CN112898526A - 一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯及其制备方法,属于高分子材料领域。本发明通过多元醇、硅烷偶联剂混合,再加入胺类交联剂,进而与异氰酸酯反应,在目标表面瞬间固化形成耐温保护层,即可得到瞬干耐温聚氨酯。该制备方法简单,由该方法制备的聚氨酯可以实现瞬间固化,材料力学性能优异、在130℃高温条件下性能稳定且具有良好的抗老化能力。可以旋挤出涂覆在大型耐温器材上进行快速固化,实现耐温隔热以及保护的作用,满足不同行业领域的快速施工要求,在工业生产和国防快速修补等领域有较为广泛的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)是一类具有优异综合性能的耐高温高分子材料,具有很好的稳定性、耐化学性、回弹性、力学性能和更小的压缩变型性,隔热、隔音、抗震、防毒性能良好。近年来聚氨酯的发展十分迅速,并衍生出了一系列商业化产品。目前,聚氨酯已经广泛应用于家居领域、建筑领域、日用品领域、交通领域、家电领域等。
聚氨酯(PU)是由异氰酸酯与聚酯多元醇或者聚醚多元醇反应,通过预聚体或者一步法制得。
目前,由普通异氰酸酯与多元醇制备的聚氨酯已经很难满足特殊生产工艺的要求,特别是某些特殊条件下需要瞬间固化形成保护层,实现喷涂和修改等工艺,同时还需兼备耐温、抗湿、高强度的要求。通过分子设计特殊分子结构和官能团的复合以实现瞬间固化和耐温性能已成为聚氨酯材料发展的必由之路。
比如,在工业热管领域,热管表面的涂覆层不仅需要快速固化以便施工需要,同时还需要可以长期耐温的聚氨酯材料,通用的耐温聚氨酯使用温度一般在100℃以下,当温度超过此温度时,材料的力学稳定性和化学稳定性都会大幅下降。
据文献报道,当前制备瞬干型耐温聚氨酯材料通常通过:1、使用高活性催化剂;2、引入聚硅氧烷;3、制备泡沫型材料三种途径。目前人们主要把目光投向由上述几种方法制备的或由几种方法结合制备的瞬干耐温聚氨酯材料。然而,上述制备的有机硅或多孔聚氨酯材料的各种方法,有些固化速率太慢,有些制备出的材料耐高温性能很差,常常不能兼顾耐温和快速固化两项性能,这就使得这类材料无法在一些特殊的环境中使用。因此开发一种可以瞬干的耐温聚氨酯迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是提供上述方法所制备的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将具有至少2个羟基的聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与具有至少1个氨基的硅烷偶联剂以及具有至少2个胺基的多胺交联剂进行快速搅拌混合均匀得到组份A;
(2)将一种或多种具有至少2个异氰酸酯基的异氰酸酯与催化剂进行共混得到组份B;
(3)将组份A和组份B混合均匀,然后在室温或加热条件下进行固化,得到得到瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
进一步的,异氰酸酯基与所有和异氰酸酯基反应的羟基和氨基的比例为0.4-2.5∶1;异氰酸酯与催化剂的质量比为100∶0.01-100∶8。
作为优选,异氰酸酯基与所有和异氰酸酯基反应的羟基和氨基的比例为0.6-2.0∶1;异氰酸酯与催化剂的质量比为100∶0.1-100∶4。
更优选的,异氰酸酯基与所有和异氰酸酯基反应的羟基和氨基的比例为0.8-1.5∶1;异氰酸酯与催化剂的质量比为100∶0.2-100∶2。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇优选为二元醇,其分子量为200~20000,通式为:
其中R为正丁基、己酸乙酯基等基团。
二元醇可选自聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。
多元醇也可以为三元醇或超支化多元醇。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯氨甲基三甲氧基硅烷、苯氨甲基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,多胺交联剂为二胺交联剂,符合下列通式:
H2N-Y-NH2
其中Y为乙基、丙基、丁基、苯基、对苯醚基、联苯基或4,4-二苯甲基基团。
常用的二胺有乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、丁二胺、4,4二胺基二苯醚(ODA)、对苯二胺(PPD)、4,4二胺基联苯(BZ)或4,4二胺基二苯甲烷(DDM)。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯或二异氰酸酯的多聚体,选自对苯二甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1,6己二异氰酸酯(HDI)中的一种或多种。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,催化剂为有机锡类催化剂和胺类催化剂,选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、三乙胺、三乙烯二胺、N-甲基吗啡啉的一种或多种。
进一步的,步骤(3)中,将组份A和组份B混合均匀,混合时间为0~30s,然后在室温或者加热0~120℃条件下固化,固化时间为1~60s,得到瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
上述制备方法制备得到的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
有益效果:相比于现有技术,本发明的优点为:
本发明针对工业热管对于快速固化的施工要求和长期耐温的需要,提供了一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯及其制备方法,利用双组份共混喷涂,在目标表面瞬间固化形成耐温保护层,该制备方法简单,由该方法制备的聚氨酯可以实现瞬间固化,材料力学性能优异,在130℃高温条件下性能稳定且具有良好的抗老化能力。可以旋挤出涂覆在大型耐温器材上进行快速固化,实现耐温隔热以及保护的作用,满足不同行业领域的快速施工要求,在工业生产和国防快速修补等领域有较为广泛的用途。
附图说明
