CN112932641B - tibial intramedullary nail - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tibial intramedullary nail, which belongs to the technical field of medical devices and includes an arc-shaped support tube, a plurality of segmented support tubes and a flexible rope with an anti-detachment block at the end. The flexible rope runs through several segmented supports in sequence. tubes and arc-shaped support tubes, and are compressed on the anti-dislocation block with the help of tightening members, and the number of segmented support tubes is increased or decreased to match different locations of tibial fractures. In the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, since the support tube enters the tibia sequentially in a segmented form, and the upper arc-shaped support tube can smoothly transition the tibial intramedullary nail from the side of the tibial platform to the direction of the tibial axis, therefore , there is no need to open a large pre-opening hole, ensuring that the patient's affected area can recover quickly. By changing the number of segmented support tubes, the tibial intramedullary nail can be lengthened or shortened to match tibial fracture areas at different locations. There is no need to replace tibial intramedullary nails of different lengths for different tibial fracture areas. It is easy to use and simple to operate.

Description

tibial intramedullary nail

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and more specifically, relates to a tibial intramedullary nail.

Background technique

Intramedullary nail surgery is a common fixation method for tibial fractures. However, the general tibial intramedullary nail is a whole-section rigid straight rod design in the middle section, which makes the selection of the surgical approach to the nail entry point limited. There are some approaches to the edge of the tibial plateau or the articular surface and its surroundings. There are currently two approaches to tibial intramedullary nailing. One is to use the suprapatellar approach with the knee joint in a semi-extended position. Destruction of the joint capsule during the operation will cause damage to the joint. Cartilage and joint surfaces are damaged. The other is the flexion position, which uses a parapatellar approach, which makes intraoperative fluoroscopy inconvenient and also causes damage to the patellar tendon.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tibial intramedullary nail through a lateral approach, aiming to solve the difficulty of the intramedullary nail penetrating into the tibia or the damage to the patellar tendon from the tibial suprapatellar approach and the parapatellar approach, which affects the recovery of the patient. time, and it is cumbersome to prepare intramedullary nails of different lengths in advance to match different tibial fracture locations before surgery.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a tibial intramedullary nail, which includes an arc-shaped support tube, a plurality of segmented support tubes and a flexible rope with an anti-detachment block at the end. The arc-shaped support The tube has an arc that matches the lateral transition of the tibial platform to the tibial axis. The flexible rope penetrates several of the segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tube in sequence, and tightens the tube at the end of the arc-shaped support tube. The component is used to press several of the segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes on the anti-detachment block in sequence, and is used to adjust the tibial intramedullary nail by increasing or decreasing the number of the segmented support tubes. length to match different locations of tibial fractures.

As another embodiment of the present application, the adjacent segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes and the segmented support tubes are inserted and matched.

As another embodiment of the present application, the lower ends of the segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes are each provided with a tapered cone, and the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with a tapered cone for matching the cone-shaped cone. groove.

As another embodiment of the present application, the adjacent segmented support tubes are hingedly matched with each other, and the arc-shaped support tubes and the segmented support tubes are hingedly matched.

As another embodiment of the present application, the lower ends of the segmented support tube and the arc-shaped support tube are both provided with ball ends, and the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with an arc-shaped groove for matching the ball end. , the ball head end cooperates with the arc-shaped groove to limit the rotation of the ball head end relative to the arc-shaped groove along the horizontal axis.

As another embodiment of the present application, a damping layer is provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and/or the outer wall of the ball head end.

As another embodiment of the present application, the end of the segmented support tube located at the end is provided with an anti-separation groove for engaging the anti-separation block.

As another embodiment of the present application, the tightening member is a locking sleeve, the flexible rope is provided with a threaded section for matching the locking sleeve, and the locking sleeve is threadedly connected to the locking sleeve through the threaded section. The flexible rope is used to press the plurality of segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes into the tibia in sequence.

As another embodiment of the present application, a plurality of fixing screws are also included, and the plurality of fixing screws are respectively used to fix the arc-shaped support tube and a plurality of the segmented support tubes at different angles.

As another embodiment of the present application, the length of the segmented support tube is not greater than 60 mm.

