CN112964833A - Deep-sea combustible ice coating multi-interface environment in-situ simulation system and implementation method - Google Patents
Deep-sea combustible ice coating multi-interface environment in-situ simulation system and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ simulation system and an implementation method for a deep sea combustible ice overlying multi-interface environment, and relates to the technical field of marine environment ecological engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment ecological engineering, in particular to an in-situ simulation system for a multi-interface environment on deep sea combustible ice and an implementation method.
Background
Deep sea is the final sink of land-source pollutants, and the ecological change of the environment is an important process for linking the change of the surface marine environment and the change of the atmospheric environment. The deep sea resource development process may have important influence on the deep sea water environment and its ecosystem, such as hydrocarbon gas leakage caused by the deep sea oil gas development and deep sea combustible ice exploitation, after the gas enters the deep water environment, the gas is subjected to aerobic or anaerobic oxidation under the mediation of microorganisms, so as to change the dissolved oxygen, pH value and the like of the water environment. Therefore, research on the conversion process of the hydrocarbon fluid containing methane and the like in a deep sea water environment system and the response characteristics of the deep sea water environment to the leaked fluid containing methane and the like are important paths for developing a green deep sea hydrocarbon energy exploitation technology and responding to climate change of the deep sea environment.
At present, the behavior of methane-containing fluid and the like in deep stratum environment entering into multi-interface environments such as combustible ice overlying sediments, seawater and the like is mainly to perform in-situ observation by arranging deep sea in-situ observation devices, such as a deep sea lander, a buoy type seabed dynamic observation system and the like. However, these devices are very expensive, only allow observation and study of a single methane leak, and the methane flux into the body of water cannot be quantitatively linked to the fluid flux in the sediment layer. The chinese patent application publication No. CN104215622A, at 24/8/2016, discloses an in-situ detection simulation system for geochemical parameters of hydrates in deep sea sediments, which can perform experimental simulation of synthesis and decomposition processes of hydrates in deep sea sediments as required, eliminate uncertainty caused by sampling and ex-situ measurement by using raman spectroscopy in-situ analysis, and simply, real-time, efficiently and safely obtain high-fidelity information in a high-pressure simulation cabin, but the research is relatively simple, cannot perform simulation for different sea area environmental parameters, and cannot effectively connect the flux of hydrocarbon fluids leaked to the water environment with the change of hydrocarbon fluids in a sediment layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ simulation system for a multi-interface environment on deep sea combustible ice and an implementation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the technical defects that the existing monitoring method for the environmental change of deep sea water is single in research, high in cost and incapable of simulating different sea area environmental parameters.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an in-situ simulation system for a multi-interface environment on deep sea combustible ice comprises a simulation cavity, a data acquisition and processing system, a sensing device, a temperature control device, a camera device, a gas-liquid injection device and a plurality of sampling ports, wherein the data acquisition and processing system, the sensing device, the temperature control device, the camera device, the gas-liquid injection device and the plurality of sampling ports are arranged on the simulation cavity; wherein:
the plurality of sampling ports are uniformly arranged at each position on the simulation cavity and communicated with the simulation cavity;
the input end of the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected with the output end of the sensing device and the output end of the camera device;
the output end of the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected with the control end of the temperature control device, the control end of the camera device and the control end of the gas-liquid injection device;
a valve is arranged on the sampling port, and the valve control end is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system;
the deep sea in-situ geology is constructed and researched in a layering way by simulating the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation environment in the simulation cavity.
According to the scheme, silty muddy sediment and seawater which is consistent with or close to the actual environment are filled in the simulation cavity according to the geological exploration result of the actual simulation place, and gas and liquid are injected into the cavity through the gas-liquid injection device, so that the pressure in the simulation cavity reaches the pressure environment of the simulation area; and the construction of the in-situ simulation environment is completed by injecting sulfate solution, calcium chloride solution, methane gas and the like into the simulation cavity.
In the scheme, the pressure, temperature and resistivity changes in the simulation cavity are monitored in real time through the sensing device, and the acquired information is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system; sampling is carried out in the simulation cavity through a sampling port regularly, and the change condition of components and the change of pH value in the simulation cavity are analyzed through the sample; saturated oxygen-containing water is injected into the water environment through the gas-liquid injection device, dissolved oxygen change of the water environment is adjusted, meanwhile, the migration process of methane-containing fluid in the water environment is recorded through the camera device and is processed by the data acquisition and processing system, quantitative measurement and research on the number and size of methane bubbles and the dynamic change process of the methane bubbles are achieved, and the formation condition of a hydrate shell outside the methane bubbles is observed.
