CN112901322B - Diesel engine waste gas waste heat recycling system based on methanol steam reforming hydrogen production - Google Patents
Diesel engine waste gas waste heat recycling system based on methanol steam reforming hydrogen production Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 309
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 309
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 306
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001651 catalytic steam reforming of methanol Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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Abstract
本发明提出基于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的柴油机废气余热回收利用系统，设有以甲醇水蒸汽生成富氢重整气体的重整制氢反应器，还设有带有多个储氢单元的吸附储氢模块；系统以供热气路接收高温废气，以废气分配器把接收的高温废气按化学反应环境需求分配至重整制氢反应器和多个储氢单元进行供热，储氢单元的工况可在吸附工况和解吸工况之间切换；吸附储氢模块中，处于吸附工况的储氢单元对富氢重整气体中的氢气成分进行吸附存储，处于解吸工况的储氢单元释放其存储的氢并向外部设备供氢；本发明能根据船舶柴油机的具体排放状况，利用甲醇蒸汽重整实现对废气余热的回收，并且通过进机掺烧、金属氢化物储氢及燃料电池的方式对该部分能量进行综合利用。
The present invention proposes a waste heat recovery and utilization system of diesel engine exhaust gas based on methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. Adsorption hydrogen storage module; the system receives high-temperature waste gas through the heating gas path, and uses the waste gas distributor to distribute the received high-temperature waste gas to the reforming hydrogen production reactor and multiple hydrogen storage units for heating according to the requirements of the chemical reaction environment. In the adsorption hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption condition adsorbs and stores the hydrogen components in the hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and the storage unit in the desorption condition The hydrogen unit releases its stored hydrogen and supplies hydrogen to external equipment; the present invention can realize the recovery of waste heat of exhaust gas by methanol steam reforming according to the specific discharge conditions of the marine diesel engine, and can realize the recovery of waste heat by means of mixing combustion, metal hydride hydrogen storage and This part of the energy is comprehensively utilized by means of a fuel cell.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及船舶柴油机废气余热回收利用技术领域，尤其是基于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的柴油机废气余热回收利用系统。The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery and utilization of marine diesel engine exhaust gas, in particular to a diesel engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and utilization system based on methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen.
背景技术Background technique
内燃机所消耗的燃料约三分之一的能量随着废气的排放而浪费，对这部分能量的回收利用技术称为余热回收，余热回收可以大大提高内燃机装置的整体效率。船用柴油机余热回收的主要方式有涡轮增压器、废气锅炉和热化学回收。而针对沿江沿海无废气锅炉的中小型船舶而言，热化学回收一种有效可行的余热回收方案。其目的是利用柴油机高温废气的热量使醇类等原料发生重整反应得到富氢重整气体，再将重整气体以进机掺烧或燃料电池的方式加以利用，从而实现废气的余热回收利用。该过程必须保证富氢气体的稳定性和持续性。About one-third of the energy of the fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine is wasted with the emission of the exhaust gas. The recovery and utilization technology of this part of the energy is called waste heat recovery. The waste heat recovery can greatly improve the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine device. The main methods of waste heat recovery of marine diesel engines are turbochargers, exhaust gas boilers and thermochemical recovery. For small and medium-sized ships without exhaust gas boilers along the river and coastal areas, thermochemical recovery is an effective and feasible waste heat recovery scheme. The purpose is to use the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the diesel engine to reform the raw materials such as alcohols to obtain a hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and then use the reformed gas in the way of blending into the engine or fuel cells, so as to realize the waste heat recovery and utilization of the exhaust gas. . The process must ensure the stability and continuity of the hydrogen-rich gas.
本发明公开了一种基于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的船用柴油机废气余热回收与综合利用系统。根据船舶柴油机的具体排放状况，利用甲醇蒸汽重整实现对废气余热的回收，并且通过进机掺烧、金属氢化物储氢及燃料电池的方式对该部分能量进行综合利用，丰富船舶能源供应方式，提高船舶营运能效指数。The invention discloses a waste heat recovery and comprehensive utilization system of marine diesel engine exhaust gas based on methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen. According to the specific emission status of the marine diesel engine, methanol steam reforming is used to recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas, and the part of the energy is comprehensively utilized by means of mixed combustion, metal hydride hydrogen storage and fuel cells to enrich the way of ship energy supply. , to improve the energy efficiency index of ship operation.
国际海事组织(IMO)通过的《国际防止船舶造成环境污染公约》有关船舶能效规则的修正案对国际海运温室气体减排提出了强制性要求。法规要求船舶遵守有关船舶能源效率设计指标(EEDI)的要求。随着法规生效，对现有不达标船舶的改装工作也迫在眉睫，因此提出一种切实有效地改装方案更具有现实意义与工程应用价值。The amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Environmental Pollution from Ships on the energy efficiency rules of ships adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) put forward mandatory requirements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping. Regulations require ships to comply with requirements related to the Energy Efficiency Design Indicator for Ships (EEDI). With the entry into force of the regulations, the refit of the existing substandard ships is also imminent. Therefore, it is of practical significance and engineering application value to propose a practical and effective refit plan.
甲醇水蒸气重整制氢是一项十分成熟的化工应用技术，在新能源汽车领域也有相应的研究，但在船舶柴油机领域的应用却鲜有报道。与陆上应用相比，该技术在船舶上应用主要有以下特点：1)船舶持续运行时间长，废气量大，对余热回收能力要求较高；2)船舶运行环境恶劣，对系统稳定性及可靠性要求高；3)船舶用能形式多样、系统复杂，能量需求大但能量来源单一。因此，对船舶而言不但要考虑柴油机废气余热的有效回收更要考虑回收热量的综合利用。Hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming is a very mature chemical application technology, and there are corresponding researches in the field of new energy vehicles, but the application in the field of marine diesel engines is rarely reported. Compared with onshore applications, the application of this technology on ships mainly has the following characteristics: 1) The ship has a long continuous operation time, a large amount of exhaust gas, and higher requirements for waste heat recovery capacity; High reliability requirements; 3) Ships use various forms of energy, complex systems, large energy requirements but a single energy source. Therefore, for ships, it is necessary to consider not only the effective recovery of exhaust heat from diesel engines, but also the comprehensive utilization of recovered heat.
