CN112899588A - Enhanced composite aluminum-based material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Enhanced composite aluminum-based material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an enhanced composite aluminum-based material, which consists of a Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3 enhanced phase and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the enhanced phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 1.5-5.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition: cu is 3.8-4.6 wt%; mg accounts for 1.2 to 1.5 weight percent; si is 0.4-0.7 wt%; ni is 0.4-0.55 wt%; fe is 0.4-0.6 wt%; the balance is Al, in order to meet the requirement of higher strength of the aluminum-based material, the fibrous ceramic is used as the reinforcing material to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, compared with the conventional fiber, the short fiber adopted in the invention has the advantages of less defects and low cost, and the fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning has larger length-diameter ratio, specific surface area and excellent mechanical property, and has better reinforcing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance aluminum alloy composite materials, in particular to an enhanced composite aluminum-based material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, it is desired to obtain materials with more excellent properties. In many fields, the traditional materials are increasingly unable to meet the use requirements of modern industries, which makes the materials more and more interesting for researchers. The composite material is a multiphase solid material, usually two or more than two substances with different physical and chemical properties are combined together, and due to the interaction among the components, the comprehensive performance of the composite material is not the simple addition of the performances of the components, but the composite material has the excellent performances of the components and even has new performances which are not possessed by a single material, so that the defect of the performance of the single material is improved.
The metal matrix composite is one of more composite materials, has the characteristics of excellent ductility, wear resistance, heat resistance, high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, is widely applied in various industrial fields of aerospace, machinery, automobiles, electronics and the like, and becomes an advanced material which is enthusiastic in development at home and abroad. The aluminum matrix composite has been studied and widely used in a large number because of its advantages of low density, light weight, high specific strength, good wear and corrosion resistance, etc. However, the performance requirements of some industries on the aluminum matrix composite material are gradually improved, and the traditional aluminum matrix composite material is hard to meet. The traditional aluminum matrix composite material takes carbon fiber, silicon carbide and other materials as reinforcing phases, the carbon fiber, the silicon carbide and other materials have certain defectivity, and the reinforcing effect on the performance of the aluminum matrix composite material is general.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide an enhanced composite aluminum-based material, which improves the mechanical property of an aluminum alloy material by adding composite short fibers.
The technical scheme is as follows: a reinforced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 1.5-5.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 3.8-4.6 wt%;
mg accounts for 1.2 to 1.5 weight percent;
si is 0.4-0.7 wt%;
ni is 0.4-0.55 wt%;
fe is 0.4-0.6 wt%;
the balance being Al.
Preferably, the preparation method of the reinforcing phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene of 1.2-1.5g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-60min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: adopting a needle head with the inner diameter of 0.8-1.2mm, the voltage is 12-25kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 15-25cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 20-40 ul/min;
s4, placing the composite fiber prepared in the step into a drying oven with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for curing for 20-50h, then placing the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and performing vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2Preparation of O3 composite nanofiber.
Preferably, the vacuum sintering manner in step S4 is: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
The preparation method of the reinforced composite aluminum-based material comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3After the composite fiber is chopped, the chopped composite fiber is added into an alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the agglomerated fiber is opened, aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass is added, ultrasonic treatment is continued for a certain time, mechanical stirring is carried out while the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, and the filtered mixed powder is dried in vacuum to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3Mixed powder with composite nanometer fiber dispersed homogeneously;
and S2, carrying out cold press molding on the mixed powder, and then carrying out vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Preferably, the length of the composite fiber is less than 0.05 mm.
Preferably, the pressure of the cold pressing is 650-800MPa, and the holding time is 1-2 min.
Preferably, the vacuum hot pressing temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h.