In the scheme, through a deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system, according to the geological, physical and chemical parameters of deep sea in-situ, in-situ simulation and quantitative observation are carried out on a deep sea water environment system, indoor simulation of a deep sea high-pressure environment is realized, the construction cost is greatly reduced, simulation can be carried out on different sea area environment parameters, a multi-point water environment system is simulated through the advantage of time-to-space conversion, and effective connection is carried out on the hydrocarbon fluid flux leaked to the water body environment and the hydrocarbon fluid change condition in a deposition layer through simulation of the deposition layer and a water layer.
The simulation cavity comprises a water environment simulation cavity and a deposition environment simulation cavity; wherein:
the water environment simulation cavity is used for simulating a water environment, and the deposition environment simulation cavity is used for simulating a deposition environment.
In the scheme, the inside of the simulation cavity has a corrosion-resistant function, the whole simulation cavity is made of a corrosion-resistant material, or a corrosion-resistant coating is welded on the inner wall of the simulation cavity in a build-up welding mode, so that the system can sufficiently resist and adapt to the deep sea high pressure and corrosion-containing environment in the long-period high-pressure simulation process.
The sensing device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, a plurality of resistivity sensors and a plurality of pressure sensors; wherein:
the temperature sensors are uniformly arranged in the water environment and the deposition environment, and the output ends of the temperature sensors are electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system;
the resistivity sensors are uniformly arranged in the deposition environment, and the output ends of the resistivity sensors are electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system;
the pressure sensor is arranged in the water environment simulation cavity, and the output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system.
In the scheme, the temperature sensors and the resistivity sensors are uniformly arranged in the deposition layer in a layered mode, and the purposes of inverting the chemical environment change of pore water in the deposition layer, the phase state change of fluid and the like are achieved by monitoring the temperature field and the resistivity field change of the deposition environment in the research process in real time.
The temperature control device comprises a water environment temperature control water bath device and a deposition environment temperature control water bath device; wherein:
the water environment temperature control water bath device is wrapped on the outer wall of the water environment simulation cavity, and the control end of the water environment temperature control water bath device is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system;
the deposition environment temperature control water bath device is wrapped on the outer wall of the deposition environment simulation cavity, and the control end of the deposition environment temperature control water bath device is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system.
In the scheme, the purpose of temperature in-situ simulation of the sedimentary layer environment and the water environment is achieved through the two separated temperature control devices. A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged at different levels of a sedimentary layer environment and a water environment, so that the temperature in the simulation cavity is monitored. The simulation cavity can realize the temperature control requirement in a separated large-scale water bath system, an externally-coated low-temperature water jacket, a low-temperature air bath and other modes. The water environment is higher because of the simulation chamber, and in order to conveniently realize the simulation of the temperature environment, the water bath system arranged outside the water environment can be set to move up and down and the like.
The camera device adopts a movable camera device and comprises a camera, a closed cavity, a traction piece, a limiting locking piece and an operating handle; wherein:
the closed cavity is arranged in the water environment simulation cavity;
the camera is arranged in the closed cavity through the traction piece and is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing system;
the limiting locking piece is fixedly arranged at the top end of the closed cavity, and the traction piece is fixedly connected with the operating handle through the limiting locking piece;
a plurality of clamping teeth are uniformly arranged on the traction piece, and a clamping piece used for clamping the clamping teeth is arranged on the limiting locking piece;
and the operating handle is provided with a button for controlling the expansion of the card.
In the scheme, when a researcher needs to observe through the camera device, the researcher can press the button on the operating handle, and the card is retracted into the limiting locking piece, so that the locking relation between the latch and the card is released; the position of the camera is selected through the operating handle and the traction piece, after the position is determined, the button is loosened, the latch and the card are locked again, and then the moving process of the camera device is completed.
In the scheme, in order to realize the long-period real-time observation of the change process of the overlying water environment system, the movable camera device for multi-angle observation is designed, and mainly comprises internal movable observation and external fixed observation. The internal mobile observation is realized by arranging a closed long and thin transparent cavity in the water environment simulation cavity, arranging a camera device in the cavity, and enabling the cavity to stretch up and down, so that all-dimensional observation of each water layer of the water environment system is realized in the internal part in the process of meeting the change of environmental conditions. Meanwhile, a plurality of pressure-resistant observation windows are arranged on the outer wall of the simulation cavity, a high-definition camera device can be arranged outside the observation windows, and real-time high-definition observation is carried out on the water environment in the simulation cavity from the outside.
The gas-liquid injection device comprises a seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system, a gas pressurization system and a liquid injection system; wherein:
the seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system is arranged on the water environment simulation cavity, and chemical fluid with different components and different concentrations is injected into different ranges of different side walls to realize the simulation of chemical conditions in the deep sea water environment;
and the gas pressurization system and the liquid injection system are both arranged on the deposition environment simulation cavity and are used for injecting gas or liquid into the deposition environment to realize pressurization on the deposition environment.
