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CN112882490A - Railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on 5G technology - Google Patents

Railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on 5G technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112882490A
CN112882490A CN202110040768.1A CN202110040768A CN112882490A CN 112882490 A CN112882490 A CN 112882490A CN 202110040768 A CN202110040768 A CN 202110040768A CN 112882490 A CN112882490 A CN 112882490A
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China
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drone
control circuit
circuit board
railway
rail
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Inventor
胡军
高云博
钟琪
赖亚昕
李天明
熊健峰
毛春燕
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East China Jiaotong University
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East China Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN202110040768.1A priority Critical patent/CN112882490A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,通过无人机携带激光成像雷达对接触网的接触线进行磨损检测,携带云台相机进行循迹飞行,携带高清摄像头对钢轨的断裂、形变进行识别,采用北斗定位模块实时定位无人机当前所在的位置,并在铁路沿线设有无线充电台,对无人机沿线巡检时提供充电的平台,提高无人机的巡航能力,并通过5G通信技术将采集到的数据实时传输至监控中心进行分析存储。也可以由监控中心通过5G通信技术向5G模块发送指令来控制无人机的飞行,当被巡检的铁路路段有列车通过时,监控中心提前自动向无人机发送有列车前往的信息,控制电路板便控制无人机改变飞行方向,飞往就近的无线充电台进行等待。

Figure 202110040768

The invention discloses a railway inspection drone based on 5G technology. The drone carries a laser imaging radar to perform wear detection on the contact line of the catenary, carries a pan-tilt camera for tracking flight, and carries a high-definition camera to monitor the tracking of the rail. Identify fractures and deformations, use the Beidou positioning module to locate the current position of the UAV in real time, and set up a wireless charging station along the railway line to provide a charging platform for the inspection of the UAV along the line, and improve the cruising ability of the UAV , and transmit the collected data to the monitoring center in real time through 5G communication technology for analysis and storage. The monitoring center can also send instructions to the 5G module through 5G communication technology to control the flight of the drone. When a train passes through the railway section being inspected, the monitoring center automatically sends the information of the train to the drone in advance to control the flight of the drone. The circuit board controls the drone to change its flight direction and fly to the nearest wireless charging station to wait.

Figure 202110040768

Description

Railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on 5G technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of railway inspection, in particular to a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on a 5G technology.
Background
With the rapid development of railways in China, the railway industry in China is well recognized in the world, and railway technologies in China are introduced in many countries to implement railway specifications in China. Meanwhile, domestic railways are also accelerated and innovated continuously, and the improvement of the intelligence of railway detection is a key link for optimizing and upgrading the railway industry and realizing modernization in China. Nowadays, the railway industry of China also continuously strives towards intellectualization, and the railway intellectualization plays an indispensable role in improving the traditional railway industry, improving the transportation efficiency, improving the service quality, improving the management level, guaranteeing the transportation safety and reducing the labor intensity of workers.
Once foreign matters appear on the track or the steel rail deforms and breaks, the safe operation of the train can be seriously influenced, and accidents such as derailment and side turning of the train can be caused in serious conditions. In addition, in a contact network, a contact wire is in direct contact with a pantograph, so that the pantograph is abraded under repeated friction of the pantograph, the contact wire is broken in serious conditions, and the power supply safety of a train is affected.
