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CN112893727A - Forging process of magnesium-lithium alloy - Google Patents

Forging process of magnesium-lithium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112893727A
CN112893727A CN202110217630.4A CN202110217630A CN112893727A CN 112893727 A CN112893727 A CN 112893727A CN 202110217630 A CN202110217630 A CN 202110217630A CN 112893727 A CN112893727 A CN 112893727A
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magnesium
lithium alloy
forging
upsetting
blank
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CN202110217630.4A
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Inventor
王世超
曹玉如
张超
廉颖
张博
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Shaanxi Changyu Aviation Equipment Co ltd
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Shaanxi Changyu Aviation Equipment Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K29/00Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and discloses a forging process of a magnesium-lithium alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating the magnesium-lithium alloy blank to the temperature of 290-310 ℃ and preserving heat to ensure that the temperature of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is uniform; forging the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after heat preservation, repeatedly carrying out upsetting and drawing-out processes during forging, finally drawing out and trimming to a final size, and carrying out air cooling, wherein the deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is 40-44% during upsetting; the deformation is 42-48% when upsetting to drawing length, 42-48% when drawing length to upsetting deformation, and 17-27% when drawing length and finishing to final size. The invention further improves the performance of the magnesium-lithium alloy casting or casting blank through the forging process, so that the advantages of the magnesium-lithium alloy are fully exerted.

