CN112961304A - Method for preparing polyurethane foam capable of rapidly settling in water - Google Patents
Method for preparing polyurethane foam capable of rapidly settling in water Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4072—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
- C08G18/4812—Mixtures of polyetherdiols with polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing polyurethane foam capable of rapidly settling in water, and relates to the technical field of preparation of high polymer materials. The method comprises the following steps: (1) taking 40-80 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 5-30 parts by weight of polyether polyol B, 5-20 parts by weight of polyether polyol C and 0-20 parts by weight of polymer polyol D, and uniformly stirring; (2) adding 1-6 parts by weight of water, 0.05-3 parts by weight of catalyst, 0.1-2 parts by weight of foam stabilizer and 0-50 parts by weight of filler into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring; (3) and (3) adding 30-70 parts by weight of isocyanate E into the mixture obtained in the step (2), stirring, foaming and curing to obtain the polyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam prepared by the method has strong water absorption and retention capacity, can quickly sink to the water bottom and can be repeatedly used in water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high polymer materials, in particular to a method for preparing polyurethane foam capable of rapidly settling in water.
Background
The polyurethane is obtained by the mutual reaction of binary or polybasic organic isocyanate and a polyalcohol compound. Because of the difference of the functionality of the raw materials, the polyurethane product can be made into high molecular polymers with linear or body-type structures. The diversification of the polymer structure of the polyurethane polymer can make the polyurethane polymer be used for manufacturing products such as plastics, rubber, fibers, coatings, adhesives and the like. In recent decades, the polyurethane industry has been rapidly developed, and a series of polyurethane products with different properties are prepared by various combinations of polyols and isocyanates, and particularly, the development in the field of polyurethane foam is rapid.
With the development requirement of society, new requirements are provided for polyurethane foam materials, and the foam is required to have strong water absorption and water retention capacity in the hydrophilic field; in the field of filter cotton, the foam is required to have larger pore diameter and extremely high aperture ratio. In environmental protection and environmental control, some polyurethane materials are used, and polyurethane foam has the advantages of good adsorption effect, easy desorption, repeated use and the like, and can be used as an adsorbent or a carrier for sewage control and other technologies in the field of environmental protection. The polyurethane foam block carrier is listed as a new material polyurethane foam block carrier for biological wastewater treatment by the United states environmental protection agency, the density is less than that of water, the filler is porous, and microorganisms grow on the surface and inside of the filler, so that the polyurethane foam block carrier can independently operate mainly by a biofilm method and can also be added into an activated sludge treatment tank to improve the treatment efficiency.
In the prior art, a water absorption auxiliary agent is added into polyurethane foam which can be rapidly settled in water, so that the polyurethane foam can not be reused; in addition, the preparation method of preparing prepolymer first and then foaming is adopted, which is complicated and has high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing polyurethane foam capable of rapidly settling in water, which does not need to add any water absorption auxiliary agent, and the prepared polyurethane foam has strong water absorption and retention capacity, can rapidly sink to the water bottom and can be repeatedly used in water; adopts one-step foaming, and has simple and safe operation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the polyurethane flexible foam material in water treatment carriers.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A method of preparing a polyurethane foam that rapidly settles in water, comprising the steps of:
(1) taking 40-80 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 5-30 parts by weight of polyether polyol B, 5-20 parts by weight of polyether polyol C and 0-20 parts by weight of polymer polyol D, and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 20-30 ℃;
(2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, adding 1-6 parts by weight of water, 0.05-3 parts by weight of catalyst, 0.1-2 parts by weight of foam stabilizer and 0-50 parts by weight of filler into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring;
(3) and (3) adding 30-70 parts by weight of isocyanate E into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, stirring, foaming and curing to obtain the polyurethane foam.
In the invention, the polyether polyol A is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolyether with the functionality of 3, the number average molecular weight of 3000-6000 and the ethylene oxide mass percentage content of 40-80 percent; the polyether polyol B is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolyether with the functionality of 2, the number average molecular weight of 1000-4000 and the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 5-15 percent; the polyether polyol C is ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether with the functionality of 4-8, the number average molecular weight of 1000-3000 and the ethylene oxide mass percentage content of 30-70 percent; the polymer polyol D is formed by graft copolymerization of the polyether polyol A, styrene and acrylonitrile under the action of an initiator, the solid content is 25-40%, and the mass ratio of the acrylonitrile to the styrene is 1-2: 1.
