CN112968282A - Polarization switching super-surface antenna housing - Google Patents
Polarization switching super-surface antenna housing Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization switching super-surface radome, and relates to the technical field of artificial electromagnetic materials. The polarization rotating unit comprises two disconnected sub-resonance rings, the sub-resonance rings are connected through a switch diode, the sub-resonance rings are electrically connected with the feeder line, the rear grating is in a disconnected state, the adjacent rear gratings are connected through the switch diode, and the direction of the rear grating is perpendicular to the direction of the feeder line. After the antenna housing is loaded on the aperture surface of the radar antenna, the instantaneous switching of the operating modes of the single-polarization, dual-polarization, multi-polarization and full-polarization antennas in a plurality of pulses is realized through the dynamic regulation and control of the polarization state of the transmitted electromagnetic waves of the antenna housing. The problems of single polarization information of the single polarization system radar, large aperture of the multi-polarization radar and high cost are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial electromagnetic materials, in particular to a polarization switching super-surface radome.
Background
Along with the continuous development of stealth technology, the polarization characteristic of radar echo is more and more abundant, through the dual polarization mode switching of radar antenna "transmission", "receipt", acquires the dual polarization scattering characteristic of target under the condition that does not increase antenna aperture area, can improve the radar to target object's resolution, discernment and cognitive ability. Therefore, the transmitted electromagnetic waves need to be subjected to polarization switch modulation without changing the structure of the single-polarization radar wave feed source, so that the polarization working mode is increased without increasing the aperture of the antenna.
The electromagnetic super-surface is an artificial surface formed by arranging structural units with the dimension far smaller than the wavelength in a two-dimensional plane according to a specific rule, and has a plurality of singular electromagnetic effects, such as: negative refraction, negative reflection, polarization rotation and the like have extremely important application potential in the fields of stealth, electronic countermeasure and the like, thereby drawing wide attention of academia. However, since the traditional metamaterial structure is determined, the function of the metamaterial is fixed, and the practical application range of the metamaterial is greatly reduced. Many schemes for reconstructing the super-surface are proposed, such as using mechanical means or using phase change materials, crystalline materials, graphene and some micro devices to combine with the super-surface to realize the function adjustability of the super-surface.
In recent years, the reconfigurable nature of a super-surface has received much attention due to its great advantages in many areas, and a reconfigurable super-surface integrates many different electromagnetic functions into a single super-surface, so that the electromagnetic response of the super-surface can be dynamically adjusted, thereby customizing different properties of the super-surface. For example, the reconfigurable nature of the metasurface can dynamically tune the operating frequency to accommodate a multiband or wideband frequency response; the reconfigurable nature of the super-surface may also enable the tuning of the polarization, phase state, etc. of the electromagnetic waves. However, at present, it is very difficult to realize the fast switching of co-polarization and cross-polarization transmission in microwave band by some mechanisms, because the modulation of microwave by phase change materials, crystal materials and graphene is not so great, and active devices must be loaded, and temperature control and light control devices, because their switching delay is large, do not meet the requirement of switching transient, so some electric driving devices, typically PIN diodes, varactor diodes, etc., must be used to complete the current regulation. However, the problem that the arrangement mode of the feed line has great influence on the transmission efficiency of the super-surface and the problem that the cross polarization conversion efficiency is low exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention realizes the polarization state switching of the transmission electromagnetic wave by means of loading an active device on the super surface, so that the instant switching of the working modes of the single-polarization, dual-polarization, multi-polarization and full-polarization antennas in a plurality of pulses is realized by loading an active variable-polarization super-surface antenna housing on the antenna array opening surface in a radar system under the condition of not increasing the aperture area and the volume and dynamically regulating and controlling the polarization state of the transmission electromagnetic wave of the antenna housing. The problems of single polarization information of the single polarization system radar, large aperture of the multi-polarization radar and high cost are solved.