In the prior art, a railway line is mainly inspected manually or by a rail inspection vehicle. The manual inspection along the line is to inspect the rails and the overhead line system by workers along the railway line, and due to the influence of experience of the workers, certain errors exist in the judgment of the abrasion condition of the overhead line system, the deformation condition of the steel rail and the fracture condition of the steel rail, most of the workers work at night, and the labor intensity of the workers is greatly increased; when the inspection vehicle inspects the railway line, the basic condition along the railway can be detected, the inspection vehicle also needs to go out at night for inspection, and once the rail deforms or a large number of obstacles exist, the inspection vehicle cannot go forward continuously.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on a 5G technology, the unmanned aerial vehicle carries a laser imaging radar to carry out abrasion detection on a contact line of a contact network, carries a pan-tilt camera to carry out tracking flight, carries a high-definition camera to identify fracture and deformation of a steel rail, carries a 5G module to transmit acquired data to a monitoring center in real time for analysis and storage, adopts a Beidou positioning module to position the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, is provided with a wireless charging platform along the railway, provides a charging platform when the unmanned aerial vehicle inspects along the railway, and improves the cruising ability of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The method effectively replaces manual inspection along the line, improves the detection precision, reduces the labor intensity of workers, is not influenced by rail obstacles and steel rail deformation and fracture, and can be used for normal inspection along the line.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on a 5G technology, which is realized as follows:
a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on 5G technology comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle model, fan blade propellers, a rotating motor, a speed regulator, a storage battery, a pan-tilt camera, a control circuit board, a laser imaging radar, a 5G module, a Beidou positioning module, a high-definition camera, a laser ranging radar, a wireless power receiver, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a ZigBee router, wherein the main body structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle consists of the unmanned aerial vehicle model, the fan blade propellers, the rotating motor, the speed regulator, the storage battery and the control circuit board, the four brackets of the unmanned aerial vehicle model are respectively provided with the same rotating motor and the same speed regulator, each rotating motor is provided with the fan blade propellers, the control circuit board and the storage battery are arranged in the unmanned aerial vehicle model, the storage battery supplies power for the rotating motor, the speed regulator and the control circuit board, the speed regulator regulates the speed of the rotating motors, the flying direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled and the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is regulated by regulating different rotating speeds of the rotating motors, the laser imaging radar, the 5G module and the Beidou positioning module are arranged above an unmanned aerial vehicle model, the laser imaging radar is used for detecting the abrasion condition of a contact line, the diameter of the contact line is calculated in a control circuit board, and then the abrasion degree of the contact line is judged, the Beidou positioning module is used for positioning the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, the tripod head camera, the high-definition camera, the laser ranging radar, the wireless electric energy receiver, the voltage sensor, the current sensor and the ZigBee router are arranged at the bottom end of the unmanned aerial vehicle model, the tripod head camera is used for assisting the unmanned aerial vehicle in tracking flight, the high-definition camera identifies the fracture and deformation of a steel rail, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are used for respectively detecting the voltage and the current of the storage battery and transmitting the detected voltage and current information to the control circuit board.
The scheme of the invention for assisting the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out tracking flight by the holder camera comprises the following steps: because the railway track is mainly formed by two steel rails and a sleeper in a combined mode, the image information of the steel rails is collected through the holder camera and transmitted to the control circuit board for image recognition processing, the relative positions of the two steel rails are recognized through an image recognition algorithm, the two steel rails are used as tracking lines, and the control circuit board controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly along the steel rails.
The scheme for identifying the fracture and deformation of the steel rail by the high-definition camera comprises the following steps: because unmanned aerial vehicle is along the track flight, so unmanned aerial vehicle suspends in the air on the rail, gather orbital picture through high definition digtal camera and upload to control circuit board, carry out image recognition in control circuit board, in the binary image, obvious difference can appear in the pixel of rail fracture department, judge whether the rail breaks through calculating the pixel, and when the rail takes place deformation, the distance between two rails also can change, and in the image, there is obvious difference in the pixel value of rail and the pixel value of background picture, judge whether the rail takes place deformation through the interval of calculating between two rail pixel values.
The wireless charging station is arranged along the railway and used for charging the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The wireless charging station comprises a supporting table, a ZigBee terminal node, a wireless electric energy transmitter and a voltage stabilizer, wherein the voltage stabilizer is installed in the supporting table and connected between 220V mains supply and the wireless electric energy transmitter, the 220V mains supply is stabilized and then supplies power to the wireless electric energy transmitter, the ZigBee terminal node and the wireless electric energy transmitter are installed above the supporting table, the wireless electric energy transmitter is used for supplying power to a wireless electric energy receiver, wireless charging of an unmanned aerial vehicle is achieved, and the ZigBee terminal node is used for establishing a wireless connection relation with a ZigBee router.
The scheme for finding the wireless charging station by the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: the ZigBee terminal nodes and the ZigBee router are provided with the same communication protocol, only the ZigBee router on the unmanned aerial vehicle can communicate with the ZigBee terminal nodes of the wireless charging station, when the voltage sensor and the current sensor detect that the voltage and the current of the storage battery of the unmanned aerial vehicle are lower than the preset value, the control circuit board controls and controls the ZigBee router to be opened, the ZigBee router establishes communication with the nearest ZigBee terminal node, the speed regulator regulates the rotating speed of the rotating motor, further adjusting the direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the ZigBee terminal node which is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle, staying on the wireless charging station, then the wireless power transmitter supplies power to the wireless power receiver, the wireless power receiver transmits the power to the storage battery, after voltage sensor, current sensor detected the voltage current of battery normal, showed the end of charging, control circuit board control unmanned aerial vehicle flies to the track top and continues to patrol and examine.