In the above scheme, realize carrying out the pressure boost to deep sedimentary deposit and sea water layer through gas and liquid injection system to be provided with the level pressure control system at sea water environment simulation roof portion, combine the pressure sensor real-time supervision that the simulation intracavity set up to regulate and control the pressure change in the simulation intracavity, realize carrying out the purpose of normal position emulation to the pressure environment in the deep sea simulation intracavity.
In the scheme, a plurality of fluid injection interfaces are arranged at different layers of the water environment simulation cavity, and in the simulation process, chemical fluids with different components and different concentrations are injected into points in different ranges from the side wall through a seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system, so that the simulation of chemical conditions in the deep sea water environment is realized.
The data acquisition and processing system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data central processing unit and interactive equipment; wherein:
the input end of the data acquisition unit is electrically connected with the output ends of the sensing device and the camera device;
the output end of the data acquisition unit is electrically connected with the input end of the data central processing unit;
the output end of the data central processing unit is electrically connected with the control end of the temperature control device, the control end of the camera device, the control end of the gas-liquid injection device and the control end of the valve;
the interaction equipment is electrically connected with the data central processing unit to realize information interaction.
In the scheme, the data acquisition and processing system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data central processing unit, an interactive device (computer) and the like, and the functions of real-time acquisition, processing, storage, image output and the like of various environmental information changes of sedimentary layer and water layer environments in the simulation process are realized.
Wherein, a plurality of side wall fluid injection channels are arranged on the side wall of the deposition environment simulation cavity; and a plurality of bottom fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of the deposition environment simulation cavity.
In the scheme, the plurality of axial and annular fluid injection channels are arranged in the sedimentation environment simulation cavity, and the pore fluid with components and concentration which are vertically distributed and consistent with deep sea sedimentation layer pore water is injected quantitatively, so that the simulation of the pore water chemical environment of the sedimentation layer in the experimental process is realized. Through the arrangement of the fluid injection channel, the process that the methane-containing fluid and the like leaked in the exploitation or release process of hydrocarbon energy sources such as deep sea natural gas, combustible ice and the like enter the deposition environment in different migration modes under the natural and artificial disturbance conditions is realized.
The system is also provided with a safety guarantee module which is mainly used for early warning and forecasting the leakage of inflammable substances such as methane and the like in the environment simulation process and guaranteeing the environmental safety around the simulation process.
An implementation method of an in-situ simulation system for a multi-interface environment on deep-sea combustible ice comprises the following steps:
s1: filling silty muddy sediment in a sediment environment simulation cavity according to a geological exploration result of a simulation ground, and filling seawater which is consistent with or close to an actual environment in a water environment simulation cavity;
s2: gas and liquid are injected into the cavity of the gas-liquid injection device, so that the pressure in the simulation cavity reaches the pressure environment of the simulation area;
s3: according to actual exploration data, a sulfate solution, a calcium chloride solution and the like are injected through a side wall fluid injection channel, so that the simulation of the pore water chemical condition of the deposition environment simulation cavity is realized; injecting methane gas through the bottom fluid injection channel to complete the construction of the in-situ simulation environment;
s4: in the process of researching the migration of methane gas, the pressure condition in the simulation cavity is monitored in real time through the sensing device, and the simulation cavity is ensured to be in a constant pressure state; monitoring the temperature and resistivity changes in the water environment simulation cavity and the deposition environment simulation cavity in real time, and transmitting the acquired information to a data acquisition and processing system; in the simulation process, sampling is carried out in the simulation cavity through the sampling port regularly, and the change condition of components and the change of pH value in the simulation cavity are analyzed through the sample;
s5: saturated oxygen-containing water is injected into the water environment through the gas-liquid injection device, dissolved oxygen change of the water environment is adjusted, meanwhile, the migration process of methane-containing fluid in the water environment is recorded through the camera device and is processed by the data acquisition and processing system, quantitative measurement and research on the number and size of methane bubbles and the dynamic change process of the methane bubbles are achieved, and the formation condition of a hydrate shell outside the methane bubbles is observed.