图1为本发明的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯在130℃下的实物照片图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。以下实施例中如无特殊说明,所用实验方法均为常规方法。
实施例1
将100g聚乙二醇(Mn=250,0.4mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入5gN-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Mn=222,0.02mol)以及2g 4,4二胺基二苯醚(ODA)(Mn=269.5,0.0074mol)和1g乙二胺(Mn=60,0.0167mol),在80℃条件下快速搅拌30s使其充分混合均匀,再加入45g对苯二甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)(Mn=250,0.18mol)和0.02g二月桂酸二丁基锡的共混物,快速搅拌15s,放入室温条件下固化1s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例2
将100g聚四氢呋喃醚(Mn=2000,0.05mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入10g苯氨甲基三甲氧基硅烷(Mn=227,0.067mol)以及3g 4,4二胺基二苯甲烷(DDM)(Mn=198.3,0.0015mol),在60℃条件下快速搅拌10s使其充分混合均匀,再加入47g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(Mn=222.29,0.212mol)和16g辛酸亚锡和2g三乙烯二胺的共混物,快速搅拌20s,放入80℃烘箱中固化40s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例3
将100g聚己内酯二醇(Mn=2000,0.05mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入3g 3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Mn=179,0.017mol)以及5g 4,4二胺基联苯(BZ)(Mn=184.24,0.027mol),在20℃条件下快速搅拌120s使其充分混合均匀,再加入40g环己二异氰酸酯(TDI)(Mn=174.15,0.168mol)与4g二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡的共混物,快速搅拌30s,放入60℃烘箱中固化10s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例4
将100g聚碳酸酯二醇(Mn=332.39,0.3mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入2g N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(Mn=264,0.0076mol)以及10g对苯二胺(PPD)(Mn=108,0.093mol),在75℃条件下快速搅拌20s使其充分混合均匀,再加入15g 1,6己二异氰酸酯(HDI)(Mn=168.19,0.06mol)和1g二醋酸二丁基锡和3gN-甲基吗啡啉的共混物,快速搅拌30s,放入120℃烘箱中固化60s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例5
将20g聚四氢呋喃醚(Mn=2000,0.01mol)和80g聚四氢呋喃醚(Mn=1000,0.08mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入10gN-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(Mn=206,0.048mol)以及2g 4,4二胺基二苯醚(ODA)(Mn=269.5,0.0074mol),在0℃条件下快速搅拌100s使其充分混合均匀,再加入60g对苯二甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)二聚体(Mn=500,0.121mol)和0.2g二月桂酸二丁基锡和0.1g三乙醇胺的共混物,快速搅拌15s,放入50℃烘箱中固化20s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例6
将75g聚己内酯二醇(Mn=2000,0.0375mol)和25g聚四氢呋喃醚(Mn=250,0.1mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入6g N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷(Mn=248,0.024mol)以及5g对苯二胺(PPD)(Mn=108,0.046mol),在40℃条件下快速搅拌15s使其充分混合均匀,再加入50g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(Mn=222.29,0.2mol)和0.1g丁二胺(Mn=88,0.001mol)以及10g二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡的共混物,快速搅拌5s,放入0℃条件下固化60s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例7
将40g聚乙二醇(Mn=400,0.1mol)和60g聚碳酸酯二醇(Mn=332.39,0.18mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入0.5g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(Mn=221,0.02mol)以及10g 4,4二胺基联苯(BZ)(Mn=184.24,0.054mol),在30℃条件下快速搅拌20s使其充分混合均匀,再加入60g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(Mn=222.29,0.27mol)和71g氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(Mn=262.35,0.27mol)以及0.2g辛酸亚锡的共混物,快速搅拌10s,放入120℃烘箱中固化30s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