In the invention, the catalyst is one or a mixture of more than two of A-1, A-33, triethylene diamine, N-methylmorpholine, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine and hexamethylenetetramine.
In the invention, the foam stabilizer is one or a mixture of more than two of polyether modified organosilicon surfactants, fatty alcohol surfactants, silicone surfactants, alkylolamide surfactants and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether surfactants.
In the invention, the foam stabilizer is polyether modified organosilicon surfactant.
In the invention, the foam stabilizer is one or a mixture of more than two of L580 of American Meiji corporation, B8285 of winning and creating corporation and DC5810 of air chemical product corporation.
In the invention, the filler is one or a mixture of more than two of calcium carbonate, kaolin, talcum powder, titanium dioxide, barite powder, barium sulfate, gypsum powder, glass fiber and carbon black.
In the present invention, the isocyanate E is one or a mixture of two or more of toluene diisocyanate (abbreviated as TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (abbreviated as MDI), and modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
In the present invention, the isocyanate E is a mixture of one or more of TDI-80 from Cangzhou university group, T-80 from Mitsui chemical, Wannate8019 from Wanhua chemical group, and Wannate 8122B.
The invention also provides application of the polyurethane foam prepared by the method in preparation of hydrophilic and water-absorbing foams and water treatment carriers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the hydrophilic ethylene oxide chain segment is introduced into the polyether chain, so that the polyurethane foam has strong water absorption and water retention capacity, and the foam has good physical strength, good toughness and good resilience, and can be repeatedly used.
(2) The opening rate of the polyurethane soft foam material prepared by the invention is more than 98%, the foam holes are fine and uniform, and the polyurethane soft foam material can naturally absorb water and settle within 2-5s in water without adding other water absorption additives.
(3) The invention does not need to prepare prepolymer and then foam, can use the traditional one-step foaming process, has simple, safe and environment-friendly operation, and the prepared polyurethane flexible foam material is very suitable for a carrier in water treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the practice of the invention.
Sources of reagents used in the present invention:
the catalyst A-33 is an amine catalyst, the manufacturer is American mezzanine drawing company, and the catalyst A-33 is a liquid containing 33% (mass percentage) of triethylene diamine; the catalyst A-1 is an amine catalyst, and the manufacturer is Shangjiang Su Jack science and technology Co., Ltd, and is a dipropylene glycol solution of bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether with a mass percentage of 70%.
Foam stabilizer L580 was purchased from Meiji corporation, B8285 from Yingchuang corporation, and DC5810 from air chemical.
Example 1
The polyurethane flexible foam material 1 is prepared by the following method:
(1) taking 60 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 25 parts by weight of polyether polyol B, 10 parts by weight of polyether polyol C and 5 parts by weight of polymer polyol D, and fully and uniformly stirring at 25 ℃;
(2) adding 3 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of catalyst A-1, 0.3 part by weight of catalyst A-33 and 1 part by weight of foam stabilizer L580 into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 25 ℃, and fully and uniformly stirring;
(3) adding 50 parts by weight of modified MDI (Wannate8019 available from Wanhua chemical) into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 25 ℃, stirring at a high speed for 3-5s, pouring into a mould for free foaming, and curing for 24 hours to obtain the polyurethane flexible foam material 1.
Wherein the polyether polyol A is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through addition polymerization, is epoxypropane and epoxyethane random copolyether with the weight percentage of epoxyethane of 40 percent and the number average molecular weight of 5000, and has the functionality of 3; the polyether polyol B is prepared by taking propylene glycol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolyether with the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 15 percent and the number average molecular weight of 2000, and has the functionality of 2; the polyether polyol C is prepared by taking sorbitol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolyether with the mass percentage of ethylene oxide of 65 percent and the number average molecular weight of 1000, and has the functionality of 6. The polymer polyol D is prepared by taking the polyether polyol A in the embodiment as a basic polyether and grafting and copolymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile under the action of an initiator, wherein the solid content is 35%, and the mass ratio of the acrylonitrile to the styrene is 2: 1.
Example 2
The polyurethane flexible foam material 2 is prepared by the following method:
(1) taking 65 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 15 parts by weight of polyether polyol B, 5 parts by weight of polyether polyol C and 15 parts by weight of polymer polyol D, and fully and uniformly stirring at 22 ℃;
(2) adding 3.8 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of catalyst A-1, 0.5 part by weight of catalyst A-33, 1.2 parts by weight of foam stabilizer L580 and 30 parts by weight of calcium carbonate into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 22 ℃, and fully and uniformly stirring;
(3) adding 60 parts by weight of modified MDI (Wannate8122B, available from Wanta chemical Co., Ltd.) into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at 22 ℃, stirring at a high speed for 3-5s, pouring into a mold for free foaming, and curing for 24 hours to obtain the polyurethane flexible foam material 2.