In the scheme, the method for realizing the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system mainly comprises the steps of carrying out in-situ environment construction on a deep sea sedimentary layer and a deep sea water environment in a deep sea environment simulation cavity, filling sediments or artificial porous media which are close to or even consistent with the actual condition in the sedimentary layer simulation cavity according to the actual geological exploration result, and filling in-situ actual seawater or artificially configured seawater which is close to or even consistent with the actual condition in the water environment simulation cavity. The pressure environment in the deep sea environment simulation cavity is consistent with or close to the actual situation through gas pressurization or liquid pressurization. And then according to actual exploration data, injecting fluid with the components and the concentration consistent with the actual environment into the axial or annular injection port of the sedimentary deposit to realize the simulation of the in-situ pore water chemical environment condition in the sedimentary deposit simulation cavity. And then injecting methane or other hydrocarbon-containing gas with different fluxes through gas injection ports arranged at the bottom or the side wall of the sediment layer, and monitoring the migration and conversion characteristics of the hydrocarbon gas in the sediment layer and the seawater environment simulation cavity. According to actual needs, the gas injection can be single-point injection or multi-point combined injection. In the whole process of hydrocarbon gas migration change, the temperature, pressure and resistivity changes distributed in the sedimentary deposit and water environment are monitored and analyzed in real time, and the component change conditions in the environment can be simulated through sampling and analyzing of the sedimentary deposit and the water layer in real time. And injecting fluid with required concentration and components into the water environment in a directional manner through the movable dynamic telescopic fluid injection system in the experimental process according to the research requirement. In the simulation process, a hydrocarbon-containing fluid migration process, a hydrocarbon gas phase change process, an environment change condition and the like in a water environment are photographed in real time through an internal mobile camera device, an observation window and an external high-definition camera device system, and a photographed image is quantitatively processed through a software processing system. In the whole simulation process, the safety control guarantee system is used for carrying out real-time monitoring, forecasting and early warning on the high-pressure condition and combustible gas leakage in the simulated environment, so that safety accidents are prevented.
In the scheme, the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system and the implementation method thereof can realize in-situ geological layering construction of deep sea sedimentary layers and deep water environments, really invert the in-situ geological, physical and chemical environments of deep sea water systems, and realize the migration and transformation process that methane-containing fluid and the like leaked in the process of exploiting or releasing hydrocarbon energy sources such as deep sea natural gas, combustible ice and the like enter the deep water environments under the natural or artificial disturbance condition, and the process that the combustible ice on the deep sea shallow layers is decomposed to enter overlying water environments under the natural condition change such as climate change and the like. By reconstructing the in-situ temperature, pressure and chemical environmental conditions of a deposition layer and a seawater layer and simulating the processes of physical migration and chemical conversion of methane entering a deep water environment, the invention can realize the migration behavior simulation of methane-containing fluid and the like in different modes such as diffusion, dissolution, bubble migration, airflow migration and the like in a deep water environment medium, the behavior simulation of chemical conversion by forming hydrate or under the mediation of microorganisms, the real-time data acquisition, processing, image output and storage, and the safety monitoring of the surrounding environment in the whole evolution process. The invention can realize the directional condition control of the simulation process to directionally change the geological environment condition, and realize the function of simulating different sea area environment conditions in a time-space-changing mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an in-situ simulation system and an implementation method for a multi-interface environment on deep sea combustible ice, which are used for carrying out in-situ simulation and quantitative observation on a deep sea water environment system according to the geological, physical and chemical parameter conditions of deep sea in-situ, realizing indoor simulation on a deep sea high-pressure environment, greatly reducing the construction cost, simulating different sea area environment parameters, simulating a multi-point water environment system by the advantage of time-to-space conversion, and effectively linking the flux of hydrocarbon fluid leaked to a water body environment with the change condition of the hydrocarbon fluid in a sedimentary layer by the simulation of the sedimentary layer and a water layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of internal circuit blocks of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a simulation chamber; 11. a water environment simulation cavity; 12. a deposition environment simulation cavity; 121. a sidewall fluid injection channel; 122. a bottom fluid injection channel; 13. an observation window; 2. a data acquisition processing system; 21. a data acquisition unit; 22. a data central processing unit; 23. an interactive device; 3. a sensing device; 31. a temperature sensor; 32. a resistivity sensor; 33. a pressure sensor; 4. a temperature control device; 41. a water bath device is controlled by the water environment temperature; 42. a deposition environment temperature control water bath device; 5. a camera device; 51. a camera; 52. a closed cavity; 53. a traction member; 54. a limiting locking piece; 55. an operating handle; 6. a gas-liquid injection device; 61. a seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system; 62. a gas pressurization system; 63. a liquid injection system; 7. a sampling port; 71. a valve; 8. a security assurance module; 9. a constant pressure control module; 91. a flow control meter; 92. a back pressure valve.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
In order to truly invert geological, physical and chemical environmental conditions of a deep sea water environment and provide a basic platform for environmental ecological effect research and environmental impact evaluation brought by methane-containing fluid leaked in the process of exploiting or releasing hydrocarbon energy sources such as deep sea natural gas and combustible ice and the like under natural or artificial disturbance conditions and entering a deep sea water environment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an in-situ simulation system of a multi-interface environment on deep sea combustible ice is provided, in-situ geological layered construction of a deep sea sediment layer and the deep water environment can be realized, and in-situ geological, physical and chemical environments of a deep sea water system are truly inverted. The device specifically comprises a simulation cavity 1, a data acquisition and processing system 2, a sensing device 3, a temperature control device 4, a camera device 5, a gas-liquid injection device 6 and a plurality of sampling ports 7, wherein the data acquisition and processing system, the sensing device, the gas-liquid injection device and the sampling ports 7 are arranged on the simulation cavity 1; wherein:
the input end of the data acquisition and processing system 2 is electrically connected with the output end of the sensing device 3 and the output end of the camera device 5;
the output end of the data acquisition and processing system 2 is electrically connected with the control end of the temperature control device 4, the control end of the camera device 5 and the control end of the gas-liquid injection device 6;
a valve 71 is arranged on the sampling port 7, and the control end of the valve 71 is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system 2;
the deep sea in-situ geology is constructed and researched in a layering way by simulating the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation environment in the simulation cavity 1.