Preferably, the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h +470 ℃ for 2h +480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5 h.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the following advantages:
1. in order to meet the requirement of higher strength of an aluminum-based material, the fibrous ceramic is used as a reinforcing material to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, compared with the conventional fiber, the short fiber adopted in the invention has the advantages of less defects and low cost, and the fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning has larger length-diameter ratio, specific surface area and excellent mechanical property and has better reinforcing effect;
2. the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be improved only by adding the single fiber, and the composite reinforcing phase is added in the invention, so that the tensile resistance and the elongation are superior to those of the single fiber;
3. according to the invention, the rare earth doped SiC coated alumina fiber is adopted, and the fiber is a composite nano short fiber with a core-shell structure, has few defects and a large specific surface area, is beneficial to better combination between matrixes, and introduces a certain content of C as the material is sintered on a graphite crucible;
4. Ce-C-SiC @ Al used in the present study2O3The nano short fiber is a nano fiber with a core-shell structure, Ce-C-SiC and Al2O3The tensile strength of the two materials is obviously different, and under the action of external force, Al in the inner part is2O3And external Ce-C-SiC can move relatively, so that the shearing stress between the short fiber and the matrix in the drawing process is increased, the drawing-out of the short nano fiber can be delayed, the short nano fiber can block the crack from expanding, more energy is consumed, and the tensile strength is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the internal Al content under the action of external force2O3And external Ce-C-SiC, wherein 1 is Ce-C-SiC and 2 is Al2O3。
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Ce-C-SiC@Al2O3The preparation method of the reinforced phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene being 1.2g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: a needle head with the inner diameter of 0.8mm is adopted, the voltage is 12kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 15cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 20 ul/min;
s4, putting the composite fiber prepared in the step into an oven with the temperature of 100 ℃ for curing for 50h, then putting the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and carrying out vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The preparation of the composite nanofiber comprises the following steps of: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
Example 2
Ce-C-SiC@Al2O3The preparation method of the reinforced phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene being 1.5g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 60min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: a needle head with the inner diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the voltage is 25kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 25cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 40 ul/min;
s4, putting the composite fiber prepared in the step into a drying oven with the temperature of 120 ℃ for curing for 20 hours, then putting the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and carrying out vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3Preparation of composite nanofibersWherein the vacuum sintering mode is as follows: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
Example 3
Ce-C-SiC@Al2O3The preparation method of the reinforced phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene being 1.25g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: a needle head with the inner diameter of 1.0mm is adopted, the voltage is 15kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 18cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 28 ul/min;
s4, placing the composite fiber prepared in the step into a drying oven at 105 ℃ for curing for 40h, then placing the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and performing vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The preparation of the composite nanofiber comprises the following steps of: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
Example 4
Ce-C-SiC@Al2O3The preparation method of the reinforced phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene being 1.35g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 50min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: a needle head with the inner diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, the voltage is 20kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 20cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 35 ul/min;
s4, putting the composite fiber prepared in the step into an oven at 115 ℃ for curing for 30h, then putting the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and carrying out vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The preparation of the composite nanofiber comprises the following steps of: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
In order to confirm that the composite material produced as described above contains C, the composite fiber prepared in the examples was added to a reactor, and a certain proportion of water was added to react under stirring, a slight hydrolysis reaction occurred, many small bubbles were generated at the place where solid-liquid contact was made, and a smell similar to acetylene was emitted with heat generation, indicating that the composite fiber contains free C.
Example 5
A reinforced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 1.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 3.8 wt%;
mg is 1.5 wt%;
si is 0.4 wt%;
ni is 0.55 wt%;
fe is 0.4 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3After the composite fiber is chopped, the chopped composite fiber is added into an alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the agglomerated fiber is opened, aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass is added, ultrasonic treatment is continued for a certain time, mechanical stirring is carried out while the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, and the filtered mixed powder is dried in vacuum to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The composite nano-fiber is uniformly dispersed mixed powder, and the length of the composite fiber is less than 0.05 mm;
s2, carrying out cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 800MPa, the holding time is 2min, and then carrying out vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 2 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Example 6
A reinforced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 5.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 4.6 wt%;
mg is 1.2 wt%;
si is 0.7 wt%;
ni is 0.4 wt%;
fe is 0.6 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3After the composite fiber is chopped, the chopped composite fiber is added into an alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the agglomerated fiber is opened, aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass is added, ultrasonic treatment is continued for a certain time, mechanical stirring is carried out while the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, and the filtered mixed powder is dried in vacuum to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The composite nano-fiber is uniformly dispersed mixed powder, and the length of the composite fiber is less than 0.05 mm;
s2, performing cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 650MPa, the holding time is 1min, and then performing vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃ and the time is 4 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Example 7
A reinforced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 2.6: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 4.1 wt%;
mg is 1.5 wt%;
si is 0.55 wt%;
ni is 0.52 wt%;
fe is 0.55 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3After the composite fiber is chopped, the chopped composite fiber is added into an alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the agglomerated fiber is opened, aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass is added, ultrasonic treatment is continued for a certain time, mechanical stirring is carried out while the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, and the filtered mixed powder is dried in vacuum to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The mixed powder is formed by uniformly dispersing composite nano fibers, wherein the length of the composite fibers is less than 0.05 mm;
s2, carrying out cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 750MPa, the holding time is 1min, and then carrying out vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 2.5 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Example 8
A reinforced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 4.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 4.4 wt%;
mg is 1.3 wt%;
si is 0.65 wt%;
ni is 0.44 wt%;
fe is 0.51 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3Chopping the composite fiber, adding into alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersing to open the agglomerated fiber, and adding corresponding substancesContinuously carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the aluminum alloy matrix powder for a certain time, simultaneously assisting with mechanical stirring, filtering the mixed powder, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3The mixed powder is formed by uniformly dispersing composite nano fibers, wherein the length of the composite fibers is less than 0.05 mm;
s2, performing cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 700MPa, the holding time is 2min, and then performing vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃ and the time is 3.5 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Comparative example 1
An enhanced composite aluminum-based material is prepared from nano SiC and Al2O3The aluminum alloy composite material consists of a mixed reinforcing phase and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 4.5: 100, the SiC and Al2O3The mass ratio of (1) to (1), wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components:
cu is 4.4 wt%;
mg is 1.3 wt%;
si is 0.65 wt%;
ni is 0.48 wt%;
fe is 0.51 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing SiC with Al2O3Adding the mixed reinforcing phase into an alcohol medium, performing ultrasonic dispersion to open agglomerated fibers, adding aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass, performing ultrasonic treatment for a certain time while assisting mechanical stirring, filtering the mixed powder, and performing vacuum drying to obtain SiC and Al2O3Mixing the mixed powder with the reinforcing phase uniformly dispersed;
s2, carrying out cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 750MPa, the holding time is 2min, and then carrying out vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 3.5 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Comparative example 2
A reinforced composite aluminum-based material, which consists of a nano SiC fiber reinforced phase and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforced phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 4.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 4.7 wt%;
mg is 1.3 wt%;
si is 0.65 wt%;
ni is 0.44 wt%;
fe is 0.55 wt%;
the balance of Al;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the nano SiC fibers into an alcohol medium, performing ultrasonic dispersion to open the agglomerated fibers, adding aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass, continuing performing ultrasonic treatment for a certain time while assisting mechanical stirring, filtering the mixed powder, and performing vacuum drying to obtain SiC and Al2O3Mixing the mixed powder with the reinforcing phase uniformly dispersed;
s2, performing cold press molding on the mixed powder, wherein the cold press pressure is 700MPa, the holding time is 2min, and then performing vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment, wherein the vacuum hot press temperature is 450 ℃ and the time is 3.5 h; the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5h to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
Comparative example 3
The data in comparative example 3 are the same as in example 8, except that the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 6.5: 100.
