CN112911683A - Distributed networking control method, distributed networking, electronic device and readable medium - Google Patents
Distributed networking control method, distributed networking, electronic device and readable medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a distributed networking control method, which includes: scanning wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list; and determining the optimal wireless access node or the optimal channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list. Even if one wireless access node network group fails, the method can not influence the normal operation of the whole wireless access node network group, and the technical requirements and the cost of the control point are reduced. The disclosure also provides a distributed networking, an electronic device and a readable medium.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosed embodiments relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a distributed networking control method, a distributed networking, an electronic device, and a computer-readable medium.
Background
With the development of wireless Access Point (AP) networking, the number of APs in a wireless AP networking is increasing, and the APs in the networking need to be controlled. At present, there are two schemes for controlling the networking AP, one of which is to adopt an Access Controller (AC) + AP scheme, and set an AC in a wireless AP networking, and use the AC to control other networking APs in the wireless AP networking. Secondly, in the networking scheme of the Mesh distribution (Easy Mesh), a central control point (Controller) is arranged in the wireless AP networking, and the networking AP in the wireless AP networking is controlled through the central control point.
According to the two schemes for controlling the networking AP, when an access controller (a central control point) breaks down, related services of the whole wireless AP networking are affected, and therefore user experience is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a distributed networking control method, a distributed networking, an electronic device and a computer readable medium, which are used for solving the problem that an access controller fails to affect the whole wireless AP networking.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a distributed networking control method, which includes:
scanning wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list;
and determining the optimal wireless access node or the optimal channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a distributed networking, including:
the wireless access nodes are provided with a control agent module and a control point module;
the control agent module is used for recording the operation parameters of the wireless access node corresponding to the control agent module;
the control point module is used for scanning the wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list; and determining the best wireless access node or the best channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:
one or more processors;
a storage device, on which one or more programs are stored, and when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the distributed networking control method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the distributed networking control method provided by the present disclosure.
The distributed networking control method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure obtains a neighbor wireless access node list by scanning wireless access node networking; and then, determining the optimal wireless access node or the optimal channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list, so that the optimization and roaming switching of the channels in the wireless access node network group are realized, even if one wireless access node fails, the normal operation of the whole wireless access node network group is not influenced, and the technical requirements and the cost of a control point are reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure. The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present distributed networking according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of another distributed networking control method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a flowchart for implementing a fast roaming station according to a neighboring wireless access node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of acquiring a neighbor wireless access node list in the distributed networking control method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of channel optimization in a distributed networking control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a fast roaming station in a distributed networking control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following describes the distributed networking control method, the distributed networking, and the electronic device provided in the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but which may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Embodiments described herein may be described with reference to plan and/or cross-sectional views in light of idealized schematic illustrations of the disclosure. Accordingly, the example illustrations can be modified in accordance with manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but include modifications of configurations formed based on a manufacturing process. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the figures illustrate specific shapes of regions of elements, but are not intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Aiming at the problem that in the existing wireless AP networking control scheme, only one access controller is arranged in the same wireless AP networking, and when the access controller fails, the related services of the whole wireless AP networking are affected. The embodiment of the invention provides a distributed networking control method, wherein each wireless AP in a wireless AP networking network is provided with a controller, and the controllers are used for controlling the wireless APs in the wireless AP networking network so as to realize the selection and roaming switching of an optimal channel.
In some embodiments, the wireless APs in the wireless AP networking are connected to the same two-layer network, when the service of the wireless AP is idle, the wireless AP scans the entire wireless AP networking through the controller to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list, and then determines an optimal channel based on the current channel parameters and the historical statistical parameters of the neighbor wireless access node, or determines an optimal wireless AP according to the operating parameters of the neighbor wireless access node AP, and switches the station roaming to the optimal wireless AP.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed networking according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The distributed networking includes a first wireless AP1, a second wireless AP2, a third wireless AP3, a fourth wireless AP4, a fifth wireless AP5, a sixth wireless AP6, and a seventh wireless AP7, which are connected into the same two-tier network. In some embodiments, at least one of the seven wireless APs has a control point module (Controller) and a control Agent module (Agent) built therein. In some embodiments, each wireless AP has built in a control point module and a control agent module, and the fourth wireless AP4 is associated with Station STA1 (Station).
