CN112952384B - Antenna assembly and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

This application discloses an antenna assembly and electronic equipment, belonging to the field of antenna technology. The antenna assembly includes: a mainboard; a base, the base is an insulating member, the base is located on one side of the mainboard, and the base is spaced apart from the mainboard; first Radiator, the first radiator is arranged on the base; the second radiator, the second radiator is arranged on the base, the first radiator and the second radiator are arranged at intervals and coupled, the second radiator is connected to the main board. The ground terminal is connected; the feed structure is electrically connected to the first radiator, and the feed structure is arranged on the main board. In the antenna assembly, there is no need for adjustable components in the antenna assembly, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. It can effectively optimize the impedance characteristics at the transition resonance frequency of the first radiator and the second radiator, expand the bandwidth, and increase the frequency band coverage of the antenna. Improve antenna performance.

Description

Antenna components and electronic equipment

Technical field

This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and specifically relates to antenna components and electronic equipment.

Background technique

With the development of fifth-generation mobile communications, 5G mobile terminals require more and more antennas and antenna frequency bands. However, the design space of the antennas on the terminals remains basically unchanged. The design space that each antenna can occupy is relatively larger and larger. are becoming smaller and smaller, and more frequency bands need to be carried. A single antenna covers a small number of frequency bands. In order to meet the need for a single antenna to support multiple frequency bands, the conventional approach is to use adjustable devices, such as tuning antenna matching through switches or variable capacitors, to achieve multi-band coverage of the antenna. Adjustable devices are often introduced into the antenna. It will cause performance loss, occupy a large space, and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. At the same time, the cost of the entire machine will also increase.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna assembly and electronic equipment to solve the problem that the antenna has a small coverage frequency band, and the introduction of adjustable components into the antenna will cause performance loss, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.

In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly, including:

motherboard;

A base, the base is an insulating member, the base is provided on one side of the main board, and the base is spaced apart from the main board;

A first radiator, the first radiator is arranged on the base;

a second radiator. The second radiator is disposed on the base. The first radiator and the second radiator are spaced apart and coupled. The second radiator is connected to the ground on the main board. terminal connection;

A feed structure, the feed structure is electrically connected to the first radiator, and the feed structure is provided on the main board.

Wherein, the orthographic projection portions of the first radiator and the second radiator on a first plane are located outside the main board, and the first plane is the plane where the main board is located.

Wherein, the base is plate-shaped, and the base is spaced apart from the main board.

Wherein, the first radiator part is located on a side of the base close to the main board, and the first radiator extends to a side of the base away from the main board.

Wherein, the first radiator includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are connected, and the first radiating arm is located on the base close to the main board. On one side of the base, the second radiating arm is located on a side of the base away from the main board, and the feed structure is electrically connected to the first radiating arm.

Wherein, the first radiating arm and/or the second radiating arm are provided with slots.

Wherein, the first radiating arm is circular, semicircular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, sector-shaped or polygonal.

Wherein, the second radiator includes a third radiating arm and a fourth radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are connected, and the third radiating arm is located on the base away from the main board. On one side of the base, the fourth radiating arm is located on the side elevation of the base, the ground end is connected to the third radiating arm, and the side elevation is away from the main board from the base. The edge of one side surface extends to the side formed by the edge of one side surface of the base close to the main board.

Wherein, the second radiating arm is coupled with the fourth radiating arm.

Wherein, the orthographic projection of the third radiating arm on the main board extends around the circumferential direction of the orthographic projection of the first radiating arm on the main board.

It also includes: a frame body, the frame body is a metal piece, the main board is arranged on the frame body, and the first radiator is coupled with the frame body.

An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the antenna assembly described in the above embodiment.

The antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a main board; a base, the base is an insulating member, the base is provided on one side of the main board, and the base is spaced apart from the main board; a first radiation The first radiator is arranged on the base; the second radiator is arranged on the base, and the first radiator is spaced apart from the second radiator. and coupling, the second radiator is connected to the ground terminal on the main board; a feed structure is electrically connected to the first radiator, and the feed structure is disposed on the main board. In the antenna assembly of the present application, the first radiator and the second radiator are provided on the main board, the feed structure is electrically connected to the first radiator, and the feed structure is provided on the On the main board, the second radiator is connected to the ground terminal on the main board. The first radiator and the second radiator are spaced apart and coupled. There is no need for adjustable components in the antenna assembly, which is beneficial to the antenna. Miniaturization can effectively optimize the impedance characteristics at the transition resonance frequency of the first radiator and the second radiator, expand the bandwidth, increase the frequency band coverage of the antenna, and improve the performance of the antenna.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly in a free view according to an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 2 is a side structural view of the antenna assembly in one embodiment of the present application (the base is not shown);

Figure 3 is a top structural view of the antenna assembly in one embodiment of the present application (the base is not shown);

Figure 4a is the return loss curve of the antenna assembly in one embodiment of the present application;

Figure 4b is the efficiency curve of the antenna assembly in one embodiment of the present application;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly in a free view according to another embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6 is a side structural view of an antenna assembly in another embodiment of the present application (the base is not shown);

Figure 7a is a return loss curve of an antenna assembly in another embodiment of the present application;

Figure 7b is an efficiency curve of an antenna assembly in another embodiment of the present application;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly from a free perspective in yet another embodiment of the present application;

Figure 9 is a side structural view of an antenna assembly in yet another embodiment of the present application (the base is not shown);

Figure 10a is a return loss curve of an antenna assembly in yet another embodiment of the present application;

Figure 10b is an efficiency curve of an antenna assembly in yet another embodiment of the present application.

Reference signs

motherboard 10;

Base 20; clear area 21;

The first radiator 30; the first radiator arm 31; the second radiator arm 32; the slot 33;

the second radiator 40; the third radiator arm 41; the fourth radiator arm 42;

Feed structure 50;

Ground terminal 51.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that embodiments of the present application can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, "and/or" in the description and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/" generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

The antenna assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 10b.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present application includes a main board 10, a base 20, a first radiator 30, a second radiator 40 and a feed structure 50. The main board 10 can be printed The circuit board and the base 20 are insulating parts. For example, the base 20 can be made of LDS material (LDS material is a modified plastic containing organic metal compounds), flexible printed circuit (FPC) material, plastic (LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER, LCP, also known as liquid crystal polymer) material or one or more combinations of low temperature co-fired ceramic (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic, LTCC) material, where the FPC material is made of polyimide or polyester Film is the main substrate. The base 20 is disposed on one side of the mainboard 10 , and is spaced apart from the mainboard 10 . The base 20 can be connected to one side of the mainboard 10 . The first radiator 30 is disposed on the base 20 , and the second radiator 40 is disposed on the base 20 . On the base 20, the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 can be metal parts. The base 20 and the main board 10 are spaced apart so that the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 on the base 20 are in contact with the main board. 10 intervals to reduce the influence of the mainboard 10 on the radiation performance of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40. The first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 are spaced and coupled. The second radiator 40 and the second radiator on the mainboard 10 To connect the ground terminal, a through hole can be provided on the base 20, and the second radiator 40 and the ground terminal on the mainboard 10 can be connected through a connector inserted in the through hole; the feed structure 50 is electrically connected to the first radiator 30, The feed structure 50 is disposed on the motherboard 10 . The feed structure 50 can be connected to the first radiator 30 through an electrical connection structure that passes through the through hole on the base 20 . The feed structure 50 can feed the first radiator 30 . Electricity causes the first radiator 30 to radiate signals, and the coupling between the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 can increase the frequency band of the radiation.