目前对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢余热回收的应用较为单一，一种是新能源汽车将重整得到的富氢气体引入发动机辅助燃烧，另外一种则是将重整制氢作为氢燃料电池的氢气源。这两种方式的单一应用都无法满足船舶柴油机余热回收及能量利用的要求：单一的进机掺烧受制于重整气与柴油机进气掺混比的限制(氢气爆炸范围是4～75％，在此范围会出现缸内燃烧爆震)，所需富氢重整气体量较小，以此为标准设计的重整反应器难以满足充分回收余热的要求；若仅仅只作为氢燃料电池的氢气源，则不能通过氢气掺烧达到优化缸内燃烧，实现提高发动机效率，降低排放的目的，限制了发动机装置整体能效指数提升。因此根据船舶运行的实际情况，进行回收余热的综合利用，可达到理想的余热回收及利用效果。At present, the application of waste heat recovery for hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming is relatively simple. One is that new energy vehicles introduce the hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming into the engine for auxiliary combustion, and the other is to use reformed hydrogen as a fuel cell for hydrogen production. Hydrogen source. The single application of these two methods cannot meet the requirements of waste heat recovery and energy utilization of marine diesel engines: a single intake engine is subject to the restriction of the mixing ratio of reformed gas and diesel engine intake air (hydrogen explosion range is 4-75%, In this range, there will be in-cylinder combustion knocking), the required amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas is small, and the reforming reactor designed as a standard cannot meet the requirements of fully recovering waste heat; if it is only used as hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen Therefore, it is impossible to optimize the in-cylinder combustion through hydrogen blending, so as to achieve the purpose of improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions, which limits the overall energy efficiency index improvement of the engine device. Therefore, according to the actual situation of ship operation, comprehensive utilization of recovered waste heat can achieve ideal waste heat recovery and utilization effect.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提出基于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的柴油机废气余热回收利用系统，能根据船舶柴油机的具体排放状况，利用甲醇蒸汽重整实现对废气余热的回收，并且通过进机掺烧、金属氢化物储氢及燃料电池的方式对该部分能量进行综合利用，丰富船舶能源供应方式，提高船舶营运能效指数。The invention proposes a waste heat recovery and utilization system of diesel engine exhaust gas based on methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. According to the specific discharge conditions of marine diesel engines, methanol steam reforming can be used to realize the recovery of waste gas waste heat. The method of hydrogen storage and fuel cell comprehensively utilizes this part of the energy, enriches the way of ship energy supply, and improves the energy efficiency index of ship operation.
本发明采用以下技术方案。The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
基于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的柴油机废气余热回收利用系统，所述余热回收利用系统内设有以甲醇水蒸汽生成富氢重整气体的重整制氢反应器(4)，还设有带有多个储氢单元的吸附储氢模块；所述系统以供热气路接收柴油机的高温废气，以废气分配器(3)把接收的高温废气按化学反应环境需求分配至重整制氢反应器和多个储氢单元进行供热，所述储氢单元的工况可在吸附工况和解吸工况之间切换；所述吸附储氢模块中，处于吸附工况的储氢单元(16)对富氢重整气体中的氢气成分进行吸附存储，处于解吸工况的储氢单元(17)释放其存储的氢并向外部设备供氢。A waste heat recovery and utilization system of diesel engine exhaust gas based on methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production, the waste heat recovery and utilization system is provided with a reforming hydrogen production reactor (4) for generating hydrogen-rich reformed gas with methanol steam, and a An adsorption hydrogen storage module with a plurality of hydrogen storage units; the system receives the high-temperature exhaust gas of the diesel engine through the heating gas path, and distributes the received high-temperature exhaust gas to the reforming hydrogen production reaction according to the requirements of the chemical reaction environment by the exhaust gas distributor (3). In the adsorption hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption condition (16 ) to adsorb and store the hydrogen component in the hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and the hydrogen storage unit (17) in the desorption condition releases the hydrogen stored therein and supplies hydrogen to external equipment.
所述柴油机为船用柴油机，所述吸附储氢模块中，处于解吸工况的储氢单元释放的氢气经稳流器(18)进入氢燃料电池(19)，所述氢燃料电池对船舶供电。The diesel engine is a marine diesel engine, and in the adsorption hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage unit in the desorption condition enters the hydrogen fuel cell (19) through the flow stabilizer (18), and the hydrogen fuel cell supplies power to the ship.
所述重整制氢反应器生成的富氢重整气体，经冷却装置(7)、干燥装置(8)输入缓冲罐(10)。The hydrogen-rich reformed gas generated by the reforming hydrogen production reactor is input into a buffer tank (10) through a cooling device (7) and a drying device (8).
所述缓冲罐的输出端处设有气体分配装置a(11)；所述气体分配装置a分别与除杂装置(14)、柴油机进气气路相通；进入柴油机进气气路的富氢重整气体可作为柴油机燃料掺烧；送入除杂装置的富氢重整气体经除杂处理后经气体分配装置b(15)送至吸附储氢模块中处于吸附工况的储氢单元。The output end of the buffer tank is provided with a gas distribution device a (11); the gas distribution device a is communicated with the impurity removal device (14) and the diesel engine intake gas path respectively; the hydrogen-rich heavy weight entering the diesel engine intake gas path The rectified gas can be blended as diesel fuel; the hydrogen-rich reformed gas sent to the impurity removal device is sent to the hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption hydrogen storage module through the gas distribution device b(15) after the impurity removal treatment.
所述除杂装置为活性炭吸附除杂装置；所述储氢单元为采用镁系合金进行储氢；所述供热气路中多余的高温废气经旁通气路排出。The impurity removal device is an activated carbon adsorption impurity removal device; the hydrogen storage unit adopts magnesium alloy for hydrogen storage; the excess high-temperature waste gas in the heating gas path is discharged through the bypass path.