Each control point module can only control the corresponding wireless AP, but can access the control agent modules of other wireless APs. For example, the fourth control point module Controller4 built in the wireless AP4 can only control the fourth control Agent module Agent4, and cannot control other control Agent modules. The control agent module records the operation parameters of the wireless access node corresponding to the control agent module, such as average channel utilization rate and bandwidth. When the control point module scans the wireless AP in the wireless AP network, the control agent module can obtain the corresponding operating parameters of the wireless AP.
It should be noted that the average channel utilization refers to an average channel utilization and a bandwidth per time period per week, for example, an average channel utilization per hour period per week.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a distributed networking control method. Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a distributed networking control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This embodiment is described by taking distributed Wi-Fi networking as an example.
Referring to fig. 2, the distributed networking control method includes:
and 201, scanning wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list.
A certain wireless AP full-channel scanning wireless access node networking in the wireless access node networking acquires a neighbor wireless access node list, namely the neighbor wireless access node list only contains wireless access nodes which can be scanned, and the wireless access nodes which are not scanned are not contained in the neighbor wireless access node list. In addition, the wireless access node which is scanned by the wireless access node which executes the scanning obtains the basic service set identification, the service set identification and the received signal strength identification of each neighbor wireless access result.
For example, the fourth wireless AP4 in the distributed Wi-Fi group scans the distributed Wi-Fi group, and when the second wireless AP2, the third wireless AP3, the fifth wireless AP5, the sixth wireless AP6 and the seventh wireless AP7 are scanned as neighbor wireless APs, the second wireless AP2, the third wireless AP3, the fifth wireless AP5, the sixth wireless AP6 and the seventh wireless AP7 are added to the neighbor wireless access node list.
In some embodiments, the wireless access node performing the scanning performs full channel scanning when the service is idle, and obtains a neighbor wireless access node list. For example, the fourth wireless AP4 scans the wireless AP network in full channel when its service is idle, and obtains the wireless access node list.
In some embodiments, the wireless access node performing the scanning performs full channel scanning at regular intervals to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list. Such as a wireless access node performing a scan, scans the full channel every four hours for wireless access node networking. In some embodiments, the wireless access node performing the scan fully scans the channel every four hours for wireless access node networking 8:00-23:00 a day. In some embodiments, the wireless access node performing the scanning is, when idle, scanning the wireless access node network in full channels at regular intervals.
In some embodiments, the wireless access node performing the scanning may also employ other policies for scanning the wireless access node network.
In some embodiments, when a wireless access node performing scanning scans wireless access node networking and obtains a neighbor wireless access node, filtering a scanning result of the wireless access node, and then adding the filtered neighbor wireless access node into the neighbor wireless access node list.
In some embodiments, the filtering is performed by a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and the signal strength of the neighboring wireless access nodes. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
judging whether the service set identification of the neighbor wireless access node is the same as the service set identification of the wireless access node executing scanning, if not, filtering the neighbor wireless access node;
and judging whether the received signal strength of the neighbor wireless access node is greater than a signal strength preset value, if not, filtering the neighbor wireless access node.
In the filtering process, because the distance is far, the influence of the neighbor wireless access node with weak signals on the current wireless access node is small or no influence is approximate to the current wireless access node, the neighbor wireless access node with the long distance and weak signals is added into a list, namely the neighbor wireless access node with the same service set identification and the received signal strength greater than the preset signal strength value is added into the wireless access node list, and the wireless access node which does not meet the condition is filtered.
For example, the signal strength preset value is set to-70 dbm. Neighboring wireless access nodes with same service set identification and signal strength greater than-70 dbm
202, determining the best wireless access node or the best channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list.