The second radiator 40 can be a parasitic branch, which can correspond to the lowest frequency resonance. The first radiator 30 can be a broadband monopole antenna. The first radiator 30 can have a gradient structure to construct a multi-current mode to cover the high frequency part. . The second radiator 40 also plays a tuning role in the low-frequency impedance of the first radiator 30 . In the antenna assembly of the present application, there is no need for adjustable components, and wide-band coverage of the antenna can be achieved with as small an antenna volume as possible, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna and can effectively optimize the transition resonance frequency of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 The impedance characteristics of the antenna expand the bandwidth, increase the frequency band coverage of the antenna, and improve the performance of the antenna.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 3 , the orthographic projections of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 on the first plane are located outside the main board 10 , and the first plane is the plane where the main board 10 is located. , that is, the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 partially extend out of the motherboard 10, so that the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 partially reach the clearance area 21. The specific extension length can be determined according to the actual situation. The required width of the clearance area is selected. For example, the width of the clearance area 21 in the x direction can be 1.6-2 mm, such as 1.6 mm. Increasing the clearance area is beneficial to the radiation of the antenna. The orthographic projection of part of the base 20 on the plane of the main board 10 is located outside the main board 10 and can form a clear area 21 for the antenna. The first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 can be partially routed in the clear area 21 . In Figure 3, the size of x1 is 5.8mm, the size x2 of the clearance area 21 can be 1.6mm, the size of y1 is 6.75mm, and the thickness of the base 20 in the z direction can be greater than 0.5mm, such as 1mm or 3mm, overall The size is smaller.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the wiring of the first radiator 30 may start from the inner side of the base 20 , be routed to the clearance area 21 , and be routed along the side elevation of the base 20 to the base 20 . The outer side; the wiring of the first radiator 30 can start from the outer side of the base 20, be routed to the clearance area 21, and be routed along the side elevation of the base 20 to the inner side of the base 20; the second The wiring of the radiator 40 can start from the outer side of the base 20, go to the clear area 21, and run along the side elevation of the base 20. The end of the wiring can be located in the clear area 21, which is conducive to radiation. Extending the wiring of the radiator along the side of the base is conducive to reducing space occupation and the size of the antenna. The wiring part is located in the clear area 21, which is conducive to improving radiation performance. The clear area 21 may be the area formed by the orthographic projection of the side elevation of the base 20 (or the wiring of the first radiator 30 on the side elevation of the base 20 ) on the plane where the main board 10 is located and the edge of the main board 10 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the base 20 is plate-shaped, and the base 20 is spaced apart from the main board 10 . The base 20 and the main board 10 may be parallel. The thickness of the base 20 is 0.5mm-1mm. The vertical distance between the inner side of the base 20 (the side close to the mainboard 10) and the mainboard 10 can be greater than 1.5mm. Optionally, the vertical distance between the inner side of the base 20 and the mainboard 10 The distance may be no less than 2 mm, such as 2 mm, to reduce the impact of the motherboard 10 on the radiation performance of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 .

In some embodiments, the first radiator 30 may be a gradient structure, such as a circle, an ellipse, a sector, a polygon (such as a trapezoid, an equilateral polygon), or an overlapping combination or fine-tuning modified graphic of the above graphic structures, so that A multi-current mode is constructed to cover the high-frequency part and enhance the radiation performance.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiator 30 is partially located on a side of the base 20 close to the main board 10 , and the first radiator 30 extends to a side of the base 20 away from the main board 10 (that is, the base 20 ), the first radiator 30 extends on the upper side (the outer side of the base 20 ) and the lower side (the inner side of the base 20 ) of the base 20 , which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the first radiator 30 , Reduce the space occupied.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiator 30 includes a first radiating arm 31 and a second radiating arm 32. The first radiating arm 31 and the second radiating arm 32 are connected. The first radiating arm 31 and the second radiating arm 32 It can be a bent piece. The first radiating arm 31 is located on the side of the base 20 close to the main board 10 . The second radiating arm 32 is located on the side of the base 20 away from the main board 10 . The feed structure 50 is connected to the first radiating arm 31 . The arms 31 are electrically connected, and signals are fed into the first radiating arm 31 and the second radiating arm 32 through the feeding structure 50. The first radiating arm 31 and the second radiating arm 32 facilitate installation on the base 20, which is conducive to minimizing the volume to improve radiation performance. Wherein, at least part of the second radiation arm 32 may be located in the clearance area 21 to improve radiation performance.