所述重整制氢反应器的输入端经原料泵(6)与重整原料箱(5)相通，输出端处设有冷却装置(7)、干燥装置(8)和流量计b(9)；气体分配装置a经止回阀(12)、阻燃阀(13)与柴油机进气气路的进气管相通；The input end of the reforming hydrogen production reactor is communicated with the reforming raw material tank (5) through the raw material pump (6), and the output end is provided with a cooling device (7), a drying device (8) and a flow meter b (9) ; The gas distribution device a communicates with the intake pipe of the diesel engine intake gas path through the check valve (12) and the flame retardant valve (13);
所述供热气路的输入端与柴油机的排气总管相通；供热气路的输入端处设有流量计a(1)、温度传感器(2)。The input end of the heating air circuit is communicated with the exhaust manifold of the diesel engine; the input end of the heating air circuit is provided with a flow meter a (1) and a temperature sensor (2).
所述余热回收利用系统以PLC执行其系统控制策略，所述系统控制策略中的各功能模块包括柴油机、重整制氢反应器和吸附储氢模块内的各个储氢单元，PLC对重整制氢反应器的原料输入量、作为化学反应热源使用的高温废气输入量进行控制，还对各个储氢单元内作为化学反应热源使用的高温废气输入量进行控制；The waste heat recovery and utilization system uses PLC to implement its system control strategy. Each functional module in the system control strategy includes a diesel engine, a reforming hydrogen production reactor, and each hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption hydrogen storage module. The PLC controls the reforming system. The raw material input of the hydrogen reactor and the input of high-temperature waste gas used as a heat source for chemical reaction are controlled, and the input of high-temperature waste gas used as a heat source for chemical reaction in each hydrogen storage unit is also controlled;
所述系统控制策略中，通过采集柴油机在运行工况中的功率、转速、排气质量流量及排气温度，将运行工况分类归纳，简化为多个参考工况，并根据各参考工况的柴油机排放特性参数来制定控制策略。In the system control strategy, by collecting the power, rotational speed, exhaust mass flow and exhaust temperature of the diesel engine in the operating conditions, the operating conditions are classified and summarized, simplified into multiple reference conditions, and according to each reference condition. The emission characteristic parameters of the diesel engine are used to formulate the control strategy.
所述PLC的控制为比例积分微分调节，通过预设程序，以主动调节和反馈调节的方法实现；The control of the PLC is proportional, integral and differential regulation, which is realized by means of active regulation and feedback regulation through a preset program;
所述主动调节包括以下方法：采集柴油机的运行功率数据，得到其与额定功率的比值，比较该比值与参考工况的差的绝对值，选定与实际运行状况最接近的一个参考工况，并将该选定参考工况作为调控依据，按照预设程序控制原料泵的喷射量，并通过电磁阀对系统中的气体分配进行主动调节，即：控制废气分配器，将废气按选定参考工况下的预设分配方式分配到重整制氢反应器、吸附储氢模块，剩余废气则直接排放；控制气体分配装置a，对重整得到的富氢重整气体进行分配，进入柴油机的部分根据选定参考工况进气量中低于氢气的爆炸下限的标准进行分配，其余的则进入除杂装置以备后用；控制气体分配装置b，对除杂装置处理后的富氢重整气体进行分配，此处将气体全部分配至吸附储氢模块；The active adjustment includes the following methods: collecting the operating power data of the diesel engine, obtaining a ratio between the ratio and the rated power, comparing the absolute value of the difference between the ratio and the reference operating condition, and selecting a reference operating condition that is closest to the actual operating condition, The selected reference working condition is used as the regulation basis, the injection volume of the raw material pump is controlled according to the preset program, and the gas distribution in the system is actively adjusted through the solenoid valve, that is, the exhaust gas distributor is controlled, and the exhaust gas is adjusted according to the selected reference. The preset distribution method under working conditions is distributed to the reforming hydrogen production reactor and the adsorption hydrogen storage module, and the remaining exhaust gas is directly discharged; the gas distribution device a is controlled to distribute the hydrogen-rich reformed gas obtained from the reformation and enter the diesel engine. Part of it is distributed according to the standard that the intake air volume is lower than the lower explosion limit of hydrogen in the selected reference condition, and the rest is sent to the impurity removal device for later use; the gas distribution device b is controlled, and the hydrogen-rich heavy weight after the impurity removal device is processed. The whole gas is distributed, and all the gas is distributed to the adsorption hydrogen storage module here;
所述反馈调节包括以下方法：在主动调节之后，还要根据系统各功能模块的预设温度及实际温度，控制废气分配器进行废气量的反馈调节，即：设置重整制氢反应器的最佳工作温度为520K，调节允许误差为±30K；设置吸附工况的储氢单元的最佳工作温度为450K，调节允许误差为±30K；设置解吸工况的储氢单元的最佳工作温度为500K，调节允许误差为±30K；经预设主动调节后，再将各功能模块处温度传感器反馈的温度与设定温度范围比较，当功能模块的温度高出设定范围时，减少该功能模块的废气通过量来降低温度，当功能模块的温度低于设定范围时，增加该功能模块的废气通过量来提升温度，由此利用PID调节使各模块温度处于设定范围中，保证系统正常工作；The feedback adjustment includes the following methods: after the active adjustment, the exhaust gas distributor is also controlled to perform feedback adjustment of the exhaust gas amount according to the preset temperature and actual temperature of each functional module of the system, that is, setting the maximum value of the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The optimum working temperature is 520K, and the allowable adjustment error is ±30K; the optimum working temperature of the hydrogen storage unit under the adsorption condition is 450K, and the allowable adjustment error is ±30K; the optimum working temperature of the hydrogen storage unit under the desorption condition is 500K, the adjustment allowable error is ±30K; after the preset active adjustment, the temperature fed back by the temperature sensor at each function module is compared with the set temperature range. When the temperature of the function module is higher than the set range, reduce the function module When the temperature of the functional module is lower than the set range, increase the exhaust gas throughput of the functional module to increase the temperature, thereby using PID adjustment to make the temperature of each module within the set range to ensure that the system is normal Work;
所述控制策略使吸附储氢模块处于吸附储氢速率大于解吸放氢速率的工况，设吸附工况的储氢单元为储氢单元A，解吸工况的储氢单元为储氢单元B，若储氢单元A吸附过程完成而储氢单元B解吸过程未完成，则气体分配装置b停止向储氢单元A输入氢气，待储氢单元B的解吸过程完成后，改变储氢单元A、储氢单元B的温度，气体分配装置b改向储氢单元B输入氢气使其工况切换为吸附工况，同时储氢单元A的工况切换为解吸工况。The control strategy makes the adsorption hydrogen storage module in the working condition that the hydrogen storage rate of adsorption is greater than the rate of desorption and desorption. The hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption condition is set as the hydrogen storage unit A, and the hydrogen storage unit in the desorption condition is set as the hydrogen storage unit B. If the adsorption process of the hydrogen storage unit A is completed but the desorption process of the hydrogen storage unit B is not completed, the gas distribution device b stops the input of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage unit A, and after the desorption process of the hydrogen storage unit B is completed, the hydrogen storage unit A, storage The temperature of the hydrogen unit B, the gas distribution device b changes the input of hydrogen to the hydrogen storage unit B to switch the working condition to the adsorption working condition, and at the same time, the working condition of the hydrogen storage unit A is switched to the desorption working condition.