experiment: the aluminum alloy composite materials of examples 5 to 8 of the present invention were subjected to performance tests (national standards) at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the results are shown in table 1, compared with the comparative examples.
TABLE 1 mechanical Property test results
| Tensile strength (Mpa) | Elongation (%) | |
| Example 5 | 299 | 3.7 |
| Example 6 | 287 | 3.6 |
| Example 7 | 304 | 3.9 |
| Example 8 | 317 | 4.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 258 | 1.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 250 | 1.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 261 | 2.3 |
As can be seen from Table 1 above, a certain amount of Ce-C-SiC @ Al is added2O3The composite fiber reinforced phase is beneficial to improving the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy, and when the nano powder or the single-component fiber is added alone, the reinforcing and toughening effects are far inferior to those of the Ce-C-SiC @ Al in the invention2O3And (3) compounding the fibers.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reinforced composite aluminum-based material, which is characterized by consisting of a Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3 reinforcing phase and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy matrix is 1.5-5.5: 100, the aluminum alloy comprising the following composition:
cu is 3.8-4.6 wt%;
mg accounts for 1.2 to 1.5 weight percent;
si is 0.4-0.7 wt%;
ni is 0.4-0.55 wt%;
fe is 0.4-0.6 wt%;
the balance being Al.
2. The reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the reinforced phase comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving polycarbosilane in xylene, preparing polycarbosilane solution according to the ratio of polycarbosilane to xylene of 1.2-1.5g/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-60min to obtain spinning solution;
s2, weighing La2O3Dissolving with concentrated nitric acid, removing excessive nitric acid, and weighing nanometer Al2O3Adding the powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker to form a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to stir for 2 hours to uniformly mix the solution;
s3, preparing the composite fiber by an electrostatic spinning method, wherein the spinning process parameters comprise: adopting a needle head with the inner diameter of 0.8-1.2mm, the voltage is 12-25kV, the distance from the needle head to a receiving screen is 15-25cm, and the supply rate of spinning is 20-40 ul/min;
s4, placing the composite fiber prepared in the step into a drying oven with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for curing for 20-50h, then placing the cured composite fiber on a graphite crucible, and performing vacuum sintering in a tubular diffusion furnace to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3And (3) preparing the composite nanofiber.
3. The reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 2, wherein the vacuum sintering in step S4 is performed by: room temperature-550 deg.C: 2.5 ℃/min, 550 ℃ and 950 ℃: keeping the temperature at 1 ℃/min and 950 ℃ for 6 h.
4. The method of preparing the reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
s1 preparation of Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3After the composite fiber is chopped, the chopped composite fiber is added into an alcohol medium, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the agglomerated fiber is opened, aluminum alloy matrix powder with corresponding mass is added, ultrasonic treatment is continued for a certain time, mechanical stirring is carried out while the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, and the filtered mixed powder is dried in vacuum to obtain Ce-C-SiC @ Al2O3Mixed powder with composite nanometer fiber dispersed homogeneously;
and S2, carrying out cold press molding on the mixed powder, and then carrying out vacuum hot press sintering and solid solution failure treatment to obtain the reinforced composite aluminum-based material.
5. The method of preparing the reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 4, wherein: the length of the composite fiber is less than 0.05 mm.
6. The method of preparing the reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 4, wherein: the pressure of the cold pressing is 650-800MPa, and the holding time is 1-2 min.
7. The method of preparing the reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 4, wherein: the vacuum hot pressing temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h.
8. The method of preparing the reinforced composite aluminum-based material of claim 4, wherein: the solid solution process is water quenching at 460 ℃ for 2h, 470 ℃ for 2h and 480 ℃ for 1 h; the failure process is 125 ℃ multiplied by 5 h.
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