实施例8
将50g聚己内酯二醇(Mn=2000,0.025mol)和50g聚碳酸酯二醇(Mn=332.39,0.15mol)加入搅拌容器中,加入10g苯氨甲基三乙氧基硅烷(Mn=269,0.037mol)以及1g 4,4二胺基二苯甲烷(DDM)(Mn=198.3,0.005mol),1g 1,2-丙二胺(Mn=74,0.0135mol),在80℃条件下快速搅拌100s使其充分混合均匀,再加入35g环己二异氰酸酯(TDI)(Mn=174.15,0.2mol)和37.5g对苯二甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)三聚体(Mn=750,0.05mol)以及0.2g二醋酸二丁基锡的共混物,快速搅拌20s,放入100℃烘箱中固化40s,得到有机硅改性的耐温聚氨酯。
从图1可以看出本发明制备的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯在130℃下具有很好的弹性。
表1是本发明中不同实施例的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯样品热重分析结果。从热重分析结果中可以看出,本发明所采用的配方体系制得的耐温聚氨酯具有很高的降解温度,初始降解温度可以达到250℃左右,当温度达到400℃时,仍有50%的残重剩余,且引入有机硅的结构,使得样品在600℃又不会完全分解,聚氨酯的耐温性能提升较为显著。
表1不同实施例的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯样品热重分析结果
样品名称 | T<sub>d(5%)</sub>(℃) | T<sub>d(10%)</sub>(℃) | T<sub>d(50%)</sub>(℃) |
实施例1 | 288 | 309 | 435 |
实施例2 | 291 | 310 | 429 |
实施例3 | 292 | 312 | 432 |
实施例4 | 294 | 313 | 432 |
实施例5 | 295 | 313 | 394 |
表2是本发明中不同实施例的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯样品的固化时间和在130℃高温条件下的拉伸强度对比表。整体的固化时间都很快,可以实现在喷涂之后快速固化,不至于样品悬挂导致分散不均。对比该耐温聚氨酯在130℃高温下的拉伸强度,该耐温聚氨酯仍有3.02MPa的优异的拉伸性能,可以防止该耐温聚氨酯在涂覆之后,受到冲击和震动而损坏。
表2不同实施例的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯样品的固化时间和在130℃高温条件下的拉伸强度
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间,各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不局限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将具有至少2个羟基的聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇与具有至少1个氨基的硅烷偶联剂以及具有至少2个胺基的多胺交联剂进行快速搅拌混合均匀得到组份A;
(2)将一种或多种具有至少2个异氰酸酯基的异氰酸酯与催化剂进行共混得到组份B;
(3)将组份A和组份B混合均匀,然后在室温或加热条件下进行固化,得到得到瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,异氰酸酯基与所有和异氰酸酯基反应的羟基和氨基的比例为0.4-2.5∶1;所述异氰酸酯与催化剂的质量比为100∶0.01-100∶8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,异氰酸酯基与所有和异氰酸酯基反应的羟基和氨基的比例为0.8-1.5∶1;所述异氰酸酯与催化剂的质量比为100∶0.2-100∶2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇为聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇,其分子量为200~20000,选自聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯氨甲基三甲氧基硅烷、苯氨甲基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述多胺交联剂为二胺交联剂,符合下列通式:
H2N-Y-NH2
其中Y为乙基、丙基、丁基、苯基、对苯醚基、联苯基或4,4-二苯甲基基团。
7.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯或二异氰酸酯的多聚体,选自对苯二甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,6己二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述催化剂为有机锡类催化剂和胺类催化剂,选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、三乙胺、三乙烯二胺、N-甲基吗啡啉的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,将组份A和组份B混合均匀,混合时间为0~30s,然后在室温或者加热0~120℃条件下固化,固化时间为1~60s,得到瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
10.权利要求1至9任一项所述制备方法制备得到的双组份瞬干耐温聚氨酯。
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