当柴油机运行工况变化时，PLC首先判断运行工况进行主动粗调，使系统各模块能够快速接近与当前柴油机工况匹配的设定值开始运行，然后进行实时的PID反馈细调节，以提高系统效率；When the operating conditions of the diesel engine change, the PLC firstly judges the operating conditions and performs active rough adjustment, so that each module of the system can quickly approach the set value matching the current operating conditions of the diesel engine to start running, and then performs real-time PID feedback fine adjustment to improve the performance. system efficiency;
PLC通过控制吸附储氢模块，使吸附过程间歇运行，解吸过程连续运行，来消除吸附解吸过程的时间差，保证包括氢燃料电池(19)在内的外部用氢装置得到稳定持续的氢气供应。PLC controls the adsorption hydrogen storage module, so that the adsorption process runs intermittently and the desorption process runs continuously, so as to eliminate the time difference of the adsorption and desorption process, and ensure that the external hydrogen devices including the hydrogen fuel cell (19) can obtain stable and continuous hydrogen supply.
所述余热回收利用系统中，各功能模块的设计以废气量q和富氢重整气体量h为依据，具体如公式一所示：In the waste heat recovery and utilization system, the design of each functional module is based on the amount of exhaust gas q and the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas h, as shown in formula 1:
其中，SMSR和SH分别表示重整反应器和储氢装置的设计或处理能力选用规格；q0为柴油机废气质量流量总量，即柴油机运行特定工况下q0已知且恒定的值，q1为重整反应器分配的废气量，q2和q3分别表示用于氢气吸附和解吸装置的废气量，特定工况下q2和q3两者的和为定值，q4为直接排放部分；h0为重整反应器制得的富氢气体总量，h1为进机燃烧的富氢重整气体量，即特定工况下已知且恒定的值，h2为吸附储氢部分的富氢重整气体量；f1为反应器规格与废气量之间的函数关系，f2为储氢装置规格与废气量和储氢量之间的函数关系，f3为反应得到的重整气体量与废气量之间的函数关系，f4为储氢装置处理的富氢重整气体量与该模块废气量之间的函数关系，当反应器和储氢装置类型选定后，函数f1、f2、f3、f4已知；Among them, S MSR and S H represent the design or processing capacity selection specifications of the reforming reactor and the hydrogen storage device, respectively; q 0 is the total mass flow rate of diesel engine exhaust gas, that is, the known and constant value of q 0 under specific operating conditions of the diesel engine , q 1 is the amount of exhaust gas allocated to the reforming reactor, q 2 and q 3 represent the amount of exhaust gas used for hydrogen adsorption and desorption devices, respectively, the sum of q 2 and q 3 is a fixed value under specific conditions, and q 4 is the direct discharge part; h 0 is the total amount of hydrogen-rich gas produced by the reforming reactor, h 1 is the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas fired into the engine, that is, a known and constant value under specific operating conditions, and h 2 is The amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas in the adsorption hydrogen storage part; f 1 is the functional relationship between the reactor specification and the amount of exhaust gas, f 2 is the functional relationship between the specifications of the hydrogen storage device and the amount of exhaust gas and hydrogen storage, and f 3 is The functional relationship between the amount of reformed gas obtained by the reaction and the amount of exhaust gas, f4 is the functional relationship between the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas processed by the hydrogen storage device and the amount of exhaust gas of the module. After determination, the functions f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , f 4 are known;
在柴油机75％负荷的工况下进行余热回收利用系统设计，首先确定反应器和储氢装置类型，然后利用“假设-检验法”，以
在评价余热回收利用系统的指标时，为系统制定余热回收率ηrec和回收余热利用率ηreu两个评价指标，分别如公式二和公式三所示：When evaluating the indicators of the waste heat recovery and utilization system, two evaluation indicators, the waste heat recovery rate η rec and the recovery waste heat utilization rate η reu , are formulated for the system, as shown in
其中，Qin为柴油机排放废气总热量，Qout为经系统回收后排放的废气总热量，此处设系统各部分做保温处理，认为系统绝热，忽略系统各部分的热量损失，Qava为系统得到的可用能量，包括进机燃烧重整气体的热值以及氢燃料电池的输出能量，Win为外界输入系统的能量，主要为维持泵、各电磁阀以及冷却、干燥、除杂装置工作的外界输入能量；Among them, Q in is the total heat of exhaust gas discharged by the diesel engine, Q out is the total heat of exhaust gas discharged after being recovered by the system, and each part of the system is set to be insulated here, the system is considered adiabatic, and the heat loss of each part of the system is ignored, Q ava is the system The available energy obtained includes the calorific value of the incoming combustion reformed gas and the output energy of the hydrogen fuel cell. W in is the energy input to the system from the outside, which is mainly used to maintain the pump, each solenoid valve and the cooling, drying and impurity removal devices. external energy input;
设系统绝热，故ηrec比实际值偏高，ηreu比实际值偏低，则两个评价指标的数值越大，则说明系统的余热回收利用能力越强，系统越高效。Assuming that the system is adiabatic, η rec is higher than the actual value, and η reu is lower than the actual value. The larger the values of the two evaluation indicators, the stronger the waste heat recovery and utilization ability of the system, and the more efficient the system is.