The 5G module is used for transmitting contact line wear information, the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, steel rail deformation, fracture information and road condition picture information processed by the control circuit board to the monitoring center in real time, the monitoring center can determine a point needing maintenance according to the information along the railway transmitted by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the monitoring center can also transmit an instruction to the 5G module through a 5G communication technology to control the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, when a train passes through the railway section to be inspected, the monitoring center automatically transmits information about the train to the unmanned aerial vehicle in advance, and the control circuit board controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to change the flight direction and fly to a nearby wireless charging station for waiting.
The scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle for railway inspection is as follows: when the railway inspection is not needed, the control circuit board controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a nearby wireless charging station for charging and waiting, when the railway inspection is needed, the control circuit board controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the upper part of the track, when the laser ranging radar is used for detecting that the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle from the ground exceeds a preset value, the control circuit board controls the speed regulator to change the rotating speed of the rotating motor, further the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted, when the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is in the preset value, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is normal, then the picture information of the track is collected by the pan-tilt camera, the control circuit board identifies the position of the steel rail according to the picture information collected by the pan-tilt camera, the two steel rails are used as tracking lines for flying, when an obstacle appears on the track, the control circuit board controls the 5G module to transmit, Deformation detects, when detecting that the rail crack appears or when deformation, show that the rail has appeared unusually, control circuit board just controls the 5G module and uploads the rail unusual information that fracture appears or deformation to the surveillance center, detect the wearing and tearing condition of contact wire through laser imaging radar, calculate the degree of wear of contact wire in control circuit board, and upload contact wire unusual information to the surveillance center, when voltage sensor, current sensor detects when unmanned aerial vehicle's battery voltage electric current is less than the default, show that unmanned aerial vehicle need charge, control circuit board control unmanned aerial vehicle flies to charge to the wireless charging station that is just close, it patrols and examines to continue to fly to the track after waiting to charge, end up patrolling and examining.
The control circuit board of the invention adopts a DSP control board.
Because the invention adopts the structure of unmanned aerial vehicle routing inspection and 5G module communication, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
carry the laser imaging radar through unmanned aerial vehicle and carry out wearing and tearing detection to the contact wire of contact net, carry the cloud platform camera and carry out tracking flight, carry the fracture of high definition digtal camera to the rail, deformation is discerned, adopt the position at the current place of big dipper orientation module real-time positioning unmanned aerial vehicle, and be equipped with wireless platform that charges along the railway, provide the platform that charges when patrolling and examining along the line to unmanned aerial vehicle, improve unmanned aerial vehicle's ability of cruising, and carry out analysis and storage to the surveillance center through the data real-time transmission that 5G communication technology will gather. The method effectively replaces manual inspection along the line, improves the detection precision, reduces the labor intensity of workers, is not influenced by rail obstacles and steel rail deformation and fracture, and can be used for normal inspection along the line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on the 5G technology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on 5G technology;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a wireless charging stand of a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on a 5G technology;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging station of the railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on the 5G technology;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a scheme for finding a wireless charging station by an unmanned aerial vehicle of a railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on a 5G technology;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of the railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on the 5G technology.
The main elements are indicated by symbols.