In the specific implementation process, silty muddy sediment and seawater which is consistent with or close to the actual environment are filled in the simulation cavity 1 according to the geological exploration result of the actual simulation site, and gas and liquid are injected into the cavity through the gas-liquid injection device 6, so that the pressure in the simulation cavity 1 reaches the pressure environment of the simulation area; the construction of the in-situ simulation environment is completed by injecting a sulfate solution, a calcium chloride solution, methane gas and the like into the simulation cavity 1.
In the specific implementation process, the pressure, temperature and resistivity changes in the simulation cavity 1 are monitored in real time through the sensing device 3, and the acquired information is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system 2; sampling is carried out in the simulation cavity 1 through the sampling port 7 regularly, and the change condition of components and the change of pH value in the simulation cavity 1 are analyzed through the sample; saturated oxygen-containing water is injected into the water environment through the gas-liquid injection device 6, dissolved oxygen change of the water environment is adjusted, meanwhile, the migration process of methane-containing fluid in the water environment is recorded through the camera device 5 and is processed by the data acquisition and processing system 2, quantitative measurement and research on the number and size of methane bubbles and the dynamic change process of the methane bubbles are achieved, and the formation condition of a hydrate shell outside the methane bubbles is observed.
In the specific implementation process, the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system is used for carrying out in-situ simulation and quantitative observation on the deep sea water environment system according to the geological, physical, chemical and other parameter conditions of the deep sea in-situ, so that the indoor simulation of the deep sea high-pressure environment is realized, the construction cost is greatly reduced, the simulation can be carried out aiming at different sea area environment parameters, the multi-point water environment system is simulated through the advantage of time-to-space conversion, and the flux of hydrocarbon fluid leaked to the water body environment can be effectively linked with the change condition of the hydrocarbon fluid in a deposition layer through the simulation of the deposition layer and a water layer.
More specifically, the simulation cavity 1 comprises a water environment simulation cavity 11 and a deposition environment simulation cavity 12; wherein:
the water environment simulation cavity 11 is used for simulating a water environment, and the deposition environment simulation cavity 12 is used for simulating a deposition environment.
In the specific implementation process, the inside of the simulation cavity 1 should have a corrosion-resistant function, and the whole simulation cavity is made of a corrosion-resistant material, or a corrosion-resistant coating is welded on the inner wall of the simulation cavity, so that the system can sufficiently resist and adapt to the deep sea high pressure and corrosion-containing environment in the long-period high-pressure simulation process. The simulation system according to this example is a cylindrical structure, and the deposition environment simulation chamber 12 has an effective inner diameter of 200 mm and an effective inner height of 250 mm. The effective diameter of the inside of the water environment simulation cavity 11 is 200 mm, and the effective height of the inside is 750 mm.
More specifically, the sensing device 3 includes several temperature sensors 31, several resistivity sensors 32, and several pressure sensors 33; wherein:
the temperature sensors 31 are uniformly arranged in the water environment and the deposition environment, and the output ends of the temperature sensors are electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system 2;
the resistivity sensors 32 are uniformly arranged in the deposition environment, and the output ends of the resistivity sensors are electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system 2;
the pressure sensor 33 is arranged in the water environment simulation cavity 11, and the output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition and processing system 2.
In the specific implementation process, the temperature sensor 31 and the resistivity sensor 32 are uniformly arranged in the sedimentary deposit in a layered mode, and the purposes of changing the chemical environment of pore water in the sedimentary deposit, changing the phase state of fluid and the like are inverted by monitoring the temperature field and the resistivity field of the sedimentary deposit in the research process in real time.