The invention provides a polarization switching super-surface radome which comprises a front dielectric slab and a rear dielectric slab which are oppositely arranged, wherein a plurality of groups of feeder lines and front gratings are etched on the front side surface of the front dielectric slab, and a plurality of polarization rotating units are etched on the rear side surface of the front dielectric slab; a plurality of groups of rear gratings are etched on the rear side surface of the rear medium plate;
each group of feeder lines and the front grating comprises two feeder lines and two front gratings, and the two feeder lines and the two front gratings are kept parallel; the polarization rotation units comprise open resonant rings which are arranged in rows and columns, the arrangement direction of the polarization rotation units in one column is parallel to the extension direction of the feeder lines in one group, and the position of each column of the polarization rotation units is opposite to the positions of one group of the feeder lines and the front grating;
each group of the rear gratings comprises a plurality of discontinuous rear gratings, and the arrangement direction of the rear gratings in one group is vertical to the extension direction of the feeder line; the position of each group of rear gratings is opposite to the position of one row of polarization rotating units;
the open resonant ring comprises two c-shaped sub resonant rings, the openings of the two sub resonant rings are arranged oppositely, two gaps are formed between the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings, the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings are electrically connected together through a switch diode in one gap, the two sub resonant rings are respectively and electrically connected with two feeder lines at corresponding positions through via holes penetrating through the front dielectric plate, and two adjacent rear feeder lines in one group are also electrically connected through the switch diode.
Preferably, the rear dielectric plate and the rear side of the front dielectric plate are separated by a foam plate.
Preferably, the foam board has a dielectric constant of 1.1,thickness d2＝7mm。
Preferably, the switch diodes electrically connected with the two feeder lines in one group have the same positive and negative directions, and the plurality of groups of feeder lines are electrically connected with the FPGA chip;
the switch diodes between the back feeder lines in one group also have the same positive and negative directions, one ends of the back feeder lines are connected together, the other ends of the back feeder lines are also connected together, and two ends of the back feeder lines are respectively electrically connected with the FPGA chip;
and the FPGA chip controls all the switch diodes to be switched on or off simultaneously.
Preferably, one of the polarization rotation units, the feeder line facing the polarization rotation unit, the front grating and the rear grating form a super-surface unit, the period of the super-surface unit is p-10 mm, and the thickness of the front dielectric plate is d1The interval between two feeder lines in one group is 0.35mm, and the line widths of the feeder lines and the front grating are w respectively1＝0.3mm、w20.5mm, the line width of the sub-resonance ring is w30.5mm, 3.6mm of outer diameter, and d as the thickness of the back dielectric plate3The line width w of the rear grating is 4mm, and the gap g between two adjacent rear gratings is 0.6 mm.
Preferably, the angle of the gap between two sub-resonance rings in one split resonance ring is 6.75 °, the included angle between the connecting line of the tail end of one sub-resonance ring and the center of the split resonance ring and the positive direction of the x axis is 45 °, and the included angle between the connecting line of the gap center where the switch diode between the two sub-resonance rings is located and the center of the split resonance ring and the negative direction of the x axis is 37.85 °.
Preferably, the switch diode is of the type MAXOM 14020.
The polarization switching super-surface radome has the advantages that:
1. instantaneous control of the polarization of the transmitted wave is achieved.
2. Since the cell period is only 1/6 wavelengths, the transmitted directivity of the waves remains good.
3. Simple structure and easy preparation. The cross polarization switching can be realized by directly loading the super surface on the basis of the original single polarization radar, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the operation mode of the radar antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface unit in a radome, wherein a is a schematic diagram of transmission enhancement caused by superposition of multiple reflections due to a cavity effect; b and c are perspective views of the super surface unit; d is a schematic diagram of a polarization rotation unit; e is an equivalent circuit diagram of the used switching diode in a frequency band of 3-9 GHz.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a super-surface, wherein a is a partial front view of the super-surface; b is a perspective schematic view; and c is a schematic view from the back.
