Crushing tooth assembly and crusher
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a crushing tooth assembly for a crusher on a mining machine and a crusher employing the same.
Background
For crushers used on mining machines, the crushing teeth are often susceptible to damage due to the need to crush high hardness rock pieces. The crusher roller of the existing structure is mostly of an integral structure, and the damage of the crushing teeth often causes the whole roller to be scrapped, so that the use and maintenance cost of the crusher is higher.
In addition, in order to adapt to mining of a thinner ore layer or a high-grade thin ore layer, for example, a rocker arm of a high-power (high-torque) cutting system is generally adopted on an bauxite mining machine, the height of the rocker arm is low, the structure is compact, the power density is high, and a cutting motor arranged in a rocker arm shell occupies a large space in the front-back direction, so that a space between the cutting motor and a cable trough is insufficient for arranging a conventional crushing device. However, in the actual exploitation of the mining machine, a large amount of high-hardness bauxite often can appear, and these bauxite need pass through below the position where the cutting motor of rocking arm is located after entering the conveyer, but a lot of rocks are massive rocks, can not pass through, finally pile up and lead to the conveyer can't carry, need to shut down and carry out artifical clearance, waste time and energy, still influence the productivity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crushing tooth assembly and a crusher, wherein a crushing tooth supporting part is replaced, the use cost is low, the structure of the crusher is compact, and the crusher can be applied to a mining machine for mining a thinner ore layer or a high-grade ore layer.
The main technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a broken tooth subassembly, includes connecting axle and the broken tooth group of a plurality of, every broken tooth group includes an axle sleeve and fixes a plurality of broken teeth in the axle sleeve periphery, and each broken tooth circumference equipartition is a plurality of broken tooth group overlaps side by side and establishes on the connecting axle, and the hookup of many flat keys between broken tooth group and the connecting axle, circumference equipartition between the many flat keys.
The specification and performance parameters of all crushing teeth in the same crushing tooth group are the same, and the specification and performance parameters of the crushing teeth in different crushing tooth groups are the same or different.
A crusher comprises a mining machine rocker arm, a fixed seat, a swing arm, an oil cylinder and a crushing tooth assembly, wherein a shell of the mining machine rocker arm is an L-shaped structural unit comprising a cylinder body and an arm support, the fixed seat, the swing arm and the oil cylinder are arranged on the inner side of a corner of an L shape, the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the cylinder body, the shell of the swing arm comprises a front arm support, a rear arm support and a tubular structure, the tubular structure extends forwards and backwards, the front arm support and the rear arm support both extend leftwards and rightwards, one end of the front arm support and one end of the rear arm support are respectively connected with the front part and the rear part of the tubular structure, the shell of the swing arm is horizontally hinged to the fixed seat in a front-back mode by taking the tubular structure as a shaft, one end of the oil cylinder is hinged to the fixed seat, the other end of the oil cylinder is, the front end of the rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system positioned in the inner cavity of the front arm support, the front end of the rotating shaft is provided with an internal spline, the rear end of a transmission gear in the arm support is provided with an internal spline, and the transmission gear and the rotating shaft are simultaneously connected with the front part and the rear part of a spline shaft through splines.
The front part of the rotating shaft is provided with an external gear, the front part of the connecting shaft is provided with an external spline, the transmission system is a fixed shaft gear transmission system, a first gear of the fixed shaft gear transmission system is externally meshed with the external gear on the rotating shaft according to the transmission direction, and a last gear of the fixed shaft gear transmission system is sleeved on the connecting shaft and connected with the front spline of the connecting shaft.
A main shell is arranged outside the rear arm frame on the shell of the swing arm, and a base plate is arranged or not arranged between the rear arm frame and the main shell in the front-rear direction.
The fixing base can include end plate, preceding backup pad and back backup pad, fixed connection can be dismantled respectively to the one end of preceding backup pad and back backup pad on the front and back side of end plate, the other end overhang, tubular structure supports respectively on preceding backup pad and back backup pad in both ends around, tubular structure's anterior and the rear portion of cantilever crane are through circular tang structure location connection, and circular tang structure is coaxial with the revolving axle.