Figure BDA0002895747660000051
Figure BDA0002895747660000061
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the railway inspection unmanned aerial vehicle based on the 5G technology includes an unmanned aerial vehicle model airplane 1, a fan blade propeller 2, a rotating electrical machine 3, a speed regulator 4, a storage battery 5, a pan-tilt camera 6, a control circuit board 7, a laser imaging radar 8, a 5G module 9, a Beidou positioning module 10, a high-definition camera 11, a laser ranging radar 12, a wireless power receiver 13, a voltage sensor 14, a current sensor 15 and a ZigBee router 16.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the main structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle is composed of the unmanned aerial vehicle model 1, the fan blade propellers 2, the rotating electrical machines 3, the speed regulators 4, the storage battery 5 and the control circuit board 7, wherein the same rotating electrical machines 3 and speed regulators 4 are respectively installed on four supports of the unmanned aerial vehicle model 1, the fan blade propellers 2 are installed on each rotating electrical machine 3, the control circuit board 7 and the storage battery 5 are installed in the unmanned aerial vehicle model 1, the rotating electrical machines 3, the speed regulators 4 and the control circuit board 7 are supplied with power by the storage battery 5, the speed regulators 4 are electrically connected with the rotating electrical machines 3 and the control circuit board 7, the control circuit board 7 controls the output voltage value of the speed regulators 4 to adjust the rotating speed of the rotating electrical machines 3, the control circuit board 7 controls the output of the speed regulators 4 to adjust the speed of the rotating electrical machines 3, the flying direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the flying height, the laser imaging radar 8, the 5G module 9 and the Beidou positioning module 10 are installed above an unmanned aerial vehicle model airplane 1, the laser imaging radar 8 is used for detecting the abrasion condition of a contact wire and transmitting the detected information to the control circuit board 7 for processing, the diameter of the contact wire is calculated in the control circuit board 7 so as to judge the abrasion degree of the contact wire, the Beidou positioning module 10 is used for positioning the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, a monitoring center can conveniently know the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the tripod head camera 6, the high-definition camera 11, the laser ranging radar 12, the wireless power receiver 13, the voltage sensor 14, the current sensor 15 and the ZigBee router 16 are installed at the bottom end of the unmanned aerial vehicle model airplane 1, the tripod head camera 6 is used for assisting the unmanned aerial vehicle in tracking flight, the high-definition camera 11 is used for identifying the fracture and deformation of a steel rail, and the laser ranging radar, control circuit board 7 adjusts unmanned aerial vehicle's flying height according to the distance that laser rangefinder radar 12 detected, make unmanned aerial vehicle flying height be in the default within range, keep and the distance between the track, voltage sensor 14, current sensor 15 is used for detecting battery 5's voltage and electric current respectively, and transmit the voltage current information who detects to control circuit board 7, when battery 5's voltage electric current takes place corresponding change, control circuit board 7 just controls unmanned aerial vehicle and flies to charging with regard to nearly wireless charging platform 17, wireless power receiver 13 is used for establishing unmanned aerial vehicle and wireless charging platform 17's charging connection, zigBee router 16 is used for assisting unmanned aerial vehicle to look for wireless charging platform 17.
The scheme that 6 supplementary unmanned aerial vehicle of cloud platform camera carry out tracking flight does: because the railway track is mainly formed by combining two steel rails and sleepers, the image information of the steel rails is collected through the pan-tilt camera 6 and is transmitted to the control circuit board 7 for image recognition processing, the relative positions of the two steel rails are recognized through an image recognition algorithm, and the control circuit board 7 controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly along the steel rails by taking the two steel rails as a tracking line.
The scheme that the high-definition camera 11 identifies the fracture and the deformation of the steel rail is as follows: because unmanned aerial vehicle is along the track flight, so unmanned aerial vehicle suspends in the air on the rail, gather orbital picture through high definition digtal camera 11 and upload to control circuit board 7, carry out image recognition in control circuit board 7, in the binary image, obvious difference can appear in the pixel of rail fracture department, judge whether the rail breaks through calculating the pixel, and when the rail takes place deformation, the distance between two rails also can change, and in the image, there is obvious difference in the pixel value of rail and the pixel value of background picture, judge whether the rail takes place deformation through calculating the interval between two rail pixel values.
As shown in fig. 3, be equipped with wireless platform 17 that charges along the railway for unmanned aerial vehicle charges, when unmanned aerial vehicle need charge, can fly to the wireless platform 17 that charges of being nearby and charge.
As shown in fig. 4, wireless charging station 17 include brace table 18, ZigBee terminal node 19, wireless power transmitter 20, stabiliser 21 is installed in brace table 18, and stabiliser 21 connects between 220V commercial power and wireless power transmitter 20, supply power for wireless power transmitter 20 after stabilizing 220V commercial power, ZigBee terminal node 19, wireless power transmitter 20 installs in brace table 18 top, wireless power transmitter 20 is used for supplying power for wireless power receiver 13, realize unmanned aerial vehicle's wireless charging, ZigBee terminal node 19 is used for establishing the wireless connection relation with ZigBee router 16.
The scheme for finding the wireless charging station 17 by the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: the same communication protocol is set in the ZigBee terminal node 19 and the ZigBee router 16, only the ZigBee router 16 on the unmanned aerial vehicle can communicate with the ZigBee terminal node 19 of the wireless charging station 17, when the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 detect that the voltage and the current of the storage battery 5 of the unmanned aerial vehicle are lower than the preset value, the control circuit board 7 controls the ZigBee router 16 to be opened, the ZigBee router 16 establishes communication with the nearest ZigBee terminal node 19, the speed regulator 4 regulates the rotating speed of the rotating motor 3, further regulates the direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the ZigBee terminal node 19 which has established connection, the unmanned aerial vehicle stays on the wireless charging station 17, then the wireless power transmitter 20 supplies power to the wireless power receiver 13, the power is transmitted to the storage battery 5 through the wireless power receiver 13, when the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 detect that the voltage and the current of the storage battery 5 are normal, the charging is finished, and the control circuit board 7 controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the upper part of the track to continue to patrol.