Description

Forging process of magnesium-lithium alloy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a forging process of a magnesium-lithium alloy.
Background
The magnesium-lithium alloy is an ultra-light metal structure material, lithium is added into magnesium metal, generally contains 14% -16% of lithium, the specific gravity of the magnesium-lithium alloy is 1.4-1.6, the magnesium-lithium alloy is lower than that of the magnesium alloy by 1.8, the magnesium-lithium alloy is slightly higher than that of plastic, the strength of the magnesium-lithium alloy is 220-340 MPa, and the elastic modulus of the magnesium-lithium alloy is 40 GPa. The composite material has good heat conduction, electric conduction and ductility, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, national defense war industry and the like. With the increasing requirements of lightweight, weight-reducing, energy-saving, environmental protection and sustainable development of structural materials in the world, the magnesium-lithium alloy has wide application prospects in the fields of traffic, electronics, medical products and the like which need lightweight structural materials. At present, the magnesium-lithium alloy is generally processed into a casting, and because the performance of the magnesium-lithium alloy casting is not high enough, the advantages of the magnesium-lithium alloy cannot be fully exerted, the performance of the magnesium-lithium alloy casting needs to be improved so as to exert the advantages of the magnesium-lithium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a forging process of a magnesium-lithium alloy, which can further improve the performance of a magnesium-lithium alloy casting or a casting blank, so that the advantages of the magnesium-lithium alloy are fully exerted.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a forging process of a magnesium-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
heating the magnesium-lithium alloy blank to the temperature of 290-310 ℃ and preserving heat to ensure that the temperature of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is uniform;
forging the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after heat preservation, repeatedly carrying out upsetting and drawing-out processes during forging, finally drawing out and trimming to a final size, and carrying out air cooling, wherein the deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is 40-44% during upsetting; the deformation is 42-48% when upsetting to draw out, 42-48% when drawing out to draw out, 17-27% when drawing out and trimming to final size.
Preferably, the shortest heat preservation time tmin is D × λ and the longest heat preservation time tmax is tmin +90 when the magnesium-lithium alloy billet is heated, wherein D is the diameter of the magnesium-lithium alloy billet and is in millimeters; lambda is the heat preservation coefficient, the value is 1, and the unit is min/mm.
Preferably, the preheating temperature of the hammer anvil during forging is 250-300 ℃.
Preferably, the transfer time during forging is less than or equal to 30 s.
Preferably, the forging is performed by two-fire forging.
Preferably, in the one-fire forging, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after heat preservation is subjected to upsetting twice and drawing twice.
Preferably, in the two-fire forging, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank processed by one fire is subjected to upsetting twice and drawing twice, and the magnesium-lithium alloy blank drawn and drawn last time is trimmed to the final size.
Preferably, the finish forging temperature per fire is not lower than 220 ℃.
Preferably, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank adopts a magnesium-lithium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 260-phi 350 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is further processed by the forging process, so that the crystal grain orientation in the magnesium-lithium alloy can be changed, and when the crystal grain orientation is consistent with the main load direction, the magnesium alloy forging has excellent static and dynamic strength; after the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is forged, the magnesium-lithium alloy forging has compact structure, no pores and excellent performance. According to the invention, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is heated to the temperature of 290-310 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation, so that the temperature of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is uniform, on one hand, the structure of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after forging is more uniform, the forging is convenient, on the other hand, the next procedure can be timely carried out after the temperature is uniform, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank can be prevented from being seriously softened and grains grow, and the mechanical property of the product is reduced. The deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is 40-44% during upsetting; the deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy forging is 42-48% when upsetting is carried out to the drawing length, 42-48% when the upsetting is carried out to the drawing length, 17-27% when drawing length is carried out to the final size, the deformation degree of the magnesium-lithium alloy forging is further controlled by controlling the deformation in the machining processes, and the magnesium-lithium alloy forging has good performance under the deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy forging.
Furthermore, the shortest heat preservation time tmin is DxLambda when the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is heated, and the longest heat preservation time tmax is tmin +90, wherein D is the diameter of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank and is in unit of millimeter, Lambda is a heat preservation coefficient, Lambda is 1 and is in unit of minute/millimeter.
Furthermore, the invention provides that the preheating temperature of the hammer anvil is 250-300 ℃ during forging aiming at the magnesium-lithium alloy, so that cracks caused by chilling due to contact of hot raw materials and the cold anvil are effectively avoided.
Furthermore, the forging process is carried out by two times of heating, four times of upsetting and five times of drawing are carried out totally, the plasticity of the magnesium-lithium alloy can be ensured, and the plasticity is not remarkably reduced.
Furthermore, the finish forging temperature of each fire is not lower than 220 ℃, and the magnesium-lithium alloy forge piece can be prevented from cracking.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The invention relates to a forging process method of an ultralight magnesium-lithium alloy, which can obtain a forging with good comprehensive performance. The technical scheme is as follows: firstly, sawing a magnesium-lithium alloy bar into the bar size required by forging, then heating the sawed magnesium-lithium alloy bar to a preset temperature, preserving heat for a certain time, then carrying out multiple upsetting and drawing forging processes, and carrying out air cooling after forging to obtain a finished product forged piece.
The forging process flow of the magnesium-lithium alloy mainly comprises the following steps: blanking, heating, upsetting, drawing and cooling.
The blanking is carried out on a circular saw, a lathe or a special rapid end milling machine, and the blanking speed is slow to prevent ignition and combustion due to the inflammability of magnesium chips. The use of lubricants and cooling fluids is strictly prohibited during cutting to prevent magnesium chip burning and magnesium-lithium alloy corrosion.
The raw material heating is carried out in a class III electric furnace, and a protection device and a device with forced circulation air are preferably introduced into the furnace, so that the temperature of the furnace is kept uniform, and the temperature difference in the furnace is small. The furnace temperature is arranged at a position 100-150 mm away from the heated raw material by a thermocouple, and the furnace is provided with an automatic furnace temperature adjusting instrument. In order to avoid softening and grain growth of the magnesium-lithium alloy in the heating process, the raw material heating process parameters are selected as follows: heating at 290-; lambda is the heat preservation coefficient, the value of lambda is 1, and the unit is min/mm.