本发明所述方案，能将柴油机的废气合理分配至重整反应模块、吸附储氢模块以及解吸放氢模块，使各模块的温度处于所需要的范围内，保证各模块正常工作、相互协调，在保证船舶安全的基础上，最大限度回收利用船舶废气余热，减少船舶能耗，降低船舶运营成本，达到所要求的运营能效指标。The solution of the invention can reasonably distribute the exhaust gas of the diesel engine to the reforming reaction module, the adsorption hydrogen storage module and the desorption hydrogen module, so that the temperature of each module is within the required range, and the normal operation and coordination of each module are ensured. On the basis of ensuring the safety of the ship, the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the ship is recycled to the maximum extent, the energy consumption of the ship is reduced, the operation cost of the ship is reduced, and the required operation energy efficiency index is achieved.
相较于传统余热回收技术，本发明的突出优点还在于：1.利用船舶发动机废气余热重整制氢，减少废气余热浪费；2.重整气用于发动机进机掺烧，改善发动机燃烧性能，降低油耗率，改善排放；3.重整气用于氢燃料电池为船舶辅助供电，提高装置能量综合利用效率，改善船舶运营的能效指数；4.本发明采用金属氢化物固态氢源为质子交换膜氢燃料电池供氢的能量利用方式，具有结构紧凑、供氢压力低、运行安全等优势。Compared with the traditional waste heat recovery technology, the outstanding advantages of the present invention are: 1. Utilize the waste heat of marine engine exhaust gas to reform hydrogen to reduce waste heat waste; 2. The reformed gas is used for blending into the engine to improve the combustion performance of the engine , reduce fuel consumption and improve emissions; 3. The reformed gas is used for hydrogen fuel cells to provide auxiliary power for ships, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of device energy, and improve the energy efficiency index of ship operation; 4. The present invention uses metal hydride solid hydrogen source as proton The energy utilization method of hydrogen supply by exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell has the advantages of compact structure, low hydrogen supply pressure and safe operation.
本发明所述方案，按照发动机稳定运行的最大排气量设计重整反应器、匹配吸附储氢装置和燃料电池等，并设计各部分间的调控策略，通过系统设计，对重整制氢、吸附储氢以及氢气解吸等问题进行解决，尤其是解决各部分适宜温度的问题，在本发明中，船用柴油机的废气排放温度为500-700K，甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的反应温度范围为450-600K，若选用镁系储氢合金作为储氢材料，则氢气的吸附的温度范围为400-500K，氢气的解吸温度范围为450-550K。由此可知，本发明适用的柴油机废气温度范围覆盖了甲醇蒸汽重整制氢反应、镁系合金吸附储氢和解吸放氢的温度范围，本发明通过合理的系统设计及控制策略设计，能实现柴油机高温废气余热回收及综合利用。According to the scheme of the present invention, the reforming reactor, the matching adsorption hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell are designed according to the maximum exhaust volume of the stable operation of the engine, and the regulation strategy between each part is designed. The problems of adsorption hydrogen storage and hydrogen desorption are solved, especially the problem of suitable temperature of each part. In the present invention, the exhaust gas discharge temperature of marine diesel engine is 500-700K, and the reaction temperature range of methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production is 450K -600K, if magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy is selected as hydrogen storage material, the temperature range of hydrogen adsorption is 400-500K, and the temperature range of hydrogen desorption is 450-550K. It can be seen from this that the applicable temperature range of the diesel engine exhaust gas of the present invention covers the temperature range of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reaction, the adsorption and storage of magnesium alloys, and the desorption and desorption of hydrogen. Diesel engine high temperature exhaust heat recovery and comprehensive utilization.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细的说明：The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
附图1是本发明的系统总成设计示意图；Accompanying drawing 1 is the system assembly design schematic diagram of the present invention;
附图2是本发明的系统控制策略示意图；Accompanying drawing 2 is the system control strategy schematic diagram of the present invention;
附图3是本发明所述系统的系统能量利用示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the system energy utilization of the system according to the present invention;
图中：1-流量计a；2-温度传感器；3-废气分配器；4-重整制氢反应器；5-重整原料箱；6-原料泵；7-冷却装置；8－干燥装置；9-流量计b；10-缓冲罐；11-气体分配装置a；12-止回阀；13-阻燃阀；14-除杂装置；15-气体分配装置b；16-处于吸附工况的储氢单元；17-处于解吸工况的储氢单元；18-稳流器；19-氢燃料电池。In the figure: 1-flow meter a; 2-temperature sensor; 3-exhaust gas distributor; 4-reforming hydrogen production reactor; 5-reforming raw material tank; 6-raw material pump; 7-cooling device; 8-drying device ; 9- flowmeter b; 10- buffer tank; 11- gas distribution device a; 12- check valve; 13- flame retardant valve; 14- impurity removal device; 15- gas distribution device b; 16- in adsorption condition 17-Hydrogen storage unit in desorption condition; 18-Stabilizer; 19-Hydrogen fuel cell.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图所示，基于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢的柴油机废气余热回收利用系统，所述余热回收利用系统内设有以甲醇水蒸汽生成富氢重整气体的重整制氢反应器4，还设有带有多个储氢单元的吸附储氢模块；所述系统以供热气路接收柴油机的高温废气，以废气分配器3把接收的高温废气按化学反应环境需求分配至重整制氢反应器和多个储氢单元进行供热，所述储氢单元的工况可在吸附工况和解吸工况之间切换；所述吸附储氢模块中，处于吸附工况的储氢单元16对富氢重整气体中的氢气成分进行吸附存储，处于解吸工况的储氢单元17释放其存储的氢并向外部设备供氢。As shown in the figure, a diesel engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and utilization system based on methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production, the waste heat recovery and utilization system is provided with a reforming hydrogen production reactor 4 for generating hydrogen-rich reformed gas with methanol steam, and also There is an adsorption hydrogen storage module with multiple hydrogen storage units; the system receives the high-temperature exhaust gas of the diesel engine through the heating gas path, and uses the
所述柴油机为船用柴油机，所述吸附储氢模块中，处于解吸工况的储氢单元释放的氢气经稳流器18进入氢燃料电池19，所述氢燃料电池对船舶供电。The diesel engine is a marine diesel engine. In the adsorption hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage unit in the desorption condition enters the
所述重整制氢反应器生成的富氢重整气体，经冷却装置7、干燥装置8输入缓冲罐10。The hydrogen-rich reformed gas generated by the reforming hydrogen production reactor is input to the buffer tank 10 through the
所述缓冲罐的输出端处设有气体分配装置a11；所述气体分配装置a分别与除杂装置14、柴油机进气气路相通；进入柴油机进气气路的富氢重整气体可作为柴油机燃料掺烧；送入除杂装置的富氢重整气体经除杂处理后经气体分配装置b15送至吸附储氢模块中处于吸附工况的储氢单元。The output end of the buffer tank is provided with a gas distribution device a11; the gas distribution device a is communicated with the
所述除杂装置为活性炭吸附除杂装置；所述储氢单元为采用镁系合金进行储氢；所述供热气路中多余的高温废气经旁通气路排出。The impurity removal device is an activated carbon adsorption impurity removal device; the hydrogen storage unit adopts magnesium alloy for hydrogen storage; the excess high-temperature waste gas in the heating gas path is discharged through the bypass path.