The beneficial effects of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the tibial intramedullary nail of the present invention penetrates one end of the flexible rope equipped with an anti-detachment block into the pre-opened hole on the side of the tibial platform, and automatically The end of the flexible rope away from the anti-detachment block is inserted into several segmented support tubes in sequence, and the inserted segmented support tubes are continuously penetrated into the bone marrow in the tibia, and finally penetrated into the arc-shaped support tube, and tightened the arc-shaped support tube. The arc-shaped support tube and several segmented support tubes are compressed on the anti-detachment block, so that the arc-shaped support tube and several segmented support tubes form a tibial intramedullary nail structure with an arc-shaped upper part and a straight section at the lower part. Since the support tube enters the tibia in sequence, and the upper arc-shaped support tube can smoothly transition the tibial intramedullary nail from the side of the tibial platform to the direction of the tibial axis, there is no need to open a large pre-opening hole. , ensuring that the patient’s affected area can recover quickly. By changing the number of segmented support tubes, the tibial intramedullary nail can be lengthened or shortened to match tibial fracture areas at different locations. There is no need to replace tibial intramedullary nails of different lengths for different tibial fracture areas. It is easy to use and simple to operate.

Description of the drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only illustrative of the present invention. For some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the arc-shaped support tube, flexible rope and tightening member provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of adjacent segmented support pipes provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the arc-shaped support tube, flexible rope and tightening member provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a segmented support tube provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture: 100, arc-shaped support tube; 200, segmented support tube; 210, tapered platform; 220, tapered groove; 230, ball head end; 240, arc-shaped groove; 250, anti-separation groove; 300, flexible Rope; 301, anti-falling block; 400, tightening member; 410, locking sleeve; 500, fixing screw.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 to describe the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention. The tibial intramedullary nail includes an arc-shaped support tube 100, a plurality of segmented support tubes 200, and a flexible rope 300 with an anti-detachment block 301 at the end. The arc-shaped support tube 100 has an arc that matches the lateral transition of the tibial platform to the tibial axis. , the flexible rope 300 penetrates several segmented support tubes 200 and arc-shaped support tubes 100 in sequence, and is used to tighten the several segmented support tubes 200 and arc-shaped support tubes with the help of the tightening member 400 located at the end of the arc-shaped support tube 100 100 is pressed onto the anti-detachment block 301 in turn, and the length of the tibial intramedullary nail is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of segmented support tubes 200 to match different locations of tibial fractures.

Compared with the prior art, the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention has one end of the flexible rope 300 provided with the anti-detachment block 301 inserted into a pre-opened hole on the side of the tibial platform, and the end of the flexible rope 300 away from the anti-detachment block 301 One end is inserted into several segmented support tubes 200 in sequence, and the inserted segmented support tubes 200 are continuously penetrated into the bone marrow in the tibia. Finally, the arc-shaped support tube 100 is penetrated, and the arc-shaped support tube is tightened by the tightening member 400. 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 are pressed against the anti-detachment block 301, so that the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 form a tibial intramedullary nail structure with an arc-shaped upper part and a straight lower part. . Since the segmented support tube 200 enters the tibia in a segmented manner, and the upper arc-shaped support tube 100 can smoothly transition the tibial intramedullary nail from the side of the tibial platform to the direction of the tibial axis, there is no need to open a large Pre-opening holes ensure that the patient's affected area can recover quickly. By changing the number of segmented support tubes 200, the tibial intramedullary nail can be lengthened or shortened to match tibial fracture areas at different locations. There is no need to replace tibial intramedullary nails of different lengths for different tibial fracture areas. It is convenient to use and simple to operate.

Among them, the area a marked in Figure 1 and Figure 5 is the fracture location of the tibia. The arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are both hollow tubular structures. The internal channel is used for the flexible rope 300 to pass through. The inner diameter of the channel should be larger than the outer diameter of the flexible rope 300. While the flexible rope 300 passes smoothly, It is ensured that even when there is an angle between adjacent segmented support tubes 200, the smooth passage of the flexible rope 300 will not be affected.

In addition, the flexible rope 300 has both flexibility and a certain degree of stiffness. An armor layer can be placed on the outside of the flexible rope 300 to prevent the flexible rope 300 from being entangled or knotted. The flexible rope 300 with a certain stiffness can also be smoothly penetrated through the pre-opened hole on the side of the tibial platform, making it easy to operate.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 2 to 4. The insertion between adjacent segmented support tubes 200, and between the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 Cooperate.