Wherein the polyether polyol A is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide/ethylene oxide random copolyether with the mass percentage of ethylene oxide of 50 percent and the number average molecular weight of 4000, and has the functionality of 3; the polyether polyol B is prepared by taking propylene glycol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolyether with 5 mass percent of ethylene oxide and 1500 number average molecular weight, and has the functionality of 2; the polyether polyol C is prepared by taking sorbitol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random copolyether with the mass percentage of ethylene oxide of 45 percent and the number average molecular weight of 1500, and has the functionality of 6. The polymer polyol D is prepared by graft copolymerization of the polyether polyol A as basic polyether and styrene and acrylonitrile under the action of an initiator, the solid content is 30%, and the mass ratio of the acrylonitrile to the styrene is 1: 1.
Example 3
The polyurethane flexible foam material 3 is prepared by the following method:
(1) taking 65 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 25 parts by weight of polyether polyol B and 10 parts by weight of polyether polyol C, and fully and uniformly stirring at 26 ℃;
(2) adding 3.2 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of catalyst A-1, 0.5 part by weight of catalyst A-33 and 1.0 part by weight of foam stabilizer B8285 into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1) at 26 ℃, and fully and uniformly stirring;
(3) 15 parts by weight of T-80 (toluene diisocyanate, available from Mitsui chemical, Japan) and 40 parts by weight of Wannate8019 (available from Wanhua chemical, modified MDI) were added to the mixture obtained in step (2) at 26 ℃, stirred at a high speed for 3 to 5 seconds, poured into a mold, allowed to foam freely, and cured for 24 hours to obtain a polyurethane flexible foam material 3.
Wherein the polyether polyol A is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide/ethylene oxide random copolyether with ethylene oxide mass percentage of 70 percent and number average molecular weight of 4800, and has functionality of 3; the polyether polyol B is prepared by taking diethylene glycol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolyether with the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 5 percent and the number average molecular weight of 3800, and has the functionality of 2; the polyether polyol C is prepared by taking sorbitol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is a random copolyether of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with the mass percentage of 30 percent and the number average molecular weight of 2900, and has the functionality of 6.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the comparative polyurethane flexible foam material 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) polyether polyol A70, polyether polyol B25 and polyether polyol C15 in parts by weight are uniformly mixed, vacuum dehydration is carried out at 120 ℃ for 2 hours, and water content is monitored. When the mass percentage of water in the mixture is less than or equal to 0.08 percent, cooling to 50 ℃, adding diisocyanate D, heating to 75 ℃, and uniformly stirring for 4 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain the prepolymer with the mass percentage of isocyanate group of 5 percent.
(2) Cooling the prepolymer to 30 ℃, adding 0.5 weight part of catalyst and 1.5 weight parts of foam stabilizer, and stirring uniformly for later use.
(3) And (3) quickly adding 10 parts by weight of polyacrylamide particles with the particle size of 150 mu m and 10 parts by weight of deionized water into 100 parts of the material obtained in the step (2), stirring at a high speed, quickly pouring the material into a prepared mould after the material is slightly whitened, filling the mould with foam, standing for 10min, then putting the mould into an oven with the temperature of 80 ℃ for curing for 2h, cooling and demoulding to obtain the comparative polyurethane soft foam material 1.
Wherein the polyether polyol A is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide/ethylene oxide random copolyether with the mass percentage of ethylene oxide of 45 percent and the number average molecular weight of 6000, and has the functionality of 3; the polyether polyol B is prepared by taking propylene glycol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolyether with the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 90 percent and the number average molecular weight of 1500, and has the functionality of 2; the polyether polyol C is prepared by taking sorbitol as an initiator through addition polymerization, and is ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolyether with the mass percentage of 50% of ethylene oxide and the number average molecular weight of 10000. Diisocyanate D is Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI). The foam stabilizer is DC-5810 of American air chemical products Co. The catalyst was A-33.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the comparative polyurethane flexible foam material 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 65 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 25 parts by weight of polyether polyol B and 10 parts by weight of polyether polyol C, and fully and uniformly stirring at 26 ℃;
(2) adding 3.2 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of catalyst A-1, 0.5 part by weight of catalyst A-33 and 1.0 part by weight of foam stabilizer B8285 into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1) at 26 ℃, and fully and uniformly stirring;
(3) 15 parts by weight of T-80 (toluene diisocyanate, available from Mitsui chemical, Japan) and 40 parts by weight of Wannate8019 (available from Wanhua chemical, modified MDI) were added to the mixture obtained in step (2) at 26 ℃ and stirred at a high speed for 3 to 5 seconds, and then poured into a mold to be freely foamed, followed by aging for 24 hours, to obtain comparative polyurethane flexible foam 2.