5G module 9 be used for the contact wire wearing and tearing information after 7 processings of control circuit board, unmanned aerial vehicle position, rail deformation, fracture information, road conditions picture information real-time transmission to the surveillance center, the surveillance center can confirm the point that needs the maintenance according to the railway information along the line that unmanned aerial vehicle transmitted, and then realize pertinence, the purpose is overhauld, reduce staff's intensity of labour, also can be by the surveillance center through 5G communication technology to 5G module 9 sending instruction and control unmanned aerial vehicle's flight, when the railway section of the railway highway section of patrolling and examining has the train to pass through, the surveillance center sends the information that has the train to go to unmanned aerial vehicle in advance automatically, control circuit board 7 is convenient for control unmanned aerial vehicle changes flight direction, it waits to fly to the wireless platform 17 that charges nearby.
As shown in fig. 5, the scheme for the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out railway inspection is as follows: when railway inspection is not needed, the control circuit board 7 controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the near wireless charging station 17 for charging and waiting, when the railway inspection is needed, the control circuit board 7 controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to the upper part of the track, when the laser ranging radar 12 is used for detecting that the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle from the ground exceeds a preset value, the control circuit board 7 controls the speed regulator 4 to change the rotating speed of the rotating motor 3 so as to adjust the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, when the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is in the preset value, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is normal, then the pan-tilt camera 6 acquires picture information of the track, the control circuit board 7 identifies the position of the steel rail according to the picture information acquired by the pan-tilt camera 6, two steel rails are used as tracking lines for flying, when an obstacle appears on the track, the control circuit board 7 controls the 5, crack through high definition digtal camera 11 to the rail, deformation detects, when detecting that crack or deformation appear in the rail, it has appeared unusually to show the rail, control circuit board 7 just controls 5G module 9 and uploads the rail unusual information that fracture or deformation appear to the surveillance center, detect the wearing and tearing condition of contact wire through laser imaging radar 8, calculate the degree of wear of contact wire in control circuit board 7, and upload contact wire unusual information to the surveillance center, when voltage sensor 14, current sensor 15 detects when unmanned aerial vehicle's battery 5 voltage electric current is less than the default, show that unmanned aerial vehicle need charge, control circuit board 7 control unmanned aerial vehicle flies to charge to wireless charging station near just, continue to fly to patrol and examine on the track after waiting for the charge, it finishes to patrol and examine up to patrolling and examining.
The control circuit board 7 of the present invention adopts a DSP control board.
The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, the control circuit board 7 controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly along the rail according to the rail picture collected by the pan/tilt/zoom camera 6 as a tracking route, the control circuit board 7 controls the output of the speed regulator 4, the speed regulator 4 adjusts the speed of the rotating motors 3, the flying direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle are controlled by adjusting different rotating speeds of the rotating motors 3, the high definition camera 11 collects the track picture and uploads the track picture to the control circuit board 7, image recognition is performed in the control circuit board 7, the fracture condition and deformation condition of the rail are recognized, the control circuit board 7 adjusts the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the distance detected by the laser ranging radar 12, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is in a preset value range, the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the track is kept, the laser imaging radar 8 detects the wear condition of the contact wire, the diameter of a contact wire is calculated in a control circuit board 7, the abrasion degree of the contact wire is further