Fig. 4 shows simulation verification based on commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a polarization switching super-surface radome (square) of the present invention is loaded on an antenna array aperture surface (circular) in a radar system, and a single-polarization, dual-polarization, multi-polarization, and full-polarization antenna operation mode within a plurality of pulses can be realized by dynamically adjusting and controlling the polarization state of the transmitted electromagnetic waves of the radome. If the super-surface antenna housing is always in the on state, the super-surface antenna housing is in cross polarization transmission, that is, the transmitted wave is always vertical polarized wave, and at this time, the radar antenna is in a single polarization working mode, as shown in fig. 1 a. If the super-surface antenna housing is always in a 'on' state when being transmitted, namely, the transmitted electromagnetic wave is a vertical polarized wave; during receiving, the super-surface antenna housing is rapidly switched between an off state and an on state, namely time-sharing dual-polarization receiving, the radar antenna transmits a polarized wave, receives radar echoes of two polarizations in the same polarization mode, and at the moment, the radar antenna is in a dual-polarization working mode, such as b and c in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the polarization switching super-surface radome of the present invention mainly comprises two layers of F4B dielectric plates and a polarization rotation unit sandwiched between the two layers of dielectric plates, and the principle of reflection increase is shown as a in fig. 2. The front side surface of the front dielectric plate is etched with a plurality of groups of feeder lines and front gratings, and the rear side surface is etched with a plurality of polarization rotating units. The back dielectric plate and the back side of the front dielectric plate are separated by a foam plate with the dielectric constant of 1.1, and a plurality of groups of back gratings are etched on the back side of the back dielectric plate.
Each group of feeder lines and the front grating comprises two feeder lines and two front gratings, and the two feeder lines and the two front gratings are kept parallel. The polarization rotating units comprise c-shaped open resonant rings which are arranged in rows and columns, the arrangement direction of the polarization rotating units in one column is parallel to the extending direction of the feeder lines in one group, and the position of each column of the polarization rotating units on the front dielectric plate is just opposite to the position of one group of the feeder lines and the front grating on the front dielectric plate.
Each group of back grating comprises a plurality of discontinuous back gratings, and the arrangement direction of the back gratings in one group is vertical to the extension direction of the front gratings on the front dielectric slab. And the position of each group of the rear gratings on the rear dielectric plate is opposite to the position of one row of the polarization rotating units on the front dielectric plate, and the position of one polarization rotating unit is opposite to the positions of one complete rear grating and half of the two rear gratings positioned at the two sides of the complete rear grating.
The opening resonant ring comprises two c-shaped sub resonant rings, openings of the two sub resonant rings are arranged oppositely, a gap exists between the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings, two gaps exist between the two sub resonant rings, one gap is provided with a switch diode, and two ends of the switch diode are electrically connected with the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings respectively. Meanwhile, the two sub-resonance rings are respectively and electrically connected with the two feeder lines at the corresponding positions through via holes penetrating through the front dielectric plate. And two adjacent back feeder lines in one group are also electrically connected through a switch diode.
The switch diodes electrically connected with the two feeder lines in one group have the same positive and negative directions, the plurality of groups of feeder lines are electrically connected with the FPGA chip, and when the FPGA chip controls the two feeder lines in one group to be respectively at a high level and a low level, all the switch diodes connected with the feeder lines are simultaneously in a conducting state or a disconnecting state. And when the FPGA chip controls the two ends of the plurality of groups of back feeder lines to be respectively at a high level and a low level, all the switch diodes connected between the back feeder lines are simultaneously in a conducting or disconnecting state.