It should be noted that the performance parameters of the wireless access node include historical statistical parameters and current channel parameters. The historical channel utilization rate comprises the utilization rate of an average channel and the bandwidth of the channel in the historical time period. The current channel parameters include, but are not limited to, the current operating channel, the current operating bandwidth, and the current channel utilization.
In some embodiments, the step of determining the best wireless access node from the performance parameters of the neighboring wireless access nodes in the list of neighboring wireless access nodes comprises:
and acquiring the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list. Calculating the estimated utilization rate of the channel according to the historical statistical parameters and the current channel parameters of the neighbor wireless access node; and determining the channel with the minimum estimated utilization rate as the best channel.
For example, the control point module Controller4 of the fourth wireless AP may query the historical statistical parameters and the current channel parameters of the second wireless AP2 through the second control agent module Agengt 2.
In some embodiments, after the control point module Controller4 of the fourth wireless AP obtains the performance parameters of the neighboring wireless access node, the historical statistical parameters of the neighboring wireless access node and the current channel parameters are calculated to calculate the estimated utilization rate of the channel. In some embodiments, the estimated channel utilization rate of each channel is calculated according to the current operating channel and the current operating bandwidth of the neighboring wireless access node, in combination with the historical time average channel utilization rate of the corresponding neighboring wireless access node. It should be noted that, when calculating the estimated channel utilization, the combination bandwidth occupies multiple channels.
And finding out the channel with the minimum estimated channel utilization rate from the calculation result, determining the channel with the minimum estimated channel utilization rate as the optimal channel, and then using the optimal channel.
In some embodiments, a wireless access node network is scanned by a station associated with the wireless access node to obtain a list of neighboring wireless access nodes. The method for obtaining the neighbor wireless access node list by the station is the same as the method for obtaining the neighbor wireless access node list by the direct scanning of the wireless access node, and is not described herein again.
It should be noted that the station associated with the wireless access node communicates with the wireless access node through the 802.11k protocol standard.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of implementing a fast roaming station according to a neighboring wireless access node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, when the wireless access node obtains a neighboring wireless access node, if the wireless access node is associated with a station, roaming handover of the station may also be implemented. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
301, determining whether the station needs roaming according to a preset rule.
The preset rule comprises at least one of the number of the wireless access node-associated stations and the minimum signal strength of the roaming stations.
In some embodiments, it is determined whether the station STA1 needs to roam according to the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP 4. For example, when the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP4 exceeds the preset number, it is determined that the station needs to roam. In some embodiments, it is determined whether the station STA1 needs to roam based on the station's minimum signal strength. For example, when the signal strength provided by the fourth wireless AP4 is less than the minimum signal strength of the station STA1, it is determined that the station needs to roam. In some embodiments, whether the station STA1 needs to roam is determined according to the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP4 and the minimum signal strength of the stations. If the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP4 exceeds the preset number and the signal strength provided by the fourth wireless AP4 is less than the minimum signal strength of the station STA1, it is determined that the station needs to roam.
302, when the station needs to roam, obtaining the wireless access node performing scanning for networking of the wireless access node and the operating parameters of the neighboring wireless access nodes in the neighboring wireless access node list.
Wherein the operating parameter of the wireless access node comprises at least one of a load, a channel utilization and a signal strength of the wireless access node.
303, comparing the radio access node performing scanning for networking with the operation parameters of the neighbor radio access nodes in the neighbor radio access node list, and determining the radio access node with the best operation parameter as the best radio access node.
In some embodiments, the loads of the wireless access nodes performing the scanning of the wireless access node network and the residential wireless access nodes are compared, and the wireless access node with the smallest load is selected as the best wireless access node. In some embodiments, the channel utilization of the wireless access nodes and the residential wireless access nodes performing the scanning of the wireless access node network are compared, and the wireless access node with the smallest channel utilization is selected as the best wireless access node. In some embodiments, the signal strengths of the wireless access nodes performing the scanning of the wireless access node network and the residential wireless access node are compared, and the wireless access node with the highest signal strength is selected as the optimal wireless access node. In some embodiments, the load, channel utilization and signal strength of the wireless access nodes performing the scanning of the wireless access node network and the residential wireless access nodes are compared, and the wireless access node with the best load, channel utilization and signal strength is selected as the best wireless access node. For example, the signal strength is compared, the number of associated stations is smaller than a preset threshold, and the channel utilization rate is smaller than a set threshold (e.g., 60%).