The crusher also preferably comprises a mechanical protection structure, the mechanical protection structure comprises a support and a plurality of rollers mounted on the support, the support is fixed on the front arm support, the rollers are arranged in an arc-shaped area with the axis of the connecting shaft as the axis at intervals, the axis of the rollers horizontally extends forwards and backwards, the positions of the rollers are lower than the connecting shaft, and the farthest distance from the edge of the roller to the axis of the connecting shaft is greater than the radius of a cutting circle of the crushing teeth.
The support can be U-shaped, the arrangement region of the roller is deviated to the position of a quarter circular arc on one side of the symmetrical center line of the U-shape, and the wheel edge of the roller is partially exposed outside the radial outer edge of the semicircular part of the U-shape.
The mechanical protection is preferably symmetrical front to back.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the crushing tooth assembly can replace a traditional crushing roller, the structure is very simple and compact, when a certain crushing tooth is damaged, only the crushing tooth and a shaft sleeve where the crushing tooth is located need to be replaced, the maintenance is simple and convenient, and the manufacturing cost and the use cost are lower.
Because the crushing teeth and the corresponding shaft sleeves with different parameters are arranged at different positions in the front and back of the connecting shaft according to the actual distribution characteristics of the lumpiness of the rock blocks on the conveying groove of the conveyor in the front and back directions, the rock blocks can be crushed more pertinently, and a better crushing effect can be achieved with more reasonable investment.
A power device is not arranged on the swing arm serving as the main body of the crusher, and only a power input end is arranged, so that the volume of the swing arm is greatly reduced, especially the space occupation in the front-back direction is reduced, and the swing arm can be applied to a mining machine with a short machine body. And the structure of the swing arm itself becomes simple.
Because a drive gear of the mining machine cutting drive system is used as a power device to provide power for the swing arm, the swing arm is arranged on the inner side of the L-shaped corner of the mining machine swing arm, so that the mounting space is saved, and the problem of a power source is solved, and a crushing mechanism can be arranged on a mining machine for mining a thin ore layer or a high-grade thin ore layer, thereby effectively crushing large-block rock blocks, enabling the rock blocks to smoothly pass through the lower part of the mining machine swing arm and avoiding accumulation.
The transmission from the cutting transmission system to the transmission system of the swing arm is connected through the spline shaft, so that overload protection is realized, the transmission stability is improved, and the floating connection of the spline can improve the alignment between the swing arm shell and the transmission gear, so that the transmission stability is improved.
As the swing arm shell is provided with the split type detachable connection structure, the split type crusher can adapt to various conveyors with different widths by arranging or not arranging the base plates in the front-back direction between the rear arm support and the main shell body and increasing or decreasing the thickness of the base plates.
Due to the fact that the mechanical protection structure is arranged, when the swing arm swings downwards, the mechanical protection structure can be in contact with the top surface of the front side ledge of the conveyor firstly, the lowest height of the crushing teeth is limited, and the crushing teeth can be effectively prevented from damaging the conveyor located right below the crushing teeth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an assembly body formed by the swing arm and the crushing tooth assembly;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly body formed by the swing arm, the fixed seat, the oil cylinder and the crushing tooth assembly;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the crusher;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the situation of the shearer's rocker arm downswing with the crusher near the conveyor.
Reference numerals:
11. a fixed seat; 12. a housing of the swing arm; 121. a front arm support; 122. a rear arm support; 124. a transmission system; 1241. a rotating shaft; 1242. a connecting shaft; 125. 125' crushing the set of teeth; 1251. a shaft sleeve; 1252. a flat bond; 1253. crushing teeth; 126. a shield; 127. a tubular structure; 13. an oil cylinder; 14. a mechanical protective structure; 141. a support; 143. a roller;
2. a mining machine rocker arm;
3. a spline shaft;
9. a conveyor; 91. the top surface of the front ledge.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a crushing tooth assembly, which comprises a connecting shaft 1242 and a plurality of crushing tooth groups 125, as shown in fig. 1-7, wherein each crushing tooth group comprises a shaft sleeve 1251 and a plurality of crushing teeth 1253 fixed on the periphery of the shaft sleeve. The crushing teeth can be arranged on the shaft sleeve through the crushing tooth holder. Every broken toothholder all installs a broken tooth, and each broken tooth is whole according to clockwise or anticlockwise circumference equipartition installation, and is a plurality of broken tooth group overlaps side by side through respective axle sleeve and establishes on the connecting axle, couples through many flat keys 1252 between the axle sleeve of broken tooth group and the connecting axle, and circumference equipartition between the many flat keys, circumference are fixed reliable, make things convenient for the axial of axle sleeve to install and remove moreover. When a certain broken tooth is damaged, only the broken tooth and the shaft sleeve where the broken tooth is located need to be replaced, and the maintenance is simple and convenient.