In some embodiments, slots 33 are provided on the first radiating arm 31 and/or the second radiating arm 32. For example, the slots 33 are provided on the first radiating arm 31. The shape and size of the slots 33 can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, if the slot 33 is rectangular or trapezoidal, one or more slots 33 can be provided on the first radiating arm 31 . The plurality of slots 33 can be spaced along the edge of the first radiating arm 31 , and can be arranged uniformly and symmetrically. , the first radiating arm 31 may be trapezoidal, and a slot 33 may be provided on both sides of the hypotenuse on the first radiating arm 31 . The second radiating arm 32 can be provided with a slot 33. For example, the second radiating arm 32 can be provided with a T-shaped slot 33. The slot 33 can play a role in tuning impedance and reduce the size of the antenna.

The first radiator 30 can use a gradient pattern, and modify the impedance characteristics through the slots 33, so that the antenna mode components are relatively more, and the bandwidth of each mode is very wide, and ultimately the entire antenna bandwidth is expanded to a large extent, and the efficiency is relatively balanced. The continuous broadband characteristics enable the antenna to have high performance consistency and effectively resist the frequency offset effects caused by various tolerances.

Optionally, the first radiating arm 31 is circular, semicircular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, sector-shaped or polygonal in order to construct a multi-current pattern to cover the high frequency part and enhance the radiation performance.

In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiator 40 includes a third radiating arm 41 and a fourth radiating arm 42. The third radiating arm 41 and the fourth radiating arm 42 are connected. The third radiating arm 41 and the fourth radiating arm 42 It can be L-shaped, with the third radiating arm 41 located on the side of the base 20 away from the main board 10 , and the fourth radiating arm 42 located on the side elevation of the base 20 (for example, the side elevation of the base 20 is located on the side of the base 20 The elevation between the inner side and the outer side, the side elevation can be perpendicular to the inner side), the side elevation can extend from the edge of the side surface of the base 20 away from the main board 10 to the edge of the base 20 close to the main board 10 The edge of one side of the surface forms the side. The fourth radiating arm 42 may be located in the clear area 21 to facilitate radiation. The ground end 51 is connected to the third radiating arm 41. The end of the fourth radiating arm 42 away from the third radiating arm 41 may face the first radiator 30. For example, the end of the fourth radiating arm 42 away from the end of the third radiating arm 41 may face the second radiating arm 32 , which is beneficial to the coupling of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 .

In some embodiments, the second radiating arm 32 is coupled to the fourth radiating arm 42. The coupling between the second radiating arm 32 and the fourth radiating arm 42 can increase the frequency band range of radiation and improve the radiation performance.

In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the third radiating arm 41 on the main board 10 extends around the circumferential direction of the orthographic projection of the first radiating arm 31 on the main board 10 , which is beneficial to the interaction between the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 Coupling increases the radiation frequency band of the antenna. The first radiator 30 is folded in a 3D space, and the second radiator 40 is extended around the first radiator 30. The size of the antenna is effectively compressed, and the length, width and height can be less than 0.1 wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. , and the small size of the antenna can more effectively utilize the good clearance environment on the side of the device (such as a mobile phone), so that more antennas can be squeezed into the side of the same length.

In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna assembly also includes a frame. The frame can be the frame of an electronic device (such as a mobile phone). The frame is a metal piece. For example, in a metal ring mobile phone, the metal frame on the side (equivalent to (on the frame), the mainboard 10 is arranged on the frame, and the first radiator 30 is coupled with the frame. Through the coupling of the first radiator 30 with the frame, the radiation can be enhanced, a broadband antenna with secondary radiation can be obtained, and the coverage can be improved. frequency band.

In actual application, the specific shapes and sizes of the first radiator 30 and the second radiator 40 can be selected according to needs. Some other miniaturized wide-band antenna designs can also use the design of this application. For example, the antenna can be scaled by equal proportions. size to achieve other frequency band coverage; or by modifying the local antenna size and shape, such as opening multiple slots on the first radiator 30, opening slots at different positions, such as changing the length of the second radiator 40, or adding additional Parasitic radiation branches to achieve the purpose of covering other frequency bands.