In this embodiment, when the tightening member 400 is used to tighten the flexible rope 300, several segmented support tubes 200 and arc-shaped support tubes 100 are close to each other and are compressed between the tightening member 400 and the anti-falling block 301 . The adjacent segmented support pipes 200 and the arc-shaped support pipe 100 and the segmented support pipes 200 are connected to each other by inserting, which can prevent the adjacent segmented support pipes 200 or the arc-shaped support pipe 100 from being connected with the segmented supports. The tube 200 slides relative to each other, thereby improving the stability of the tibial intramedullary nail structure.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 2 to 4. The lower ends of the segmented support tube 200 and the arc-shaped support tube 100 are each provided with a tapered platform 210. The segmented support tube 200 The upper end is provided with a tapered groove 220 for matching the tapered platform 210.

In this embodiment, the conical cone 210 is a conical cone, and the tapered groove 220 is a conical groove, and they match each other. When the flexible rope 300 is not tightened by the tightening member 400, the segmented support tube 200 and the arc-shaped support tube 100 can rotate relative to the segmented support tube 200 below, and can be arranged at an included angle, with a certain degree of freedom. . When the flexible rope 300 is tightened by the tightening member 400, the tapered platform 210 at the lower part of the segmented support tube 200 and the arc-shaped support tube 100 can be pressed into the tapered platform at the upper end of the segmented support tube 200 below the line. In the groove 220, the two are relatively stable.

In addition, when the flexible rope 300 is tightened by the tightening member 400, the two adjacent segmented support tubes 200 or the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 at an included angle can also be compressed, and the tapered The friction between the outer wall of the platform 210 and the inner wall of the tapered groove 220 keeps the angle between them, which can match the local bending area of the tibia, making the tibial intramedullary nail more capable of adapting to different areas.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 5 to 8. There is a hinged fit between adjacent segmented support tubes 200, and between the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200. .

In this embodiment, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 are sequentially placed on the flexible rope 300. When the flexible rope 300 is tightened by the tightening member 400, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tubes 200 The joints of the arc-shaped support tubes 100 and the segmented support tubes 200 can be arranged at an included angle to match the outline shapes of different bones; similarly, the joints of two adjacent segmented support tubes 200 are also arranged in an angle. The hinged cooperation allows the two adjacent segmented support tubes 200 to be arranged at an included angle, and can also match the contour shapes of different bones.

With the above hinged form, the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention is no longer limited to tibial fracture surgery, but can also be extended to other bone fracture surgeries.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 5 to 8.

The lower ends of the segmented support tube 200 and the arc-shaped support tube 100 are each provided with a ball end 230. The upper end of the segmented support tube 200 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 240 for matching the ball end 230. The ball end 230 matches the arc groove. 240 is used to limit the rotation of the ball end 230 along the horizontal axis relative to the arcuate groove 240 .

In this embodiment, the upper part of the arc-shaped groove 240 is provided with two arc-shaped side walls, and the two arc-shaped side walls can define the rotation direction of the ball head end 230 . When the ball end 230 rotates, the ball end 230 can only rotate at a certain angle along any arc-shaped side wall. The ball head end 230 can only rotate along one plane. Finally, after the segmented support tubes 200 enter the tibia, they rotate downward relative to the adjacent segmented support tubes 200, so that the segmented support tubes 200 can smoothly penetrate into the interior of the tibia from the pyriform fossa.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to FIG. 8 . The inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 240 and/or the outer wall of the ball head end 230 is provided with a damping layer.

In this embodiment, the damping layer (not shown in the figure) can use a rough surface layer to increase the friction between the ball end 230 and the arcuate groove 240 and ensure the relative rotation angle between the ball end 230 and the arcuate groove 240 Finally, the pressure provided by the tightening member 400 is used to position the two at any angle to prevent the ball head end 230 and the arcuate groove 240 from sliding relative to each other after the flexible rope 300 is tightened.

Optionally, the damping layer can also be a tooth-shaped structure or a protruding point structure, which can be abutted in pairs or matched with the smooth surface in any way, thereby improving the friction between the ball end 230 and the arc groove 240 .

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to FIGS. 3 and 7 . The end of the segmented support tube 200 at the end is provided with an anti-detachment groove 250 for engaging the anti-detachment block 301 .

In this embodiment, the anti-separation groove 250 is opened at the end of the segmented support tube 200 , and the anti-separation groove 250 is connected with the channel for passing the flexible rope 300 . The outer diameter of the anti-falling block 301 is larger than the cross-sectional profile of the channel. When the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are installed on the flexible rope 300, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are kept away from the flexible rope 300. One end of the anti-falling block 301 is placed on the flexible rope 300 until the segmented support tube 200 that is first mounted on the flexible rope 300 reaches the anti-falling block 301, so that the anti-falling block 301 is stuck on the corresponding segmented support tube 200. The anti-separation groove 250 can ensure that the flexible rope 300 will not come out of the segmented support tube 200 under the tension of the tightening member 400 .