In some embodiments, after obtaining the best wireless access node, the station is roamed to the best wireless access node. For example, the fourth wireless AP4 roams the station STA1 to the best wireless access node via the 802.11k protocol.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of acquiring a neighbor wireless access node list in the distributed networking control method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. The step of acquiring the neighbor wireless access node list comprises the following steps:
401, determine whether the service of the radio access node is idle.
The wireless access node in the wireless access node network scans the wireless access node network when the service is idle, so that whether the service of the wireless access node is idle needs to be judged.
The wireless access node full channel scans for wireless access node networking 402.
And the wireless access node scans the wireless access node networking in a full channel to obtain a neighbor wireless access node. Wherein the scanning result comprises Basic Service Set Identification (BSSID), Service Set Identification (SSID) and Received Signal Strength Identification (RSSI) of the neighbor wireless access node.
And 403, filtering the scanned neighbor wireless access nodes.
And judging whether the service set identification of the neighbor wireless access node is the same as the service set identification of the wireless access node executing scanning, if not, indicating that the channel of the neighbor wireless access node is far away from the current channel and has little influence on the current signal, thereby filtering the neighbor wireless access node.
In some embodiments, it is determined whether the received signal strength of the neighboring wireless access node is smaller than a preset signal strength value, and if so, the signal strength of the neighboring wireless access node is weak, which has little influence on the current wireless access node, and the neighboring wireless access node is filtered.
In some embodiments, it is determined whether the service set identifier of the neighboring wireless access node is the same as the service set identifier of the wireless access node performing the scanning, and at the same time, it is determined whether the received signal strength of the neighboring wireless access node is less than a preset value of signal strength, a neighboring wireless access node whose service set identifier is different from the wireless access node performing the scanning is filtered out, and a neighboring wireless access node whose received signal strength is less than the preset value is filtered out.
And 404, adding the filtered neighbor wireless access nodes into a neighbor wireless access node list.
And adding the neighbor wireless access node which has the service set identification of the neighbor wireless access node which is the same as the service set identification of the wireless access node executing scanning and has the received signal strength greater than the preset value of the signal strength into a neighbor wireless access node list. The control point module Controller4, such as the fourth wireless AP4, adds the filtered neighbor wireless access node AP2 to the neighbor wireless access node list.
The neighbor wireless access node list obtained in this embodiment may provide relevant parameters for channel optimization and roaming handover.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of channel optimization in a distributed networking control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The channel optimization step comprises:
501, a neighbor wireless access node list is obtained.
The neighbor radio access node list may be obtained through steps 401 to 404, which are not described herein again.
502, determine whether the current wireless access node is idle.
And when the current wireless access node is idle in service, performing signal optimization.
And 503, obtaining the performance parameters of the wireless access node.
And the control point module Controller of the current wireless access node inquires a control Agent module Agent of the neighbor wireless access node to obtain the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access node. Wherein the performance parameters include historical statistical parameters and current channel parameters. Historical statistical parameters include, but are not limited to, average channel utilization and bandwidth per hour period per week. The current channel parameters include the current operating channel, the current operating bandwidth, and the current channel utilization.
An estimated channel utilization is calculated 504.
And the control point module Controller of the current wireless access node calculates the estimated channel utilization rate of each channel according to the current working channel and the current working bandwidth of the neighbor wireless access node and by combining the historical moment average channel utilization rate of the corresponding neighbor wireless access node. It should be noted that, when calculating the estimated channel utilization, the combination bandwidth occupies multiple channels.
505, the best channel is selected.