In the invention, a polarization rotation unit, a feeder line opposite to the polarization rotation unit, a front grating and a rear grating form a super surface unit, the period of the super surface unit is p-10 mm, and the thickness of a front dielectric plate is d1The interval between two feeder lines in one group is 0.35mm, and the line widths of the feeder lines and the front grating are w respectively1＝0.3mm、w20.5 mm. The angle of a gap between two sub-resonance rings in one split resonance ring is 6.75 degrees, the included angle between the connecting line of the tail end of one sub-resonance ring and the circle center of the split resonance ring and the positive direction of the x axis is 45 degrees, the included angle between the connecting line of the gap center of a switch diode between the two sub-resonance rings and the circle center of the split resonance ring and the negative direction of the x axis is 37.85 degrees, and the line width w of the sub-resonance ring30.5mm, and 3.6mm in outside diameter. The thickness of the rear dielectric plate is d30.2mm, afterThe line width w of the grating is 4mm, and the gap g between two adjacent rear gratings is 0.6 mm. The thickness of the foam plate is d2＝7mm。
The feeder on the front dielectric plate and the rear grating on the rear dielectric plate form a polarization switching feeder, the front side feed bias is provided by the bias voltage of the two feeders, and the rear side feed bias is provided by the pressure difference between two ends of the single rear grating. The whole design height embodies the integrated design concept of the structure feeder line, the polarization switching rule is written into the FPGA chip, the on and off rules of the diode are called through an external button switch or a signal, the fast switching can be realized, and the fast, flexible and accurate polarization regulation and control device has the advantages of rapidity, flexibility and accuracy in transmission electromagnetic wave polarization regulation and control. In this example, a switching diode of type MAXOM14020 was selected as the active component, which is equivalent to the series connection of a 2.2 Ω resistor and a 0.32nH inductor when conducting, and equivalent to the series connection of a 0.4nH inductor and a 40fF capacitor when disconnecting.
As shown in the simulation results of fig. 4, co-polarized transmission efficiency of more than 0.84 from 2GHz to 6GHz can be achieved in the off-state, and cross-polarized transmission of more than 0.83 from 4.5GHz to 6.5GHz in the on-state. It can be seen from the figure that the present invention achieves efficient dual polarized transmission in the range of 4.5GHz to 6 GHz.
The invention utilizes the characteristic of efficient transmission of the normal wave cavity, and simultaneously, the existence of the grating structure also provides possibility for the integrated design of the structure feeder line. However, since the presence of the normal cavity grating strictly defines the polarization condition, it is necessary to weaken the current of the rear grating and reduce the horizontal metallic property thereof in the co-polarization transmission. By disconnecting the rear grating structure and loading the switching diode, the effective length of the rear grating is reduced when the switching diode is actually disconnected, the grating structure is destroyed, and the frequency of the Fabry-Perot resonance effect is improved. According to a transmission matrix, the polarization rotation unit in the middle inevitably causes polarization rotation, the polarization rotation efficiency is 0.25 in a single-layer structure, and the polarization rotation transmission efficiency can possibly reach 1 after a normal wave cavity is added, so that high-efficiency cross polarization transmission is realized. Meanwhile, in order to improve the efficiency of co-polarization, when co-polarization transmission is carried out, the metal of the rear grating is damaged, and the polarization rotation of the polarization rotation unit also needs to be damaged, and preferably, the size of all metal structures in the x direction is small, so that resonance cannot occur in the use frequency, therefore, the part of the polarization rotation unit, which is vertical to the front grating, is cut off, and a switching diode is connected in the middle, so that efficient co-polarization transmission is realized. When cross polarization transmission is carried out, all diodes in the super-surface unit are conducted, so that a typical normal wave cavity clamp polarization rotating unit structure is formed, and high-efficiency cross polarization transmission can be realized; when the co-polarization transmission is carried out, the switch diodes in all the super-surface units are switched off, which is equivalent to the condition that no resonance can occur in the direction orthogonal to the polarization of the wave transmitted by the antenna, and the high-efficiency co-polarization transmission is realized. The cross polarization and co-polarization efficiency of the invention can reach 85% at 5-6 GHz, the efficiency is relatively high at present, and a time-sharing dual-polarization channel is realized, so that the super-surface-loaded active device has important application prospect in dual-polarization system radar and polarized synthetic aperture radar, the antenna aperture surface of the radar can be greatly reduced, and the cost of the radar antenna is reduced.