The performance test of the antenna assembly in the embodiment of the present application is performed. The return loss S11 of the antenna assembly in the present application is less than -5dB and the bandwidth can cover 3.4GHz-19.6GHz. Test the performance of the antenna components shown in Figures 1 to 3. The size of the antenna is x*y*z=5.8mm*6.75mm*3mm (equivalent to 0.0657λ*0.0765λ*0.034λ, λ is 3.4GHz corresponding to free spatial wavelength), the specific test results are shown in Figure 4a and Figure 4b. See Figure 4a. The -5dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna covers a wide frequency range of 3.4-19.6GHz, covering many frequency bands; see Figure 4b, where the solid line a is the radiation. Efficiency, dotted line b is the total efficiency. Except for 3.4GHz-3.5GHz, the total efficiency is less than -2dB, the efficiency of other frequencies is greater than -2dB, and the overall efficiency is relatively high. Referring to the antenna assembly in Figures 5 and 6, the difference from Figures 1 to 3 is that the first radiator 30 is roughly elliptical, and has been slightly modified based on the elliptical shape. One end of the long axis of the ellipse is partially cut off. The second radiating arm 32 has more portions on the outer side of the base 20 than in FIG. 1 . The test results of the antenna components in Figure 5 and Figure 6 are shown in Figure 7a and Figure 7b. Refer to Figure 7a. The -5dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna covers a wide frequency range of 3.4-14.36GHz and covers many frequency bands. See Figure 7b. The solid line c is Radiation efficiency, the dotted line d is the total efficiency. The total efficiency from 3.4GHz to 14.36GHz is greater than -3dB, and the overall efficiency is high. Referring to the antenna components in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the wiring of the first radiator 30 starts from the outer side of the base 20 , goes to the edge of the base 20 , and extends to the base along the side elevation of the base 20 . The area on the inner surface of 20 is mostly located on the outer surface of base 20 , and the portion located on the outer surface of base 20 is electrically connected to the ground terminal 51 . The test results of the antenna components in Figure 8 and Figure 9 are shown in Figure 10a and Figure 10b. Refer to Figure 10a. The -5dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna covers a wide frequency range of 3.4GHz-14.24GHz, covering many frequency bands; see Figure 10b, solid line e. is the radiation efficiency, and the dotted line f is the total efficiency. The total efficiency from 3.4GHz to 14.24GHz is greater than -3dB, and the overall efficiency is high.

An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the antenna assembly in the above embodiment. The electronic device with the antenna assembly in the above embodiment is beneficial to miniaturization design, the antenna performance covers a wide frequency band, and the antenna performance is good.

The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. The above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Inspired by this application, many forms can be made without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope protected by the claims, all of which fall within the protection of this application.

Claims (9)

1. An antenna assembly, comprising:

a main board;

the base is an insulating piece and is arranged on one side of the main board, and the base and the main board are arranged at intervals;

a first radiator disposed on the base;

the second radiator is arranged on the base, the first radiator and the second radiator are arranged at intervals and are coupled, and the second radiator is connected with the grounding end on the main board;

the feed structure is electrically connected with the first radiator and is arranged on the main board;

the first radiator comprises a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, the first radiating arm is connected with the second radiating arm, the first radiating arm is located on one side, close to the main board, of the base, the second radiating arm is located on one side, far away from the main board, of the base, and the feed structure is electrically connected with the first radiating arm.

2. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the orthographic projection of the first and second radiators on a first plane is located outside of the main board, the first plane being the plane in which the main board is located.

3. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the first radiator portion is located on a side of the base proximate the motherboard and the first radiator extends to a side of the base distal from the motherboard.

4. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first radiating arm and/or the second radiating arm is provided with a slot.

5. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the second radiator includes a third radiating arm and a fourth radiating arm, the third radiating arm being connected to the fourth radiating arm, the third radiating arm being located on a side of the base remote from the main board, the fourth radiating arm being located on a side elevation of the base, the ground terminal being connected to the third radiating arm, the side elevation being a side formed from an edge of a side surface of the base remote from the main board to an edge of a side surface of the base near the main board.

6. The antenna assembly of claim 5, wherein the second radiating arm is coupled with the fourth radiating arm.

7. The antenna assembly of claim 5, wherein the orthographic projection of the third radiating arm on the main board extends circumferentially around the orthographic projection of the first radiating arm on the main board.

8. The antenna assembly of claim 1, further comprising:

the frame body is a metal piece, the main board is arranged on the frame body, and the first radiator is coupled with the frame body.

9. An electronic device comprising an antenna assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1-8.