Wherein the polyether polyol A is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide/ethylene oxide random copolyether with the mass percentage of ethylene oxide of 45 percent and the number average molecular weight of 6000, and has the functionality of 3; the polyether polyol B is prepared by taking propylene glycol as an initiator through addition polymerization, is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolyether with the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 90 percent and the number average molecular weight of 1500, and has the functionality of 2; the polyether polyol C is prepared by taking sorbitol as an initiator through addition polymerization, and is ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolyether with the mass percentage of 50% of ethylene oxide and the number average molecular weight of 10000.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the comparative polyurethane flexible foam material 3 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polyether polyol a60 parts by weight, polyether polyol b30 parts by weight and polyether polyol c10 parts by weight are uniformly mixed, vacuum dehydration is carried out at 120 ℃ for 2 hours, and the moisture is monitored. When the mass percentage of water in the mixture is less than or equal to 0.08 percent, cooling to 40 ℃, adding 30 parts by weight of diisocyanate d, heating to 75 ℃, and uniformly stirring for 3 hours at 75 ℃; then, the material was cooled to 35 ℃, 0.6 part by weight of catalyst and 1 part by weight of foam stabilizer were added, and stirred uniformly for use.
Step two: and (2) quickly adding 6 parts by weight of a mixture of polyacrylamide particles and potassium polyacrylate particles (the particle size is 200 mu m) in a mass ratio of 3:1 and 30 parts by weight of deionized water into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the first step, stirring at a high speed, quickly pouring the mixture into a prepared mould after the material is slightly whitened, filling the mould with foam, standing for 20min, then putting the mixture into a60 ℃ oven for curing for 1.5h, cooling and demoulding to obtain the comparative polyurethane soft foam material 3.
Wherein the polyether polyol a is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through polyaddition reaction, and is propylene oxide polyether with the number average molecular weight of 5000; the polyether polyol b is prepared by taking glycerin as an initiator through polyaddition reaction, and is ethylene oxide polyether with the number average molecular weight of 5000; polyether polyol c is 1,4 butanediol. Diisocyanate d is Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI). The foam stabilizer was L580 from Meiji corporation, USA. The catalyst is prepared by mixing A-330.3 parts by weight, 0.2 part by weight of ethylenediamine and 0.1 part by weight of N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.
The properties of the polyurethane flexible foam materials 1, 2, 3 (examples 1 to 3) and the comparative polyurethane flexible foam material were compared.
(1) The comparison method comprises the following steps: the density, water absorption, water retention, mechanical properties (elongation at break, tear strength) and settling time in water of each polyurethane flexible foam material are shown in table 1. The detection method of each parameter is as follows:
the foam density was determined according to GB/T6343-2009.
The mechanical properties were determined according to GB/T6344-2008.
And (3) water absorption measurement: firstly, placing each polyurethane soft foam material with the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 100 ℃ for drying for 6h, accurately weighing the mass of the polyurethane soft foam material by an electronic balance, then placing the polyurethane soft foam material in a bucket, submerging the polyurethane soft foam material for 30min by water, taking out the polyurethane soft foam material after absorbing enough water, absorbing the surface water by filter paper, weighing the mass of the polyurethane soft foam material, and calculating the water absorption rate according to the following formula.
Water absorption rate (mass after water absorption-dry mass before water absorption)/dry mass before water absorption 100%.
And (3) water retention determination: firstly, placing each polyurethane soft foam material with the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 100 ℃ for drying for 6h, accurately weighing the mass of the polyurethane soft foam material by an electronic balance, then placing the polyurethane soft foam material in a bucket, submerging the polyurethane soft foam material for 30min by water, taking out the polyurethane soft foam material after absorbing enough water, absorbing surface water by filter paper, placing the polyurethane soft foam material on a glass plate with an included angle of 30 degrees with a horizontal plane for standing for 30min, absorbing surface water by the filter paper, weighing the mass of the polyurethane soft foam material, and calculating the water retention.
