically reduced due to excessive picking and ecological environment damage. And the phenomenon that the natural population is seriously reduced is caused by the improper management (including picking and management) method of the natural population.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius deliciosus in order to solve the technical problems. The creative design of the application is obtained, and then the cause of serious decline of natural population and an effective method for solving the problem are found out through field comparison tests.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius by a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius cultivation method.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis, scissors, a scissor handle, springs and a opening, wherein the chassis is connected with the scissors, the scissors are arranged above the chassis, and the springs are arranged between the scissor handles.
Further, the chassis is provided with an opening, the opening is aligned with the edge of the scissors up and down, and the length of the opening is larger than that of the edge of the scissors.
Further, when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis is parallel to the ground and clings to the ground, and the cutting handle forms an included angle with the ground.
Further, the included angle is 20 °.
Further, when mushrooms are picked, 5 bright-colored Lac Regis Apis are uniformly reserved according to the shape of the field, and the mushrooms are not picked until the bright-colored Lac Regis Apis decayed.
Further, before mushroom harvesting, the mushroom land is watered, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 30-35%.
Further, the method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius rupestris specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, enabling the stipe to be positioned in the opening and the edge of the scissors during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, broadcast plant ash periodically every week, and spray Chinese medicinal liquid in time when pest appears.
Further, the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180-200 parts of potato, 15-20 parts of agar, 2-6 parts of yeast extract, 3-6 parts of peptone, 15-20 parts of glucose, 0.01-0.1 part of compound vitamin and 900-1000 parts of pine needle water.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of celastrus angulatus, 20-30 parts of fructus quisqualis, 5-10 parts of betel nut, qian Pi-40 parts of elemi, 1-5 parts of coptis chinensis and 40-50 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 3-5 times of the weight of the raw materials, decocting for 2-3 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Because the invention adopts the technical proposal, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the method is used for harvesting the fresh milk mushrooms, the method is an effective method for protecting the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms in a natural state; compared with the traditional picking mode of root pulling, the method can not only reduce the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms to the greatest extent, but also effectively improve the quantity of the fresh milk mushrooms.
Drawings
For a clearer description of an example of the invention or of a technical solution in the prior art, the drawings required in the description of the embodiment or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some examples of the invention, from which, without the inventive development, other drawings can be obtained for a person skilled in the art:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a mushroom picker of the present application;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mushroom picker of the present application.
In the accompanying drawings: 1-a chassis; 2-scissors; 3-cutting the knife handle; 4-a spring; 5-opening; 6-ground; 7-included angle.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in further detail, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments, any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the present examples, which still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by using a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, putting the stipe in the opening 5 and the edge of the scissors 2 during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis 1 of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis 1, scissors 2, a scissor handle 3, springs 4 and a opening 5, wherein the chassis 1 is connected with the scissors 2, the scissors 2 are arranged above the chassis 1, and the springs 4 are arranged between the scissor handles 3; the chassis 1 is provided with a mouth opening 5, the mouth opening 5 is aligned with the knife edge of the scissors 2 up and down, and the length of the mouth opening 5 is longer than that of the knife edge of the scissors 2; when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis 1 is parallel to the ground 6 and clings to the ground 6, and the scissor handles 3 form an included angle 7 with the ground 6; the included angle 7 is 20 °.
Further, before mushroom harvesting, watering mushroom land, and controlling soil humidity to be 30%; the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, regularly spread plant ash every week and spray traditional Chinese medicine liquid in time when pest appears; the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 parts of potato, 15 parts of agar, 2 parts of yeast extract, 3 parts of peptone, 15 parts of glucose, 0.01 part of compound vitamin and 900 parts of pine needle water; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of celastrus angulatus, 20 parts of fructus quisqualis, 5 parts of betel nut, qian Pi parts of olive, 1 part of coptis chinensis and 40 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water which is 3 times of the weight of the materials, decocting for 2 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Example 2
A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by using a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, putting the stipe in the opening 5 and the edge of the scissors 2 during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis 1 of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis 1, scissors 2, a scissor handle 3, springs 4 and a opening 5, wherein the chassis 1 is connected with the scissors 2, the scissors 2 are arranged above the chassis 1, and the springs 4 are arranged between the scissor handles 3; the chassis 1 is provided with a mouth opening 5, the mouth opening 5 is aligned with the knife edge of the scissors 2 up and down, and the length of the mouth opening 5 is longer than that of the knife edge of the scissors 2; when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis 1 is parallel to the ground 6 and clings to the ground 6, and the scissor handles 3 form an included angle 7 with the ground 6; the included angle 7 is 20 °.