judged, a Beidou positioning module 10 is used for positioning the current position of an unmanned aerial vehicle in real time and transmitting detected position information to the control circuit board 7, a voltage sensor 14 and a current sensor 15 respectively detect the voltage and the current of a storage battery 5 and transmit detected voltage and current information to the control circuit board 7, when the voltage and the current of the storage battery 5 change correspondingly, the control circuit board 7 controls and controls a ZigBee router 16 to be opened, the ZigBee router 16 establishes communication with a nearest ZigBee terminal node 19, a speed regulator 4 regulates the rotating speed of a rotating motor 3, the direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle is further regulated to fly to the ZigBee terminal node 19 which is connected, the unmanned aerial vehicle stops on a wireless charging platform 17 for charging, and the control circuit board 7 controls a 5G module 9 to control the abrasion information of the contact wire processed by the control circuit board 7 to fly, Unmanned aerial vehicle position, rail deformation, fracture information, road conditions picture information real time transport to surveillance center, the surveillance center can be according to the railway information determination point that needs the maintenance along the line that unmanned aerial vehicle transmitted, also can be by the surveillance center through 5G communication technology to 5G module 9 send instruction control unmanned aerial vehicle's flight, when there is the train to pass through by the railway highway section of patrolling and examining, the surveillance center sends the information that has the train to go to unmanned aerial vehicle in advance automatically, control circuit board 7 just controls unmanned aerial vehicle and changes the flight direction, fly to waiting to the wireless platform 17 that charges nearby.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:包括无人机航模、风叶螺旋桨、旋转电机、调速器、蓄电池、云台相机、控制电路板、激光成像雷达、5G模块、北斗定位模块、高清摄像头、激光测距雷达、无线电能接收器、电压传感器、电流传感器、ZigBee路由器,由无人机航模、风叶螺旋桨、旋转电机、调速器、蓄电池、控制电路板组成无人机的主体结构,其中无人机航模的四个支架上分别安装有相同的旋转电机和调速器,每个旋转电机上安装有风叶螺旋桨,控制电路板、蓄电池安装在无人机航模中,由蓄电池为旋转电机、调速器、控制电路板供电,通过控制电路板控制调速器的输出,进而调速器对旋转电机进行调速,通过调节各个旋转电机不同转速来控制无人机的飞行方向和调节无人机的飞行高度,激光成像雷达、5G模块、北斗定位模块安装在无人机航模的上方,激光成像雷达用于检测接触线的磨损情况,在控制电路板中计算出接触线的直径,进而判断接触线的磨损程度,北斗定位模块用于实时定位无人机当前所在的位置,云台相机、高清摄像头、激光测距雷达、无线电能接收器、电压传感器、电流传感器、ZigBee路由器安装在无人机航模的底端,云台相机用于辅助无人机进行循迹飞行,高清摄像头对钢轨的断裂、形变进行识别,激光测距雷达用于检测无人机距离地面的高度,电压传感器、电流传感器用于分别检测蓄电池的电压和电流,并将检测到的电压电流信息传输至控制电路板。1. A railway inspection drone based on 5G technology is characterized in that: comprising a drone model, a wind blade propeller, a rotary motor, a speed governor, a battery, a pan-tilt camera, a control circuit board, a laser imaging radar, 5G module, Beidou positioning module, high-definition camera, laser ranging radar, wireless power receiver, voltage sensor, current sensor, ZigBee router, consisting of drone model aircraft, wind blade propeller, rotating motor, governor, battery, control circuit The board constitutes the main structure of the UAV. The four brackets of the UAV model are respectively equipped with the same rotating motor and governor, each rotating motor is equipped with a fan blade propeller, and the control circuit board and battery are installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle. In the man-machine aircraft model, the battery supplies power to the rotating motor, the governor, and the control circuit board, and the output of the governor is controlled by the control circuit board, and then the governor regulates the speed of the rotating motor. Control the flight direction of the drone and adjust the flight height of the drone. The laser imaging radar, 5G module, and Beidou positioning module are installed above the drone model. The laser imaging radar is used to detect the wear of the contact line. In the control circuit The diameter of the contact line is calculated in the board, and then the degree of wear of the contact line is judged. The Beidou positioning module is used to locate the current position of the drone in real time. The PTZ camera, high-definition camera, laser ranging radar, wireless energy receiver, voltage Sensors, current sensors, and ZigBee routers are installed at the bottom of the drone model. The pan-tilt camera is used to assist the drone in tracking flight. The high-definition camera identifies the fracture and deformation of the rail. The height of the man-machine from the ground, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are used to detect the voltage and current of the battery respectively, and transmit the detected voltage and current information to the control circuit board. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述云台相机辅助无人机进行循迹飞行的方案为:铁路轨道主要是由两根钢轨和轨枕组合而成的,通过云台相机采集钢轨的图像信息并传输至控制电路板进行图像识别处理,通过图像识别算法识别出两根钢轨所在的相对位置,以两根钢轨为循迹线,控制电路板便控制无人机沿着钢轨飞行。2. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the scheme that the PTZ camera assists the drone to carry out tracking flight is: the railway track is mainly composed of two steel rails and It is composed of sleepers. The image information of the rails is collected by the pan-tilt camera and transmitted to the control circuit board for image recognition processing. The relative positions of the two rails are identified through the image recognition algorithm, and the two rails are used as tracking lines. The circuit board then controls the drone to fly along the rails. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述高清摄像头对钢轨的断裂、形变进行识别的方案为:无人机沿着轨道飞行,无人机悬在钢轨上空,通过高清摄像头采集轨道的图片上传至控制电路板,在控制电路板中进行图像识别,在二值图像中,钢轨断裂处的像素会出现明显的不同,通过计算像素来判断钢轨是否断裂,而当钢轨发生形变时,两根钢轨之间的距离也会改变,且在图像中,钢轨的像素值与背景图的像素值存在明显的差异,通过计算两根钢轨像素值之间的间距来判断钢轨是否发生形变。3. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1, wherein the high-definition camera identifies the fracture and deformation of the rail as follows: the drone flies along the track, and the unmanned The machine is suspended above the rail, and the picture of the rail is collected by the high-definition camera and uploaded to the control circuit board, and the image recognition is carried out in the control circuit board. Whether the rail is broken, and when the rail is deformed, the distance between the two rails will also change, and in the image, there is a significant difference between the pixel value of the rail and the pixel value of the background image, by calculating the pixel value of the two rails. The distance between them can be used to judge whether the rail is deformed. 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述无线电能接收器通过在铁路沿线设有的无线充电台上进行取电。4 . The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1 , wherein the wireless power receiver obtains power through a wireless charging station provided along the railway. 5 . 5.根据权利要求4所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述无线充电台包括支撑台、ZigBee终端节点、无线电能发射器、稳压器,稳压器安装在支撑台中,且稳压器连接在220V市电与无线电能发射器之间,将220V市电稳压后为无线电能发射器供电,ZigBee终端节点、无线电能发射器安装在支撑台上方,无线电能发射器用于为无线电能接收器供电,实现无人机的无线充电,ZigBee终端节点用于与ZigBee路由器建立无线连接关系。5. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: the wireless charging station comprises a support table, a ZigBee terminal node, a wireless power transmitter, a voltage stabilizer, and the voltage stabilizer is installed In the support table, and the voltage stabilizer is connected between the 220V mains and the wireless power transmitter, the 220V mains power is stabilized to supply power to the wireless power transmitter, the ZigBee terminal node and the wireless power transmitter are installed above the support table, and the radio The energy transmitter is used to supply power to the wireless energy receiver to realize the wireless charging of the drone, and the ZigBee terminal node is used to establish a wireless connection relationship with the ZigBee router. 6.根据权利要求5所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述无人机寻找无线充电台的方案为:在ZigBee终端节点和ZigBee路由器中设置相同的通信协议,只有无人机上的ZigBee路由器才能与无线充电台的ZigBee终端节点进行通信,当电压传感器、电流传感器检测到无人机的蓄电池电压电流低于预设值时,控制电路板控制控制ZigBee路由器打开,ZigBee路由器与最近的ZigBee终端节点建立通讯,调速器调节旋转电机的转速,进而调节无人机的方向向已经建立连接的ZigBee终端节点处飞去,停留在无线充电台上,接着无线电能发射器为无线电能接收器供电,通过无线电能接收器将电能传输给蓄电池,当电压传感器、电流传感器检测蓄电池的电压电流正常后,表明充电结束,控制电路板控制无人机飞往轨道上方继续巡检。6. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: the solution for the drone to find a wireless charging station is: setting the same communication protocol in the ZigBee terminal node and the ZigBee router , only the ZigBee router on the drone can communicate with the ZigBee terminal node of the wireless charging station. When the voltage sensor and current sensor detect that the battery voltage and current of the drone is lower than the preset value, the control circuit board controls the ZigBee router to turn on , the ZigBee router establishes communication with the nearest ZigBee terminal node, the governor adjusts the speed of the rotating motor, and then adjusts the direction of the drone to fly to the ZigBee terminal node that has established a connection, stay on the wireless charging station, and then wireless energy The transmitter supplies power to the wireless power receiver, and transmits power to the battery through the wireless power receiver. When the voltage and current sensors detect that the voltage and current of the battery are normal, it indicates that the charging is over, and the control circuit board controls the drone to fly to the top of the track to continue. Inspection. 7.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述5G模块用于将控制电路板处理后的接触线磨损信息、无人机所在位置、钢轨形变、断裂信息、路况图片信息实时传输至监控中心,监控中心可根据无人机传来的铁路沿线信息确定需要维修的点,也可以由监控中心通过5G通信技术向5G模块发送指令来控制无人机的飞行,当被巡检的铁路路段有列车通过时,监控中心提前自动向无人机发送有列车前往的信息,控制电路板便控制无人机改变飞行方向,飞往就近的无线充电台进行等待。7. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1, wherein the 5G module is used to control the wear information of the contact wire, the location of the drone, and the deformation of the rail after processing the control circuit board. , Fracture information and road condition picture information are transmitted to the monitoring center in real time. The monitoring center can determine the points that need to be repaired according to the information along the railway line transmitted by the drone, or the monitoring center can send instructions to the 5G module through 5G communication technology to control the unmanned aerial vehicle. During the flight of the drone, when a train passes through the inspected railway section, the monitoring center automatically sends the information of the train to the drone in advance, and the control circuit board controls the drone to change the flight direction and fly to the nearest wireless charging station. to wait. 8.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述无人机进行铁路巡检的方案为:不需要进行铁路巡检时,控制电路板控制无人机飞往就近无线充电台进行充电等候,需要进行铁路巡检时,控制电路板控制无人机飞往轨道上方,当激光测距雷达用于检测无人机距离地面的高度超出预设值时,控制电路板控制调速器来改变旋转电机的转速,进而调节无人机的飞行高度,当无人机的飞行高度处于预设值时,表示无人机的飞行高度正常,接着由云台相机采集轨道的图片信息,控制电路板根据云台相机采集到的图片信息来识别钢轨的位置,以两根钢轨作为循迹线进行飞行,当轨道上出现障碍物时,控制电路板便控制5G模块将障碍物图片信息传输至监控中心,通过高清摄像头对钢轨的裂缝、形变进行检测,当检测到钢轨出现裂缝或者形变时,表明钢轨出现了异常,控制电路板便控制5G模块向监控中心上传钢轨出现断裂或者形变的异常信息,通过激光成像雷达检测接触线的磨损情况,在控制电路板中计算出接触线的磨损程度,并将接触线异常信息上传至监控中心,当电压传感器、电流传感器检测到无人机的蓄电池电压电流低于预设值时,表明无人机需要充电,控制电路板控制无人机飞往就近的无线充电站进行充电,等待充电结束后继续飞往轨道上进行巡检,直到巡检结束。8. The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solution for the drone to perform railway inspection is: when the railway inspection is not required, the control circuit board controls no The man-machine flies to the nearest wireless charging station for charging and waiting. When railway inspection is required, the control circuit board controls the drone to fly to the top of the track. When the laser ranging radar is used to detect that the height of the drone from the ground exceeds the preset value When the control circuit board controls the governor to change the speed of the rotating motor, and then adjust the flying height of the drone, when the flying altitude of the drone is at the preset value, it means that the flying altitude of the drone is normal, and then the cloud The camera collects the picture information of the track, and the control circuit board identifies the position of the rail according to the picture information collected by the PTZ camera, and uses the two steel rails as the tracking line to fly. When there are obstacles on the track, the control circuit board will control the The 5G module transmits the obstacle picture information to the monitoring center, and detects the cracks and deformation of the rail through the high-definition camera. When the crack or deformation of the rail is detected, it indicates that the rail is abnormal, and the control circuit board controls the 5G module to the monitoring center. Upload the abnormal information about the fracture or deformation of the rail, detect the wear of the contact line through the laser imaging radar, calculate the wear degree of the contact line in the control circuit board, and upload the abnormal information of the contact line to the monitoring center. When the voltage sensor, current When the sensor detects that the battery voltage and current of the drone is lower than the preset value, it indicates that the drone needs to be charged, and the control circuit board controls the drone to fly to the nearest wireless charging station for charging, and continues to fly to the track after the charging is completed. Carry out the inspection until the inspection is over. 9.根据权利要求1所述的基于5G技术的铁路巡检无人机,其特征在于:所述控制电路板采用DSP控制板。9 . The railway inspection drone based on 5G technology according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuit board adopts a DSP control board. 10 .
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CN113720676B (en) * 2021-08-16 2024-05-07 中国飞机强度研究所 Deformation damage detecting system for inspection of inner cabin in aircraft structure fatigue test
TWI800137B (en) * 2021-12-03 2023-04-21 國立虎尾科技大學 Intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle railway monitoring system and method
CN117073570A (en) * 2023-10-12 2023-11-17 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 Tunnel deformation degree detection system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle
CN117073570B (en) * 2023-10-12 2023-12-19 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 Tunnel deformation degree detection system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle

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