The specification and performance parameters of all crushing teeth in the same crushing tooth group are the same, and the specification and performance parameters of the crushing teeth in different crushing tooth groups are the same or different. When the crushing tooth assembly is used on a crusher, the crushing teeth are positioned above a conveying groove of the conveyor 9, and the extending direction of the connecting shaft is consistent with the width direction of the conveying groove. According to the actual distribution characteristics of the rock mass in the width direction of the conveying groove, the crushing teeth and the corresponding shaft sleeves with different parameters are arranged at different positions in front of and behind the connecting shaft, so that a better crushing effect is obtained.
The invention also discloses a crusher, which comprises a mining machine rocker arm 2, a fixed seat 11, a swing arm, an oil cylinder 13 and the crushing tooth assembly, wherein a shell of the mining machine rocker arm is an L-shaped structural unit comprising a cylinder body and an arm support, the cylinder body extends forwards and backwards, the arm support extends leftwards and rightwards, and the cylinder body is positioned behind one end of the arm support. The fixing seat, the swing arm and the oil cylinder are arranged on the inner side of the corner of the L shape, and the fixing seat is fixedly connected to the side face of the barrel. The housing 12 of the swing arm comprises a front arm frame 121, a rear arm frame 122 and a tubular structure 127, wherein the tubular structure extends forwards and backwards, the front arm frame and the rear arm frame both extend leftwards and rightwards, and one end of each of the front arm frame and the rear arm frame is respectively connected with the front part and the rear part of the tubular structure. The shell of the swing arm is horizontally hinged on the fixed seat in a front-back direction by taking the tubular structure as a shaft. One end of the oil cylinder is hinged to the fixed seat, and the other end of the oil cylinder is hinged to the shell of the swing arm. A rotating shaft 1241 is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular structure, and the front and rear ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported by the front and rear ends of the inner cavity of the tubular structure through bearings, respectively. The inner cavity of the front arm support is communicated with the inner cavity of the front part of the tubular structure. The front end and the rear end of the connecting shaft are respectively and rotatably supported on the front arm support and the rear arm support, and the rotating shaft is parallel to the connecting shaft. The front and rear arm frames have the function of limiting the shaft sleeve forwards and backwards. The front part of the rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system 124 positioned in the inner cavity of the front arm support. The front end of the revolving shaft is provided with an internal spline, the rear end of a transmission gear 22 in the arm support is provided with an internal spline, and the transmission gear and the revolving shaft are simultaneously connected with the front spline and the rear spline of a spline shaft 3. Due to the floating nature of the spline connection, it is possible to provide alignment between the housing 12 of the swing arm and the drive gear 22, thus improving the stability of the transmission. In addition, when the hard rock is crushed or the rock is jammed, the spline shaft is broken first to protect the cutting transmission system and the transmission system of the crushing mechanism in the front arm support, so that the transmission reliability can be improved.
As a part of the cutting transmission system of the mining machine rocker arm, the transmission gear provides a power source for the swing arm (particularly the crushing tooth assembly), so that the swing arm does not need to be separately matched with a motor or a hydraulic motor and other power devices, the front and back size of the crushing mechanism is greatly shortened compared with the structure that the existing power device is axially and sequentially connected with the crusher drum, and compared with the structure that the existing power device is arranged in the crusher drum, the left and right sizes and the up and down sizes of the swing arm of the invention at the position equivalent to the traditional crusher drum are correspondingly reduced, so that the structure of the invention is more compact, and the swing arm of the invention can be applied to mining machines for mining thinner ore layers or high-grade thin ore layers. Moreover, since the present invention replaces the conventional crushing drum with the crushing tooth assembly, the structure becomes very simple, and the manufacturing cost and the use cost are lower.