所述重整制氢反应器的输入端经原料泵6与重整原料箱5相通，输出端处设有冷却装置7、干燥装置8和流量计b9；气体分配装置a经止回阀12、阻燃阀13与柴油机进气气路的进气管相通；The input end of the reforming hydrogen production reactor is communicated with the reforming
所述供热气路的输入端与柴油机的排气总管相通；供热气路的输入端处设有流量计a1、温度传感器2。The input end of the heating air circuit is communicated with the exhaust manifold of the diesel engine; the input end of the heating air circuit is provided with a flow meter a1 and a
所述余热回收利用系统以PLC执行其系统控制策略，所述系统控制策略中的各功能模块包括柴油机、重整制氢反应器和吸附储氢模块内的各个储氢单元，PLC对重整制氢反应器的原料输入量、作为化学反应热源使用的高温废气输入量进行控制，还对各个储氢单元内作为化学反应热源使用的高温废气输入量进行控制；The waste heat recovery and utilization system uses PLC to implement its system control strategy. Each functional module in the system control strategy includes a diesel engine, a reforming hydrogen production reactor, and each hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption hydrogen storage module. The PLC controls the reforming system. The raw material input of the hydrogen reactor and the input of high-temperature waste gas used as a heat source for chemical reaction are controlled, and the input of high-temperature waste gas used as a heat source for chemical reaction in each hydrogen storage unit is also controlled;
所述系统控制策略中，通过采集柴油机在运行工况中的功率、转速、排气质量流量及排气温度，将运行工况分类归纳，简化为多个参考工况，并根据各参考工况的柴油机排放特性参数来制定控制策略。In the system control strategy, by collecting the power, rotational speed, exhaust mass flow and exhaust temperature of the diesel engine in the operating conditions, the operating conditions are classified and summarized, simplified into multiple reference conditions, and according to each reference condition. The emission characteristic parameters of the diesel engine are used to formulate the control strategy.
所述PLC的控制为比例积分微分调节，通过预设程序，以主动调节和反馈调节的方法实现；The control of the PLC is proportional, integral and differential regulation, which is realized by means of active regulation and feedback regulation through a preset program;
所述主动调节包括以下方法：采集柴油机的运行功率数据，得到其与额定功率的比值，比较该比值与参考工况的差的绝对值，选定与实际运行状况最接近的一个参考工况，并将该选定参考工况作为调控依据，按照预设程序控制原料泵的喷射量，并通过电磁阀对系统中的气体分配进行主动调节，即：控制废气分配器，将废气按选定参考工况下的预设分配方式分配到重整制氢反应器、吸附储氢模块，剩余废气则直接排放；控制气体分配装置a，对重整得到的富氢重整气体进行分配，进入柴油机的部分根据选定参考工况进气量中低于氢气的爆炸下限的标准进行分配，其余的则进入除杂装置以备后用；控制气体分配装置b，对除杂装置处理后的富氢重整气体进行分配，此处将气体全部分配至吸附储氢模块；The active adjustment includes the following methods: collecting the operating power data of the diesel engine, obtaining a ratio between the ratio and the rated power, comparing the absolute value of the difference between the ratio and the reference operating condition, and selecting a reference operating condition that is closest to the actual operating condition, The selected reference working condition is used as the regulation basis, the injection volume of the raw material pump is controlled according to the preset program, and the gas distribution in the system is actively adjusted through the solenoid valve, that is, the exhaust gas distributor is controlled, and the exhaust gas is adjusted according to the selected reference. The preset distribution method under working conditions is distributed to the reforming hydrogen production reactor and the adsorption hydrogen storage module, and the remaining exhaust gas is directly discharged; the gas distribution device a is controlled to distribute the hydrogen-rich reformed gas obtained from the reformation and enter the diesel engine. Part of it is distributed according to the standard that the intake air volume is lower than the lower explosion limit of hydrogen in the selected reference condition, and the rest is sent to the impurity removal device for later use; the gas distribution device b is controlled, and the hydrogen-rich heavy weight after the impurity removal device is processed. The whole gas is distributed, and all the gas is distributed to the adsorption hydrogen storage module here;
所述反馈调节包括以下方法：在主动调节之后，还要根据系统各功能模块的预设温度及实际温度，控制废气分配器进行废气量的反馈调节，即：设置重整制氢反应器的最佳工作温度为520K，调节允许误差为±30K；设置吸附工况的储氢单元的最佳工作温度为450K，调节允许误差为±30K；设置解吸工况的储氢单元的最佳工作温度为500K，调节允许误差为±30K；经预设主动调节后，再将各功能模块处温度传感器反馈的温度与设定温度范围比较，当功能模块的温度高出设定范围时，减少该功能模块的废气通过量来降低温度，当功能模块的温度低于设定范围时，增加该功能模块的废气通过量来提升温度，由此利用PID调节使各模块温度处于设定范围中，保证系统正常工作；The feedback adjustment includes the following methods: after the active adjustment, the exhaust gas distributor is also controlled to perform feedback adjustment of the exhaust gas amount according to the preset temperature and actual temperature of each functional module of the system, namely: setting the maximum value of the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The optimum working temperature is 520K, and the allowable adjustment error is ±30K; the optimum working temperature of the hydrogen storage unit under the adsorption condition is 450K, and the allowable adjustment error is ±30K; the optimum working temperature of the hydrogen storage unit under the desorption condition is 500K, the allowable adjustment error is ±30K; after the preset active adjustment, compare the temperature fed back by the temperature sensor at each functional module with the set temperature range, when the temperature of the functional module is higher than the set range, reduce the function module When the temperature of the functional module is lower than the set range, increase the exhaust gas throughput of the functional module to increase the temperature, thereby using PID adjustment to make the temperature of each module within the set range to ensure that the system is normal Work;
所述控制策略使吸附储氢模块处于吸附储氢速率大于解吸放氢速率的工况，设吸附工况的储氢单元为储氢单元A，解吸工况的储氢单元为储氢单元B，若储氢单元A吸附过程完成而储氢单元B解吸过程未完成，则气体分配装置b停止向储氢单元A输入氢气，待储氢单元B的解吸过程完成后，改变储氢单元A、储氢单元B的温度，气体分配装置b改向储氢单元B输入氢气使其工况切换为吸附工况，同时储氢单元A的工况切换为解吸工况。The control strategy makes the adsorption hydrogen storage module in the working condition that the hydrogen storage rate of adsorption is greater than the rate of desorption and desorption. The hydrogen storage unit in the adsorption condition is set as the hydrogen storage unit A, and the hydrogen storage unit in the desorption condition is set as the hydrogen storage unit B. If the adsorption process of the hydrogen storage unit A is completed but the desorption process of the hydrogen storage unit B is not completed, the gas distribution device b stops the input of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage unit A, and after the desorption process of the hydrogen storage unit B is completed, the hydrogen storage unit A, storage The temperature of the hydrogen unit B, the gas distribution device b changes the input of hydrogen to the hydrogen storage unit B to switch the working condition to the adsorption working condition, and at the same time, the working condition of the hydrogen storage unit A is switched to the desorption working condition.