More specifically, the temperature control device 4 comprises a water environment temperature control water bath device 41 and a deposition environment temperature control water bath device 42; wherein:
the water environment temperature control water bath device 41 is wrapped on the outer wall of the water environment simulation cavity 11, and the control end of the water environment temperature control water bath device is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system 2;
the deposition environment temperature control water bath device 42 is wrapped on the outer wall of the deposition environment simulation cavity 12, and the control end of the deposition environment temperature control water bath device is electrically connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing system 2.
In the specific implementation process, the purpose of temperature in-situ simulation of the sedimentary layer environment and the water environment is achieved through the two separated temperature control devices 4. The temperature monitoring in the simulation cavity is realized by installing a plurality of temperature sensors 31 at different levels of the sedimentary layer environment and the water environment. The simulation cavity 1 can realize the temperature control requirement by a separated large-scale water bath system, an outer-coated low-temperature water jacket, a low-temperature air bath and other modes. Because the simulation cavity 1 is high in height, the water bath system arranged outside the simulation cavity can be set to move up and down and the like in order to conveniently realize the simulation of the temperature environment.
In the specific implementation process, the deep deposition layer and the seawater layer are pressurized through the gas pressurization system 62 and the liquid injection system 63, the constant pressure control module 9 composed of the flow controller 91 and the backpressure valve 92 is arranged at the top of the seawater environment simulation layer, the pressure sensor 33 is arranged in the deep seawater environment simulation cavity to monitor and control the pressure change in the simulation cavity 1 in real time, and the purpose of performing in-situ simulation on the pressure environment in the deep seawater simulation cavity is achieved. In the embodiment, 4 layers of temperature sensors 31 are arranged at different layers of the water environment, so that the temperature in the water environment simulation cavity 11 is monitored. 3 layers of temperature sensors 31 are uniformly distributed on the deposition layer, the temperature sensors 31 of each layer are uniformly distributed according to 4-4 arrangement, and 16 temperature sensors are distributed on each layer. The simulation chamber 1 of this example was placed in a separate large water bath system to achieve the temperature control requirements. In order to realize the respective control of the temperature of the deposition environment and the water environment, different water bath systems are provided, and the water bath device 41 for controlling the temperature of the water environment and the water bath device 42 for controlling the temperature of the deposition environment are respectively arranged from top to bottom.
More specifically, the camera device 5 adopts a mobile camera device, and comprises a camera 51, a closed cavity 52, a traction piece 53, a limiting locking piece 54 and an operating handle 55; wherein:
the closed cavity 52 is arranged in the water environment simulation cavity 11;
the camera 51 is arranged in the closed cavity 52 through the traction piece 53 and is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing system 2;
the limiting locking piece 54 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the closed cavity 52, and the traction piece 53 is fixedly connected with the operating handle 55 through the limiting locking piece 54;
a plurality of clamping teeth are uniformly arranged on the traction piece 53, and a clamping piece for clamping the clamping teeth is arranged on the limiting locking piece 54;
the operating handle 55 is provided with a button for controlling the expansion and contraction of the card.
More specifically, the closed cavity 52 is an elongated transparent cavity.
In the specific implementation process, when a researcher needs to observe through the camera device 5, the researcher can press the button on the operating handle 55, and at the moment, the card is retracted into the limiting locking piece 54, so that the locking relation between the latch and the card is released; the position of the camera 51 is selected by operating the handle 55 and the traction piece 53, and after the position is determined, the button is released, the latch and the card are locked again, and then the moving process of the camera device 5 is completed.
In the specific implementation process, in order to realize the long-period real-time observation of the change process of the overlying water environment system, the movable camera device 5 for multi-angle observation is designed, and the method mainly comprises internal moving observation and external fixed observation. The internal mobile observation is that a closed long and thin transparent cavity is arranged in the water environment simulation cavity 11, the camera device 5 is arranged in the cavity, and the cavity can stretch up and down, so that all-dimensional observation of each water layer of the water environment system is realized in the internal part in the process of meeting the change of environmental conditions. Meanwhile, a plurality of pressure-resistant observation windows 13 are arranged on the outer wall of the simulation cavity 1, a high-definition camera device can be arranged outside the observation windows, and the water environment in the simulation cavity 1 is observed in real time in a high-definition mode from the outside.
More specifically, the gas-liquid injection device 6 comprises a seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system 61, a gas pressurization system 62 and a liquid injection system 63; wherein:
the seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system 61 is arranged on the water environment simulation cavity 11, and chemical condition simulation in a deep sea water environment is realized by injecting chemical fluids with different components and different concentrations into different ranges of different side walls;
the gas pressurization system 62 and the liquid injection system 63 are both arranged on the deposition environment simulation cavity 12, and are used for injecting gas or liquid into the deposition environment to realize pressurization of the deposition environment.