And the current wireless access node finds out the channel with the minimum estimated channel utilization rate from the calculation result, and determines the channel with the minimum estimated channel utilization rate as the optimal channel.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a fast roaming station in a distributed networking control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The fast roaming station comprises the following steps:
601, obtaining a neighbor wireless access node list.
The neighbor radio access node list may be obtained through steps 401 to 404, which are not described herein again.
And 602, associating the station with the current wireless access node.
Associate station STA1 with the current wireless access node, such as station STA1 with fourth wireless AP 4.
603, determine if station STA1 needs to roam.
The control point module Controller of the current wireless access node judges whether the station STA1 needs to roam according to a preset rule.
Wherein the preset rule comprises at least one of the number of associated stations and the minimum signal strength at which the station roams.
In this embodiment, whether the station STA1 needs to roam is determined according to the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP4 and the minimum signal strength of the stations. If the number of stations associated with the fourth wireless AP4 exceeds the preset number and the signal strength provided by the fourth wireless AP4 is less than the minimum signal strength of the station STA1, it is determined that the station needs to roam.
604, operating parameters of the wireless access node are obtained.
The operation parameters of the wireless access node comprise the load of the wireless access node, the channel utilization rate and the signal strength.
When the STA1 needs to roam, the control point module Controller of the current wireless access node queries the neighbor wireless access node to obtain the load and channel utilization rate of the neighbor wireless access node through the control Agent module Agent. The station STA1 is caused to measure the signal strength of a neighboring wireless access node through 802.11 k.
605 to compare the operating parameters of the current radio access node and the neighboring radio access nodes.
And comparing the signal strength of the current wireless access node and the neighbor wireless access node, the number of the respective associated stations and the channel utilization rate, and determining the wireless access node with the best operation parameters as the optimal wireless access node.
The wireless access node with the best operation parameters is the wireless access node with the strongest signal strength, the least number of associated stations and the lowest channel utilization rate. In some embodiments, the signal strength, the number of associated stations and the channel utilization rate are comprehensively judged, and the wireless access node with the highest score is the best wireless access node.
Judging whether the number of stations associated with the wireless access node is smaller than a preset maximum value or not, and judging whether the channel utilization rate of the wireless access node is smaller than a set threshold value or not, wherein if the set threshold value is 60%, if so, the situation shows that a neighbor wireless access node which is better than the current wireless access node exists in the wireless access node networking.
And 606, switching the station to the optimal wireless access node.
The current wireless access node roams station STA1 to the best neighbor wireless access node through 802.11 k.
The distributed networking control method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure obtains a neighbor wireless access node list by scanning wireless access node networking; and then, determining the optimal wireless access node or the optimal channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list, so that the optimization and roaming switching of the channels in the wireless access node network group are realized, even if one wireless access node fails, the normal operation of the whole wireless access node network group is not influenced, and the technical requirements and the cost of a control point are reduced.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a distributed networking, which may be a distributed Wi-Fi networking. The distributed networking includes:
the wireless access nodes are provided with a control agent module and a control point module.
In some embodiments, at least one wireless access node is provided with a control agent module and a control point module. In some embodiments, each wireless access node is provided with a control agent module and a control point module.
The control agent module is used for recording the operation parameters of the wireless access node corresponding to the control agent module;
the control point module is used for scanning the wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list; and determining the best wireless access node or the best channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list.
In the distributed networking provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, a control point module scans a wireless access node networking to obtain a neighbor wireless access node list; and determining the optimal wireless access node or the optimal channel according to the performance parameters of the neighbor wireless access nodes in the neighbor wireless access node list, so that the optimization and roaming switching of the channels in the wireless access node network group are realized, the normal operation of the whole wireless access node network group cannot be influenced even if one wireless access node fails, and the technical requirements and the cost of a control point are reduced.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:
one or more processors;
and a storage device, on which one or more programs are stored, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement any one of the above-described distributed networking control methods.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement any one of the above-mentioned distributed networking control methods.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and should be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some instances, features, characteristics and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless expressly stated otherwise, as would be apparent to one skilled in the art. Accordingly, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.
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