In addition, the anti-exfoliation block 301 can be hidden in the anti-exfoliation groove 250 to prevent the anti-exfoliation block 301 from occupying the intramedullary space. At the same time, the anti-exfoliation block 301 can also block the channel for passing the flexible rope 300 to prevent the bone marrow from entering the channel.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 and 5. The tightening member 400 is a locking sleeve 410, and the flexible rope 300 is provided with a threaded section for matching the locking sleeve 410. The locking sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the flexible rope 300 through a threaded section, and is used to press several segmented support tubes 200 and arc-shaped support tubes 100 into the tibia in sequence.

In this embodiment, the outer surface of the flexible rope 300 is provided with external threads. When the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 set on the flexible rope 300 meet the position of the tibial fracture, the locking sleeve 410 starts to be rotated. , the locking sleeve 410 moves to one side of the arc-shaped support tube 100 while rotating, thereby driving the arc-shaped support tube 100 to squeeze the adjacent segmented support tube 200, and the adjacent segmented support tube 200 is pressed against it. By analogy, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 are finally compressed by the locking sleeve 410 to form a structurally stable tibial intramedullary nail that can well match tibial fractures. s position.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 and 5. It also includes a plurality of fixing screws 500. The plurality of fixed screws 500 are used to fix the arc-shaped support tube 100 at different angles. and several segmented support tubes 200.

In this embodiment, the fixing screws 500 penetrate the tibia at different angles, and correspondingly penetrate the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200, thereby fixing the arc-shaped support tube 100 and several segmented support tubes 200 in the tibia. Within the tibia, thereby achieving the stability of the entire tibial intramedullary nail.

As a specific implementation of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present invention, the length of the segmented support tube 200 is not greater than 60 mm.

In this embodiment, the segmented support tube 200 is a straight section, and its length is limited to no more than 60 mm, which ensures that after the straight section penetrates laterally from the tibial plateau, it can smoothly rotate downward in the tibia to a vertical state.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (7)

1. A tibial intramedullary nail, which is characterized in that it includes an arc-shaped support tube, several segmented support tubes and a flexible rope with an anti-detachment block at the end. The arc-shaped support tube has a structure that matches the tibial platform lateral to the tibial axis. The transitional arc, the flexible rope penetrates several segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tube in sequence, and is used to tighten the several segmented support tubes with the help of tightening members located at the ends of the arc-shaped support tubes. The support tube and the arc-shaped support tube are sequentially pressed against the anti-dislodgement block, and the length of the tibial intramedullary nail is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of segmented support tubes to match different locations of tibial fractures. , between adjacent segmented support tubes, and between the arc-shaped support tube and the segmented support tube, the lower ends of the segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tube are provided with balls. The head end, the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with an arc-shaped groove for matching the ball head end, the upper part of the arc-shaped groove is equipped with two arc-shaped side walls, the ball head end matches the arc-shaped The groove is used to limit the rotation of the ball head end along the horizontal axis relative to the arc-shaped groove. The inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and/or the outer wall of the ball head end is provided with a damping layer, and the outside of the flexible rope is covered with armor. Installation layer. 2. The tibial intramedullary nail according to claim 1, characterized in that there is an insertion fit between the adjacent segmented support tubes and between the arc-shaped support tube and the segmented support tube. 3. The tibial intramedullary nail according to claim 2, wherein the segmented support tube and the arc-shaped support tube are both provided with tapered cones at their lower ends, and the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with a useful To match the tapered groove of the tapered cone. 4. The tibial intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein the end of the segmented support tube located at the end is provided with an anti-detachment groove for engaging the anti-detachment block. 5. The tibial intramedullary nail according to claim 1, wherein the tightening member is a locking sleeve, the flexible rope is provided with a threaded section for matching the locking sleeve, and the locking member The sleeve is threadedly connected to the flexible rope through the threaded section, and is used to press the plurality of segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes into the tibia in sequence. 6. The tibial intramedullary nail according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of fixing screws, each of which is used to fix the arc-shaped support tube and a plurality of the branches at different angles. Segment support tube. 7. The tibial intramedullary nail according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the length of the segmented support tube is no more than 60 mm.