Further, before mushroom harvesting, watering mushroom land, and controlling soil humidity to be 35%; uniformly leaving 5 bright Lac Regis Apis according to the shape of the field, and not harvesting until the bright Lac Regis Apis is rotten; the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, regularly spread plant ash every week and spray traditional Chinese medicine liquid in time when pest appears; the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of potato, 20 parts of agar, 6 parts of yeast extract, 6 parts of peptone, 20 parts of glucose, 0.1 part of compound vitamin and 1000 parts of pine needle water; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of kupi vine, 30 parts of fructus quisqualis, 10 parts of betel nut, qian Pi parts of olive, 5 parts of coptis chinensis and 50 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water which is 5 times of the weight of the materials, decocting for 3 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Example 3
A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by using a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, putting the stipe in the opening 5 and the edge of the scissors 2 during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis 1 of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis 1, scissors 2, a scissor handle 3, springs 4 and a opening 5, wherein the chassis 1 is connected with the scissors 2, the scissors 2 are arranged above the chassis 1, and the springs 4 are arranged between the scissor handles 3; the chassis 1 is provided with a mouth opening 5, the mouth opening 5 is aligned with the knife edge of the scissors 2 up and down, and the length of the mouth opening 5 is longer than that of the knife edge of the scissors 2; when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis 1 is parallel to the ground 6 and clings to the ground 6, and the scissor handles 3 form an included angle 7 with the ground 6; the included angle 7 is 20 °.
Further, before mushroom harvesting, watering mushroom land, and controlling soil humidity to be 31%; the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, regularly spread plant ash every week and spray traditional Chinese medicine liquid in time when pest appears; the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 185 parts of potato, 16 parts of agar, 3 parts of yeast extract, 4 parts of peptone, 16 parts of glucose, 0.02 part of compound vitamin and 920 parts of pine needle water; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of kupi vine, 22 parts of fructus quisqualis, 6 parts of betel nut, qian Pi parts of olive, 2 parts of coptis chinensis and 43 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 3.5 times of the weight of the raw materials, decocting for 2.3 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Example 4
A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by using a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, putting the stipe in the opening 5 and the edge of the scissors 2 during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis 1 of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis 1, scissors 2, a scissor handle 3, springs 4 and a opening 5, wherein the chassis 1 is connected with the scissors 2, the scissors 2 are arranged above the chassis 1, and the springs 4 are arranged between the scissor handles 3; the chassis 1 is provided with a mouth opening 5, the mouth opening 5 is aligned with the knife edge of the scissors 2 up and down, and the length of the mouth opening 5 is longer than that of the knife edge of the scissors 2; when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis 1 is parallel to the ground 6 and clings to the ground 6, and the scissor handles 3 form an included angle 7 with the ground 6; the included angle 7 is 20 °.
Further, watering mushroom lands before mushroom harvesting, and controlling the soil humidity to 34%; uniformly leaving 5 bright Lac Regis Apis according to the shape of the field, and not harvesting until the bright Lac Regis Apis is rotten; the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, regularly spread plant ash every week and spray traditional Chinese medicine liquid in time when pest appears; the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 195 parts of potato, 19 parts of agar, 5 parts of yeast extract, 5 parts of peptone, 19 parts of glucose, 0.09 part of compound vitamin and 980 parts of pine needle water; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of kuh-seng, 29 parts of fructus quisqualis, 9 parts of betel nut, qian Pi parts of olive, 4 parts of coptis chinensis and 48 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 4.5 times of the weight of the raw materials, decocting for 2.8 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Example 5
A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius, which adopts a mushroom picking device to collect the fresh Lactarius, comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by using a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, putting the stipe in the opening 5 and the edge of the scissors 2 during picking, pressing the ground by the chassis 1 of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging the fungus disk;
(3) after the fresh Lactarius is picked, the mycorrhiza is not stepped on or shoveled, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhiza all year round according to the cultivation method of the fresh Lactarius, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded.
Further, the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis 1, scissors 2, a scissor handle 3, springs 4 and a opening 5, wherein the chassis 1 is connected with the scissors 2, the scissors 2 are arranged above the chassis 1, and the springs 4 are arranged between the scissor handles 3; the chassis 1 is provided with a mouth opening 5, the mouth opening 5 is aligned with the knife edge of the scissors 2 up and down, and the length of the mouth opening 5 is longer than that of the knife edge of the scissors 2; when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis 1 is parallel to the ground 6 and clings to the ground 6, and the scissor handles 3 form an included angle 7 with the ground 6; the included angle 7 is 20 °.
Further, before mushroom harvesting, watering mushroom land, and controlling soil humidity to 33%; the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, regularly spread plant ash every week and spray traditional Chinese medicine liquid in time when pest appears; the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 190 parts of potato, 18 parts of agar, 4 parts of yeast extract, 4.5 parts of peptone, 17 parts of glucose, 0.05 part of compound vitamin and 950 parts of pine needle water; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of celastrus angulatus, 25 parts of fructus quisqualis, 8 parts of betel nut, qian Pi parts of olive, 3 parts of coptis chinensis and 45 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 4 times of the weight of the raw materials, decocting for 2.5 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
In order to further illustrate that the technical effect of the invention can be achieved, the following experiment is carried out:
5 months in 2018, the applicant selects plots with uniform distribution, gentle ground, consistent site conditions and 50 mu area as test fields in the Jiangcun county of the Meinan county, divides the plots into 0.5 mu/block of plots, one 100 plots, and then randomly divides the plots into four groups of 25 plots.