The magnesium-lithium alloy has a narrow forging temperature range, fast heat transfer and easy cooling, so the hammer anvil must be preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is selected to be 250-300 ℃ (because the temperature change of the hammer anvil is large, the hammer anvil can be maintained in the temperature range, and real-time monitoring can be carried out in the processing process), the transfer time is less than or equal to 30s, upsetting and drawing are carried out for a plurality of times, the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 220 ℃, and after forging, dispersed air cooling is carried out, and the finished product forged piece is obtained.
The process can be suitable for processing the magnesium-lithium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 260-phi 350 mm.
It is to be noted that, in the apparatus adopted in the following embodiments of the present invention, the temperature difference in the electric furnace is ± 10 ℃, so that the temperature fluctuates at the set value in the process, and in the actual production process, for example, the set temperature is 300 ℃, the temperature in the whole heat preservation stage varies within the range of 290 ℃ and 310 ℃, and in the following embodiments, the set value of the heat preservation temperature is 300 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature in the embodiments of the present invention can support the heat preservation temperature range in the claims.
The invention is illustrated in the following examples by taking the magnesium-lithium alloy having the trade name LA103Z as an example.
Example 1
In this example, the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot is of a specification of Φ 300 mm.
The forging process method of the magnesium-lithium alloy mainly comprises the following steps: blanking, heating, forging, air cooling and detecting, which are specifically as follows:
blanking: sawing a magnesium-lithium alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 300mm by using a sawing machine (model G4240), wherein the dimension specification is 300mm multiplied by 520 mm;
heating: the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot with the size of phi 300 multiplied by 520mm is heated before forging by an electric furnace (model HY-S0101, HY-S0033). Charging when the furnace temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot to the heating temperature along with the furnace: 300 +/-10 ℃, heat preservation time: 300 min;
forging: after the heat preservation is finished, forging is carried out through a 2000T press (model HY-S0066), the preheating temperature of a hammer anvil is 250-300 ℃, the transfer time is less than or equal to 30S, the finish forging temperature is greater than or equal to 220 ℃, the hammer is slightly hammered during hammering, and the forging is divided into two-fire forging, specifically:
1, fire: firstly, upsetting a blank with the diameter of 300 multiplied by 520mm to H302 mm, drawing to □ 261 multiplied by Lmm, upsetting the blank to H301 mm, and drawing to □ 260 multiplied by Lmm;
2, fire: continuing upsetting to H298 mm, drawing to □ 259 × Lmm, upsetting to H305 mm, drawing to □ 261 × Lmm, finally drawing to final size 137 × 372 × L, and L700;
wherein, "□" means that the cross-section of the forging is square, for example, "□ 261 x Lmm" means that the cross-section of the forging is square with side length of 261mm, and the length of the forging is Lmm.
Air cooling: dispersing and air-cooling after forging;
and (3) detection: and checking the size and the surface quality of the forged piece by 100 percent.
The mechanical property parameters of the finished product forged piece obtained in the embodiment are shown in table 1.
Example 2
In this example, the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot is of a specification of Φ 260 mm.
The forging process method of the magnesium-lithium alloy mainly comprises the following steps: blanking, heating, forging, air cooling and detecting, which are specifically as follows:
blanking: sawing a magnesium-lithium alloy cast ingot with the size of phi 260mm by using a sawing machine (model G4240), wherein the size specification is phi 260 multiplied by 520 mm;
heating: the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot with the size of phi 260 multiplied by 520mm is heated before forging by an electric furnace (model HY-S0101, HY-S0033). Charging when the furnace temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot to the heating temperature along with the furnace: 300 +/-10 ℃, heat preservation time: 260 min;
forging: after the heat preservation is finished, forging is carried out through a 2000T press (model HY-S0066), the preheating temperature of a hammer anvil is 250-300 ℃, the transfer time is less than or equal to 30S, the finish forging temperature is greater than or equal to 220 ℃, the hammer is slightly hammered during hammering, and the forging is divided into two-fire forging, specifically:
1, fire: firstly, upsetting a blank with the diameter of 260 multiplied by 520mm to the length of H295 mm, drawing to the length of □ 255 multiplied by Lmm, upsetting the blank to the length of H298 mm, and drawing to the length of □ 258 multiplied by Lmm;
2, fire: continuing upsetting to H298 mm, drawing to □ 261 × Lmm, upsetting to H301 mm, drawing to □ 261 × Lmm, finally drawing to final size 138 × 375 × L, and L530;
wherein, "□" means that the cross section of the forging is square, for example, "□ 255 × Lmm" means that the cross section of the forging is square with the side length of 255mm, and the length of the forging is Lmm.
Air cooling: dispersing and air-cooling after forging;
and (3) detection: and checking the size and the surface quality of the forged piece by 100 percent.
The mechanical property parameters of the finished product forging obtained in this embodiment are shown in table 1.
Example 3
In this example, the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot is of a specification of Φ 350 mm.
The forging process method of the magnesium-lithium alloy mainly comprises the following steps: blanking, heating, forging, air cooling and detecting, which are specifically as follows:
blanking: sawing a magnesium-lithium alloy cast ingot with the phi of 350mm by using a sawing machine (model G4240), wherein the dimension specification is phi 350 multiplied by 520 mm;
heating: the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot with the size of phi 350 multiplied by 520mm is heated before forging by an electric furnace (model HY-S0101, HY-S0033). Charging when the furnace temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot to the heating temperature along with the furnace: 300 +/-10 ℃, heat preservation time: 350 min;
forging: after the heat preservation is finished, forging is carried out through a 2000T press (model HY-S0066), the preheating temperature of a hammer anvil is 250-300 ℃, the transfer time is less than or equal to 30S, the finish forging temperature is greater than or equal to 220 ℃, the hammer is slightly hammered during hammering, and the forging is divided into two-fire forging, specifically:
1, fire: firstly, upsetting a blank with the diameter of 350 multiplied by 520mm to H305 mm, drawing to □ 263 multiplied by Lmm, upsetting the blank to H302 mm, and drawing to □ 262 multiplied by Lmm;
2, fire: continuing upsetting to H298 mm, drawing to □ 258 × Lmm, upsetting to H299 mm, drawing to □ 301 × Lmm, finally drawing to final size 139 × 378 × L, and L950;
wherein, "□" means that the cross section of the forging is square, for example, "□ 255 × Lmm" means that the cross section of the forging is square with the side length of 255mm, and the length of the forging is Lmm.
Air cooling: dispersing and air-cooling after forging;
and (3) detection: and checking the size and the surface quality of the forged piece by 100 percent.
The mechanical property parameters of the finished product forged piece obtained in the embodiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure RE-GDA0003016686040000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the mechanical properties of the finished forged magnesium-lithium alloy product obtained by the forging process are greatly improved.
In conclusion, the invention selects a 2000T press machine to ensure parameters such as magnesium-lithium alloy forging deformation, finish forging temperature and the like; according to the invention, a class III electric furnace is selected for heating, so that the temperature precision in the magnesium-lithium alloy heating process can be effectively controlled; the invention selects the heating parameters as follows: the heating temperature is 290-; according to the invention, the preheating temperature of the hammer anvil is 250-300 ℃, so that cracks caused by chilling due to contact of hot raw materials and the cold anvil can be effectively avoided. According to the invention, the process parameters (heating temperature, heat preservation time, deformation and the like) of the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot casting forging are reasonably designed, so that the performance of the magnesium-lithium alloy forging can meet the requirements.