In the specific implementation process, the deep sediment layer and the seawater layer are pressurized through the gas and liquid injection system, the constant-pressure control system is arranged at the top of the seawater environment simulation layer, and the pressure change in the simulation cavity is monitored, regulated and controlled in real time by combining with an intraocular sensor arranged in the simulation cavity, so that the purpose of in-situ simulation of the pressure environment in the deep seawater simulation cavity is achieved.
In the specific implementation process, a plurality of fluid injection interfaces are arranged at different levels of the water environment simulation cavity 11, and in the simulation process, through the seawater reagent dynamic telescopic injection system 61, chemical fluids with different components and different concentrations are injected into points in different ranges from the side wall, so that the simulation of chemical conditions in the deep sea water environment is realized.
More specifically, the data acquisition and processing system 2 includes a data acquisition unit 21, a data central processing unit 22 and an interaction device 23; wherein:
the input end of the data acquisition unit 21 is electrically connected with the output ends of the sensing device 3 and the camera device 5;
the output end of the data acquisition unit 21 is electrically connected with the input end of the data central processing unit 22;
the output end of the data central processing unit 22 is electrically connected with the control end of the temperature control device 4, the control end of the camera device 5, the control end of the gas-liquid injection device 6 and the control end of the valve 71;
the interaction device 23 is electrically connected with the data central processing unit 22 to realize information interaction.
In the specific implementation process, the data acquisition and processing system 2 according to the scheme comprises a data acquisition unit 21, a data central processing unit 22, an interactive device 23 (a computer) and the like, and the functions of real-time acquisition, processing, storage, image output and the like of various environmental information changes of sedimentary layer and water layer environments in the simulation process are realized.
More specifically, a plurality of sidewall fluid injection channels 121 are disposed on the sidewall of the deposition environment simulation chamber 12; a plurality of bottom fluid injection channels 122 are provided at the bottom of the deposition environment simulation chamber 12.
In the specific implementation process, a plurality of axial and annular fluid injection channels are arranged in the deposition environment simulation cavity 12, and the chemical environment simulation of the pore water of the deposition layer in the experimental process is realized by quantitatively injecting the pore fluid with the components and the concentration being in vertical distribution with the pore water of the deposition layer in the actual environment. Through the arrangement of the fluid injection channel, the process that the methane-containing fluid and the like leaked in the exploitation or release process of hydrocarbon energy sources such as natural gas, combustible ice and the like in deep sea under natural and thought disturbance conditions enter the deposition environment in different migration modes is realized.
The system is also provided with a safety guarantee module 8 which is mainly used for early warning and forecasting the leakage of inflammable substances such as methane and the like in the environment simulation process and guaranteeing the environmental safety around the simulation process. Valves 71 are provided in the fluid control passages.
Example 2
More specifically, on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 5, an implementation method of an in-situ simulation system for a multi-interface environment on deep-sea combustible ice includes the following steps:
s1: according to the geological exploration result of the simulated land, silty muddy sediment is filled in the sediment environment simulation cavity 12, and seawater with the salinity power of 3.5 percent which is consistent with or close to the actual environment is filled in the water environment simulation cavity 11;
s2: gas and liquid are injected into the cavity of the gas-liquid injection device 6, so that the pressure in the simulation cavity 1 reaches the pressure environment of a simulation area with the water depth of 1200 meters, namely 12 MPa;
s3: according to actual exploration data, 0.05mol/L sulfate solution and 0.01mol/L calcium chloride solution are injected through the side wall fluid injection channel 121, so that the simulation of the pore water chemical condition of the deposition environment simulation cavity 12 is realized; injecting 0.01L/min methane gas through the bottom fluid injection channel 122, monitoring the migration and conversion characteristics of the methane gas in the sedimentary deposit and seawater environment simulation cavity 1, and completing the construction of the in-situ simulation environment;
s4: in the process of researching the migration of methane gas, the pressure condition in the simulation cavity 1 is monitored in real time through the sensing device 3, and a constant pressure system at the top is controlled to be in a constant pressure state of 12 MPa; monitoring the temperature and resistivity changes in the water environment simulation cavity 11 and the deposition environment simulation cavity 12, and transmitting the acquired information to the data acquisition and processing system 2; in the simulation process, sampling is carried out in the simulation cavity 1 through the sampling port 7 regularly, and the change condition of components and the change of pH value in the simulation cavity 1 are analyzed through the sample;
s5: saturated oxygen-containing water is injected into the water environment through the gas-liquid injection device 6, dissolved oxygen change of the water environment is adjusted, meanwhile, the migration process of methane-containing fluid in the water environment is recorded through the camera device 5 and is processed by the data acquisition and processing system 5, quantitative measurement and research on the number and size of methane bubbles and the dynamic change process of the methane bubbles are achieved, and the formation condition of a hydrate shell outside the methane bubbles is observed.