The method for planting and managing the fresh milk mushrooms in each sample prescription is the same, and when the fresh milk mushrooms grow to be harvested in the period of 26-30 days of 9 months in 2019, the following four methods are adopted for harvesting:
method 1: harvesting was performed as in example 1;
method 2: uniformly leaving 5 fresh Lac Regis Apis according to the shape of the field, and picking without picking until the fresh Lac Regis Apis is rot, and picking with other roots;
method 3: harvesting according to the method of example 2;
method 4: picking up all the fresh Lac Regis Apis.
Recording the number of mushroom bodies with the diameter of the mushroom caps in each square being more than 3 cm at intervals of one day, randomly taking 21 mushroom bodies on the day of picking in the method 1, and measuring the diameter of the mushroom caps, the thickness of the mushroom handles, the length of the mushroom handles and the weight of the mushroom caps respectively; for mycorrhizas, daily management is carried out on mycorrhizas all year round according to a bright-colored Lactarius rupestris cultivation method, people and animals are prohibited from stepping on the mycorrhizas, and the number of various square mushrooms is recorded by adopting the same method in 9 months and 26-30 days in 2020. The experimental results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Experiments show that when the fresh milk mushrooms are collected according to the methods 1 and 3, the effect on the yield in the second year is small, and the yield in the second year is improved by 11.82% and 17.98% respectively; when the fresh Lactarius is collected according to the methods 2 and 4, the effect on the yield in the second year is great, and the yield in the second year is reduced by 68.60% and 65.81%, respectively.
Therefore, when the method is used for harvesting the fresh Lactarius, the method is an effective method for protecting the quantity of the fresh Lactarius in a natural state; the traditional picking mode of root-connected plucking is the most main reason for reducing the quantity of the fresh Lactarius deliciosus.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for protecting the wild population quantity of the fresh Lactarius rupestris is characterized in that: the method for harvesting the bright-colored Lactarius adopts a mushroom picker, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting uniformly distributed fresh Lactarius rupestris, picking at the junction of the stipe and root of the fresh Lactarius rupestris by a mushroom picking device, cutting off the stipe, and performing daily management on the mycorrhiza according to a fresh Lactarius rupestris cultivation method, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a bright-colored Rugu land block which is uniform in distribution, gentle in ground and consistent in standing condition;
(2) selecting fresh Lactarius rupestris which can be picked, picking the fresh Lactarius rupestris at the junction of the stipe and the root by a mushroom picking device, enabling the stipe to be in the edge of a mouth opening (5) and a scissors (2) during picking, pressing the ground by a chassis (1) of the mushroom picking device, and then cutting off the stipe to avoid damaging a mushroom tray;
(3) after the fresh milk mushrooms are harvested, the mycorrhizas are not stepped on or removed, daily management is carried out on the mycorrhizas all year round according to a fresh milk mushroom cultivation method, and the number of mushroom bodies is recorded;
the mushroom picking device comprises a chassis (1), scissors (2), scissor handles (3), springs (4) and opening openings (5), wherein the chassis (1) is connected with the scissors (2), the scissors (2) are arranged above the chassis (1), and the springs (4) are arranged between the scissor handles (3); the chassis (1) is provided with an opening (5), the opening (5) is aligned with the edge of the scissors (2) up and down, and the length of the opening (5) is longer than that of the edge of the scissors (2);
when mushrooms are picked, the mushroom picking device is adjusted before the mushroom handles are cut off, the chassis (1) is parallel to the ground (6) and clings to the ground (6), the scissor handles (3) form an included angle (7) with the ground (6), and the included angle (7) is 20 degrees;
when mushrooms are picked, 5 bright-colored Lactarius mushrooms are uniformly reserved according to the shape of the field and are not picked until the bright-colored Lactarius mushrooms are rotten;
before mushroom harvesting, watering mushroom land and controlling soil humidity to be 30-35%.
2. The method for protecting the wild population quantity of the bright-colored Lactarius in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the daily management comprises watering, fertilizing and pest control, wherein the pest control is to clean sundries in fields and the sky in time, broadcast plant ash regularly every week, and spray Chinese medicinal liquid in time when pest occurs.
3. A method for protecting the wild population of the vivid Rumex mushroom according to claim 2, wherein: the fertilizer for fertilization is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180-200 parts of potato, 15-20 parts of agar, 2-6 parts of yeast extract, 3-6 parts of peptone, 15-20 parts of glucose, 0.01-0.1 part of compound vitamin and 900-1000 parts of pine needle water.
4. A method for protecting the wild population of the vivid Rumex mushroom according to claim 2, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of celastrus angulatus, 20-30 parts of fructus quisqualis, 5-10 parts of betel nut, qian Pi-40 parts of elemi, 1-5 parts of coptis chinensis and 40-50 parts of honeysuckle, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 3-5 times of the weight of the raw materials, decocting for 2-3 hours, and filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
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