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. The polarization switching super-surface radome is characterized by comprising a front dielectric slab and a rear dielectric slab which are oppositely arranged, wherein a plurality of groups of feeder lines and front gratings are etched on the front side surface of the front dielectric slab, and a plurality of polarization rotating units are etched on the rear side surface of the front dielectric slab; a plurality of groups of rear gratings are etched on the rear side surface of the rear medium plate;
each group of feeder lines and the front grating comprises two feeder lines and two front gratings, and the two feeder lines and the two front gratings are kept parallel; the polarization rotation units comprise open resonant rings which are arranged in rows and columns, the arrangement direction of the polarization rotation units in one column is parallel to the extension direction of the feeder lines in one group, and the position of each column of the polarization rotation units is opposite to the positions of one group of the feeder lines and the front grating;
each group of the rear gratings comprises a plurality of discontinuous rear gratings, and the arrangement direction of the rear gratings in one group is vertical to the extension direction of the feeder line; the position of each group of rear gratings is opposite to the position of one row of polarization rotating units;
the open resonant ring comprises two c-shaped sub resonant rings, the openings of the two sub resonant rings are arranged oppositely, two gaps are formed between the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings, the tail ends of the two sub resonant rings are electrically connected together through a switch diode in one gap, the two sub resonant rings are respectively and electrically connected with two feeder lines at corresponding positions through via holes penetrating through the front dielectric plate, and two adjacent rear feeder lines in one group are also electrically connected through the switch diode.
2. The polarization switching super-surface radome of claim 1 wherein the rear dielectric plate and the rear side surface of the front dielectric plate are separated by a foam plate.
3. The polarization-switching super-surface radome of claim 1 wherein the foam board has a dielectric constant of 1.1 and a thickness d2＝7mm。
4. The polarization switching super-surface radome of claim 1, wherein the switching diodes electrically connected to the two feeder lines in one group have the same anode and cathode directions, and the plurality of groups of feeder lines are electrically connected to the FPGA chip;
the switch diodes between the back feeder lines in one group also have the same positive and negative directions, one ends of the back feeder lines are connected together, the other ends of the back feeder lines are also connected together, and two ends of the back feeder lines are respectively electrically connected with the FPGA chip;
and the FPGA chip controls all the switch diodes to be switched on or off simultaneously.
5. The polarization-switching super-surface radome of claim 1 wherein one of the polarization rotating units, the feeder line facing the one polarization rotating unit, the front grating and the rear grating form a super-surface unit, a period of the super-surface unit is p-10 mm, and a thickness of the front dielectric plate is d1The interval between two feeder lines in one group is 0.35mm, and the line widths of the feeder lines and the front grating are w respectively1＝0.3mm、w20.5mm, the line width of the sub-resonance ring is w30.5mm, 3.6mm of outer diameter, and d as the thickness of the back dielectric plate3The line width w of the rear grating is 4mm, and the gap g between two adjacent rear gratings is 0.6 mm.
6. The polarization switching super-surface radome of claim 1, wherein an angle of a gap between two sub-resonance rings in one open resonance ring is 6.75 °, an included angle between a connecting line of a tail end of one sub-resonance ring and a center of a circle of the open resonance ring and a positive direction of an x-axis is 45 °, and an included angle between a center of the gap where a switching diode between the two sub-resonance rings is located and a connecting line of the center of the circle of the open resonance ring and a negative direction of the x-axis is 37.85 °.
7. The polarization switching super-surface radome of claim 1, wherein the switching diode is of a model MAXOM 14020.
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| CN114552205A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-05-27 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Asymmetric transmission double-sided image metamaterial dual-passband stealth antenna housing and design method thereof |
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