The water retention rate is the mass of water retained in the flexible foam material/the dry mass of the flexible foam material before water absorption 100%.
And (3) determining the settling time in water: the polyurethane soft foam materials with the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm are placed in a vacuum drying box with the temperature of 100 ℃ for drying for 6h, the mass of each polyurethane soft foam material is accurately weighed by an electronic balance, then the polyurethane soft foam materials are placed in a transparent bucket with the depth of 500mm and timing is started, and when each polyurethane soft foam material sinks into the bottom of the bucket, the timing is stopped, and the settling time in water is measured.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties of the polyurethane Flexible foam materials
From Table 1, it can be seen that the polyurethane flexible foam material prepared by the method of the present invention has low density, can sink to the water bottom in a short time, and has good physical properties and strong water absorption and retention capacity. The preparation method of the polyurethane soft foam material is simple to operate, prepolymer does not need to be made first, foaming is directly carried out in a one-step method, and a water absorbing material does not need to be added.
(2) Comparison of the performances of the polyurethane soft foam materials after repeated use
Placing the polyurethane soft foam materials with the sizes of 100mm multiplied by 50mm in a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 100 ℃ for drying for 6h, accurately weighing the mass of the polyurethane soft foam materials by an electronic balance, and treating by adopting water: soaking in water in a bucket for 30min, sucking water, taking out, squeezing, and oven drying at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. The properties of each of the polyurethane foam materials after repeated use were examined by the methods described under the heading (1) after treating with water 20 times in the same manner as described above, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the properties of the polyurethane flexible foam materials after repeated use
From table 2, it can be seen that the polyurethane flexible foam material obtained by the method of the present invention has little change in various properties after repeated use, but the foam added with the water absorbing material has decreased water absorption and water retention because the water absorbing material cannot separate water by squeezing after absorbing water, and the physical properties decrease rapidly due to factors such as swelling of the water absorbing material after soaking, and the settling time in water increases.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a polyurethane foam that rapidly settles in water, comprising the steps of:
(1) taking 40-80 parts by weight of polyether polyol A, 5-30 parts by weight of polyether polyol B, 5-20 parts by weight of polyether polyol C and 0-20 parts by weight of polymer polyol D, and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 20-30 ℃;
(2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, adding 1-6 parts by weight of water, 0.05-3 parts by weight of catalyst, 0.1-2 parts by weight of foam stabilizer and 0-50 parts by weight of filler into 100 parts by weight of the material obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring;
(3) and (3) adding 30-70 parts by weight of isocyanate E into the mixture obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, stirring, foaming and curing to obtain the polyurethane foam.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol A is a propylene oxide ethylene oxide copolyether having a functionality of 3, a number average molecular weight of 3000-6000 and an ethylene oxide content of 40-80% by mass; the polyether polyol B is propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolyether with the functionality of 2, the number average molecular weight of 1000-4000 and the ethylene oxide mass percentage of 5-15 percent; the polyether polyol C is ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether with the functionality of 4-8, the number average molecular weight of 1000-3000 and the ethylene oxide mass percentage content of 30-70 percent; the polymer polyol D is formed by graft copolymerization of the polyether polyol A, styrene and acrylonitrile under the action of an initiator, the solid content is 25-40%, and the mass ratio of the acrylonitrile to the styrene is 1-2: 1.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the catalyst is one or a mixture of two or more of A-1, A-33, triethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, and hexamethylenetetramine.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the foam stabilizer is a mixture of one or more of polyether modified silicone surfactants, fatty alcohol surfactants, silicone surfactants, alkylolamide surfactants, and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether surfactants.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the foam stabilizer is a polyether modified silicone based surfactant.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the foam stabilizer is one or a mixture of two or more of L580 from Meiji corporation, B8285 from winning corporation, and DC5810 from air chemical company.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the filler is one or a mixture of two or more of calcium carbonate, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, barite powder, barium sulfate, gypsum powder, glass fiber, and carbon black.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the isocyanate E is one or a mixture of two or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the isocyanate E is one or a mixture of two or more of TDI-80 from cangzhou university group ltd, T-80 from japan mitsui chemical, Wannate8019 and Wannate8122B from wanhua chemical group ltd.
10. Use of the polyurethane foam prepared by the process of any of claims 1 to 9 for the preparation of hydrophilic, water-absorbing foams and water-treating carriers.
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