In the specific implementation process, the change condition of components in the simulated environment is analyzed by analysis methods such as gas chromatography, ion chromatography and the like, and the change condition of acid and alkali in the system is monitored.
In the specific implementation process, the method for implementing the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system mainly comprises the steps of carrying out in-situ environment construction on a deep sea sedimentary layer and a deep sea water environment in a deep sea environment simulation cavity 1, filling sediments or artificial porous media which are close to or even consistent with the actual environment in a sedimentary layer simulation cavity 12 according to the actual geological exploration result, and filling in-situ actual seawater which is close to or even consistent with the actual environment or artificially configured seawater which is close to the actual condition in a water environment simulation cavity 11. The pressure environment in the deep sea environment simulation cavity 1 is consistent with or close to the actual situation through gas pressurization or liquid pressurization. And then according to actual exploration data, injecting fluid with the components and the concentration consistent with the actual environment into the axial or annular injection port of the sedimentary deposit to realize the simulation of the chemical environment condition of the in-situ pore water in the sedimentary deposit simulation cavity 1. Then injecting methane or other hydrocarbon-containing gas with different fluxes through gas injection ports arranged at the bottom or the side wall of the sediment layer, and monitoring the migration and conversion characteristics of the hydrocarbon gas in the sediment layer and the seawater environment simulation cavity 1. According to actual needs, the gas injection can be single-point injection or multi-point combined injection. The temperature, pressure and resistivity changes distributed in the sedimentary deposit and water environment are monitored and analyzed in real time in the whole process of the migration change of the hydrocarbon gas, and the component change conditions in the environment can be simulated through real-time sampling analysis at the sampling ports 7 of the sedimentary deposit and the water layer. And injecting fluid with required concentration and components into the water environment in a directional way through the movable dynamic telescopic fluid injection system 61 in the experimental process according to the research requirement. In the simulation process, the migration process of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, the phase change process of the hydrocarbon gas, the environment change condition and the like in the water environment are shot in real time through the built-in mobile camera device 5, the observation window 13 and the external high-definition camera device system, and the shot images are quantitatively processed through the software processing system. In the whole simulation process, the safety guarantee module 8 is used for carrying out real-time monitoring, forecasting and early warning on the high-pressure condition and combustible gas leakage in the simulation environment, so that safety accidents are prevented.
In the specific implementation process, the deep sea water environment in-situ simulation system and the implementation method thereof can realize in-situ geological layered construction of deep sea sedimentary layers and deep water environments, really invert the in-situ geological, physical and chemical environments of the deep sea system, and can realize the migration and transformation process that methane-containing fluid and the like leaked in the process of exploiting or releasing hydrocarbon energy sources such as deep sea natural gas, combustible ice and the like enter the deep water environments under the condition of natural or artificial disturbance and the process that the combustible ice on the deep sea shallow layers is decomposed to enter overlying water environments under the natural condition changes such as climate change and the like. By reconstructing the in-situ temperature, pressure and chemical environmental conditions of a deposition layer and a seawater layer and simulating the processes of physical migration and chemical conversion of methane entering a deep water environment, the invention can realize the migration behavior simulation of methane-containing fluid and the like in different modes such as diffusion, dissolution, bubble migration, airflow migration and the like in a deep water environment medium, the behavior simulation of chemical conversion by forming hydrate or under the mediation of microorganisms, the real-time data acquisition, processing, image output and storage, and the safety monitoring of the surrounding environment in the whole evolution process. The invention can realize the directional condition control of the simulation process to directionally change geological, physical and chemical environmental conditions, and realize the function of simulating different sea area environmental conditions in a time-to-space mode.
Compared with the existing observation of the deep sea water environment in the modes of a landing device, a buoy seabed base observation system, a seabed observation network and the like, the deep sea water environment simulation system and the realization method remarkably reduce research and development cost, make up the defect that most of the observation modes can only observe the condition above a seabed interface and are difficult to realize the collaborative simulation research on the seawater environment change and the sediment layer environment change; the experimental period can be effectively shortened by controlling the directional conditions, and the rule can be searched by repeated tests; by means of directional condition change and the time-space-changing principle, simulation of deep sea water environment systems in different regions is achieved; means for improving field observation and the like are difficult to observe only a region having a single point.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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