The front part of the rotating shaft is provided with an external gear, the front part of the connecting shaft is provided with an external spline, and the front end and the rear end of the external spline on the connecting shaft are rotatably supported on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the front arm support. The transmission system is a fixed shaft gear transmission system, according to the transmission direction, a first gear of the transmission system is externally engaged with an external gear on the rotating shaft, and a last gear of the transmission system is sleeved on the connecting shaft and connected with a front spline of the connecting shaft.
A main shell is arranged outside the rear arm frame on the shell of the swing arm, and a base plate is arranged or not arranged between the rear arm frame and the main shell in the front-rear direction. The rear arm support, the main shell and the base plate can be connected in a positioning mode through a plurality of pin shafts. When the base plate is arranged, the distance between the front arm support and the rear arm support is larger than that when no base plate is arranged, so that the crushing mechanism can adapt to a wider conveyor. Of course, longer crushing tooth assemblies, i.e., longer connecting shafts, and additional bushings and crushing teeth on the connecting shafts, need to be replaced at the same time.
The fixing seat is a mounting base structural part of the shell of the swing arm, and not only supports the shell of the swing arm, but also provides a swinging axis for the shell of the swing arm. The fixing base includes end plate, preceding backup pad and back backup pad, encloses into C shape structure, fixed connection can be dismantled respectively on the front and back side of end plate to the one end of preceding backup pad and back backup pad, the other end overhang, tubular structure supports respectively on preceding backup pad and back backup pad in both ends around, tubular structure's anterior and the rear portion of cantilever crane are passed through circular tang structure location and are connected, and circular tang structure is coaxial with the revolving axle to the relative mining machine rocking arm of axis when keeping the casing swing of swing arm is fixed.
Furthermore, a front wear-resistant sleeve can be arranged between the front supporting plate and the tubular structure, and a rear wear-resistant sleeve can be arranged between the rear supporting plate and the tubular structure. The front and rear wear-resistant sleeves are respectively tightly matched with the front and rear ends of the tubular structure and are respectively in clearance fit with the front and rear supporting plates. The front and rear wear-resistant sleeves can reduce the wear of the tubular structure and prolong the service life of the shell of the swing arm.
The shell and the fixed seat of the swing arm can be in an up-and-down symmetrical structure, so that the shell and the fixed seat of the same swing arm can be used at the left rocker arm and the right rocker arm of the mining machine.
The crusher further comprises a mechanical protection structure 14, the mechanical protection structure comprises a support 141 and a plurality of rollers 143 mounted on the support, the support is detachably fixed on the front arm support, the rollers can freely rotate relative to the support, the rollers are arranged in an arc-shaped area with the axis of the connecting shaft as the axis at intervals in the circumferential direction, the axis of the rollers horizontally extends in the front-back direction, the positions of the rollers are lower than the connecting shaft, and the farthest distance from the edge of each roller to the axis of the connecting shaft is larger than the radius of a cutting circle of each crushing tooth. When the crusher is close to the conveyor, the roller is firstly contacted with the top surface 91 of the front ledge of the conveyor, the distance S (see fig. 7) is kept between the cutting circle of the crushing teeth and the top surface of the front ledge, and the distance from the cutting circle of the crushing teeth to the conveying groove is larger, so that the damage of the crushing teeth to the conveyor can be avoided.
Due to the arranged rollers, when the swing arm and the top surface of the front side ledge of the conveyor move relatively in a contact mode, the mechanical protection structure is only in line contact with the conveyor, and sliding abrasion of a contact area is small.
The support is U-shaped, the arrangement area of the idler wheel is deviated to the position of a quarter circular arc on one side of the symmetrical center line of the U-shape, and the wheel edge of the idler wheel is partially exposed on the outer side of the radial outer edge of the semicircular part of the U-shape.
The mechanical guard structure is preferably symmetrical front to back, allowing interchangeability when mounted to the left and right crushers of the miner.
A shield 126 is also mounted on the housing of the swing arm and covers over the breaker tooth assembly and is biased towards the pivot axis to prevent upward splashing of the broken rock. The shroud may also be of symmetrical fore and aft construction to maintain its interchangeability of mounting on crushers on both the left and right sides of the miner.