Claims (9)

1. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
heating the magnesium-lithium alloy blank to the temperature of 290-310 ℃ and preserving heat to ensure that the temperature of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is uniform;
forging the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after heat preservation, repeatedly carrying out upsetting and drawing-out processes during forging, finally drawing out and trimming to a final size, and carrying out air cooling to obtain a finished product forged piece; wherein the deformation of the magnesium-lithium alloy blank is 40-44% during upsetting; the deformation is 42-48% when upsetting to drawing length, 42-48% when drawing length to upsetting deformation, and 17-27% when drawing length and finishing to final size.
2. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium-lithium alloy billet is heated for a minimum holding time tmin-dx λ and a maximum holding time tmax-tmin +90, wherein D is the diameter of the magnesium-lithium alloy billet and has a unit of millimeter; lambda is the heat preservation coefficient, the value is 1, and the unit is min/mm.
3. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the anvil preheating temperature during forging is 250-300 ℃.
4. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the transfer time during forging is less than or equal to 30 s.
5. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the forging is performed by two fire forging.
6. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 5, wherein in the one-shot forging, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank after heat preservation is subjected to upsetting twice and drawing twice.
7. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 5, wherein in the two-fire forging, the magnesium-lithium alloy blank processed by one fire is subjected to upsetting twice and drawing twice, and the magnesium-lithium alloy blank drawn last time is drawn and trimmed to a final size.
8. A forging process of magnesium-lithium alloy as claimed in any one of claims 5-7, wherein the finish forging temperature per fire is not lower than 220 ℃.
9. The forging process of the magnesium-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium-lithium alloy ingot is a magnesium-lithium alloy ingot with the specification of phi 260-phi 350 mm.
CN202110217630.4A 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Forging process of magnesium-lithium alloy Withdrawn CN112893727A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114309411A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-04-12 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 Crank prefabricated part forging process
CN114367611A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-19 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 Magnesium alloy revolving body structural part and preparation process thereof

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CN106475503A (en) * 2016-10-21 2017-03-08 宝鸡市永盛泰钛业有限公司 A kind of manufacture method of titanium forged flange threeway
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CN111644548A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-11 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 Forging-modifying technology for high-strength homogeneous aluminum alloy forging for spaceflight
CN112108606A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-22 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Preparation method of titanium alloy forging

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006152401A (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-15 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Magnesium alloy material
CN103447433A (en) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-18 中南大学 Preparation method of large-sized magnesium alloy forged disc
CN103447432A (en) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-18 中南大学 Isothermal die forging technique of large-sized magnesium alloy component
CN103786031A (en) * 2014-01-18 2014-05-14 中南大学 Process for forming moderately-strong heat-resisting magnesium alloy die-forged piece
CN106475503A (en) * 2016-10-21 2017-03-08 宝鸡市永盛泰钛业有限公司 A kind of manufacture method of titanium forged flange threeway
CN107649628A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-02 陕西华镁特材科技有限公司 A kind of processing method of ZK61 high-strength magnesium alloys forging
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CN111644548A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-11 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 Forging-modifying technology for high-strength homogeneous aluminum alloy forging for spaceflight
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114367611A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-19 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 Magnesium alloy revolving body structural part and preparation process thereof
CN114309411A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-04-12 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 Crank prefabricated part forging process

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Application publication date: 20210604