当柴油机运行工况变化时，PLC首先判断运行工况进行主动粗调，使系统各模块能够快速接近与当前柴油机工况匹配的设定值开始运行，然后进行实时的PID反馈细调节，以提高系统效率；When the operating conditions of the diesel engine change, the PLC firstly judges the operating conditions and performs active rough adjustment, so that each module of the system can quickly approach the set value matching the current operating conditions of the diesel engine to start running, and then performs real-time PID feedback fine adjustment to improve the performance. system efficiency;
PLC通过控制吸附储氢模块，使吸附过程间歇运行，解吸过程连续运行，来消除吸附解吸过程的时间差，保证包括氢燃料电池19在内的外部用氢装置得到稳定持续的氢气供应。PLC controls the adsorption hydrogen storage module, so that the adsorption process runs intermittently and the desorption process runs continuously to eliminate the time difference between the adsorption and desorption processes and ensure that the external hydrogen devices including the
所述余热回收利用系统中，各功能模块的设计以废气量q和富氢重整气体量h为依据，具体如公式一所示：In the waste heat recovery and utilization system, the design of each functional module is based on the amount of exhaust gas q and the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas h, as shown in formula 1:
其中，SMSR和SH分别表示重整反应器和储氢装置的设计或处理能力选用规格；q0为柴油机废气质量流量总量，即柴油机运行特定工况下q0已知且恒定的值，q1为重整反应器分配的废气量，q2和q3分别表示用于氢气吸附和解吸装置的废气量，特定工况下q2和q3两者的和为定值，q4为直接排放部分；h0为重整反应器制得的富氢气体总量，h1为进机燃烧的富氢重整气体量，即特定工况下已知且恒定的值，h2为吸附储氢部分的富氢重整气体量；f1为反应器规格与废气量之间的函数关系，f2为储氢装置规格与废气量和储氢量之间的函数关系，f3为反应得到的重整气体量与废气量之间的函数关系，f4为储氢装置处理的富氢重整气体量与该模块废气量之间的函数关系，当反应器和储氢装置类型选定后，函数f1、f2、f3、f4已知；Among them, S MSR and S H represent the design or processing capacity selection specifications of the reforming reactor and the hydrogen storage device, respectively; q 0 is the total mass flow rate of diesel engine exhaust gas, that is, the known and constant value of q 0 under specific operating conditions of the diesel engine , q 1 is the amount of exhaust gas allocated to the reforming reactor, q 2 and q 3 represent the amount of exhaust gas used for hydrogen adsorption and desorption devices, respectively, the sum of q 2 and q 3 is a fixed value under specific conditions, and q 4 is the direct discharge part; h 0 is the total amount of hydrogen-rich gas produced by the reforming reactor, h 1 is the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas fired into the engine, that is, a known and constant value under specific operating conditions, and h 2 is The amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas in the adsorption hydrogen storage part; f 1 is the functional relationship between the reactor specification and the amount of exhaust gas, f 2 is the functional relationship between the specifications of the hydrogen storage device and the amount of exhaust gas and hydrogen storage, and f 3 is The functional relationship between the amount of reformed gas obtained by the reaction and the amount of exhaust gas, f4 is the functional relationship between the amount of hydrogen-rich reformed gas processed by the hydrogen storage device and the amount of exhaust gas of the module. After determination, the functions f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , f 4 are known;
在柴油机75％负荷的工况下进行余热回收利用系统设计，首先确定反应器和储氢装置类型，然后利用“假设-检验法”，以
在评价余热回收利用系统的指标时，为系统制定余热回收率ηrec和回收余热利用率ηreu两个评价指标，分别如公式二和公式三所示：When evaluating the indicators of the waste heat recovery and utilization system, two evaluation indicators, the waste heat recovery rate η rec and the recovery waste heat utilization rate η reu , are formulated for the system, as shown in
其中，Qin为柴油机排放废气总热量，Qout为经系统回收后排放的废气总热量，此处设系统各部分做保温处理，认为系统绝热，忽略系统各部分的热量损失，Qava为系统得到的可用能量，包括进机燃烧重整气体的热值以及氢燃料电池的输出能量，Win为外界输入系统的能量，主要为维持泵、各电磁阀以及冷却、干燥、除杂装置工作的外界输入能量；Among them, Q in is the total heat of exhaust gas discharged by the diesel engine, Q out is the total heat of exhaust gas discharged after being recovered by the system, and each part of the system is set to be insulated here, the system is considered adiabatic, and the heat loss of each part of the system is ignored, Q ava is the system The available energy obtained includes the calorific value of the incoming combustion reformed gas and the output energy of the hydrogen fuel cell. W in is the energy input to the system from the outside, which is mainly used to maintain the pump, each solenoid valve and the cooling, drying and impurity removal devices. external energy input;
设系统绝热，故ηrec比实际值偏高，ηreu比实际值偏低，则两个评价指标的数值越大，则说明系统的余热回收利用能力越强，系统越高效。Assuming that the system is adiabatic, η rec is higher than the actual value, and η reu is lower than the actual value. The larger the values of the two evaluation indicators, the stronger the waste heat recovery and utilization ability of the system, and the more efficient the system is.
实施例：Example:
在本例中，船用柴油机的废气排放温度为500-700K，甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的反应温度范围为450-600K，若选用镁系储氢合金作为储氢材料，则氢气的吸附的温度范围为400-500K，氢气的解吸温度范围为450-550K。In this example, the exhaust gas discharge temperature of the marine diesel engine is 500-700K, and the reaction temperature range of methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production is 450-600K. If magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy is selected as the hydrogen storage material, the adsorption temperature of hydrogen The range is 400-500K, and the hydrogen desorption temperature range is 450-550K.
船舶柴油机排出的废气被气体分配装置分成四路(由电磁阀控制)，分别进入重整反应器、吸附储氢装置a和b为反应和氢气的吸附解吸提供热量，剩余的废气则旁通排大气。此时重整反应器内甲醇与水的混合蒸气发生反应生成富氢重整气体，该气体经过冷却(冷却装置7)、干燥(干燥装置8)处理后，进入缓冲罐，之后再由气体分配器a(根据柴油机进气量来调节重整气的分配)被分为两路，一路经由进气管进入柴油机掺烧，另一路则进入活性炭吸附除杂装置，主要祛除重整气体中对镁系储氢材料以及氢燃料电池电极有不利影响的CO等杂质气体，除杂后的富氢气体被分配(气体分配器b15)到a、b两个储氢装置进行储存，储存的氢气解吸后经过稳流器(18)即可进入氢燃料电池等(19)，为船舶辅助供电。The exhaust gas discharged from the marine diesel engine is divided into four paths by the gas distribution device (controlled by the solenoid valve), and enters the reforming reactor, the adsorption hydrogen storage device a and b respectively to provide heat for the reaction and hydrogen adsorption and desorption, and the remaining exhaust gas is bypassed and discharged. atmosphere. At this time, the mixed vapor of methanol and water in the reforming reactor reacts to generate hydrogen-rich reformed gas, which is cooled (cooling device 7) and dried (drying device 8) and then enters the buffer tank, and then is distributed by the gas Device a (which adjusts the distribution of reformed gas according to the intake air volume of the diesel engine) is divided into two paths, one enters the diesel engine mixing and burning through the intake pipe, and the other enters the activated carbon adsorption and impurity removal device, which mainly removes the magnesium system in the reformed gas. The hydrogen storage material and the impurity gas such as CO that have an adverse effect on the hydrogen fuel cell electrode, the hydrogen-rich gas after impurity removal is distributed (gas distributor b15) to the two hydrogen storage devices a and b for storage. The stored hydrogen is desorbed and passed through. The current stabilizer (18) can enter the hydrogen fuel cell etc. (19) to provide auxiliary power for the ship.
本例中，氢气的吸附和解吸不是同时进行，通过两个吸附储氢装置吸附和解吸交替运行，即装置a吸附时装置b处于解吸状态，反之亦然。从而保证为燃料电池提供稳定、持续的氢气源。In this example, the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen are not carried out at the same time, and the adsorption and desorption are alternately operated by two adsorption hydrogen storage devices, that is, the device b is in the desorption state when the device a is adsorbing, and vice versa. Thereby ensuring a stable and continuous hydrogen source for the fuel cell.
本例中，系统控制策略将整个控制系统分为信号层、调控层和功能层。其中信号层是指系统所监控并得到的主要运行参数，为具体调控措施的实施提供依据，其中主要涉及到对发动机功率的监控，得到功率参数以确定发动机实际运行工况；对各功能模块的温度参数的监控，得到温度参数已确定具体的控制策略。调控层是指具体控制策略的执行机构，本系统中主要涉及的是原料泵和各电磁阀。功能层是指系统中制氢、储氢等功能模块，其温度信号同时又是信号层的获取信号。In this example, the system control strategy divides the entire control system into signal layer, regulation layer and function layer. The signal layer refers to the main operating parameters monitored and obtained by the system, which provides the basis for the implementation of specific control measures, which mainly involves the monitoring of engine power, and the power parameters are obtained to determine the actual operating conditions of the engine; Monitoring of temperature parameters, the temperature parameters have been determined to determine the specific control strategy. The control layer refers to the implementing agency of the specific control strategy, and this system mainly involves the raw material pump and each solenoid valve. The functional layer refers to functional modules such as hydrogen production and hydrogen storage in the system, and its temperature signal is also the acquisition signal of the signal layer.
本例的系统控制策略在设计时，使船舶柴油机在实际运行工况下，通过采集柴油机功率、转速、排气质量流量及排气温度等运行数据，将复杂的运行状况简化为几个具有代表性的工况点，如推进特性下的怠速、25％、50％、75％、100％五个工况点作为“参考工况”，并根据这五个工况点的排放特性参数来制定控制策略。The system control strategy of this example is designed to simplify the complex operating conditions into several representative operating conditions by collecting operating data such as diesel engine power, rotational speed, exhaust gas mass flow, and exhaust gas temperature under the actual operating conditions of the marine diesel engine. The characteristic operating points, such as idle speed, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% under the propulsion characteristics, are used as "reference operating conditions", and are formulated according to the emission characteristic parameters of these five operating points. Control Strategy.
本例中，由于氢气吸附反应和氢气解吸反应中伴随对热量的吸收和释放，所以需根据贮氢装置的具体温度，对供热废气的输入量进行灵活调节。In this example, since the hydrogen adsorption reaction and the hydrogen desorption reaction are accompanied by the absorption and release of heat, the input amount of the heating exhaust gas needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the specific temperature of the hydrogen storage device.
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| CN115452390A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-12-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Combustion test bench for hydrogen production from methanol into engine by utilizing waste heat of engine exhaust gas |
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