CN112881328B - Method for predicting strength of altered rock based on short-wave infrared spectrum technology - Google Patents
Method for predicting strength of altered rock based on short-wave infrared spectrum technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting the strength of a changed rock based on a short-wave infrared spectrum technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock; s2, taking a sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, performing short-wave infrared spectrum test to obtain a short-wave infrared spectrum of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, analyzing the curve characteristics of the sample, and obtaining the predicted strength of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock according to a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock. According to the invention, the shortwave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the changed rock is firstly established, and then the strength of the sample of the changed rock to be tested can be rapidly, accurately and conveniently predicted in a grading manner according to the model, so that the detection cost can be greatly saved, the construction period can be saved, and the method has great practical significance for large-scale engineering construction in the changed rock region.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological resource and geological engineering research, in particular to the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the strength of a changed rock based on a short-wave infrared spectrum technology.
Background
The alteration causes a change in the chemical composition, mineral composition and structural configuration of the rock, and the rock formed is called altered rock. The altered rock is commonly used in various rock mass engineering such as hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering (such as a big hillside dam area, a Guangzhou pumped storage power station, a Langya mountain pumped storage power station, a green hydropower station, a Tianchi pumped storage power station, a small bay hydropower station and a Zhejiang pan pumped storage power station), traffic engineering (such as a Luoshan railway, a Yunnan Tibetan railway, a lamp village tunnel and a clear water tunnel) and the like.
The alteration changes the mineral composition of the rock mass, reduces the quality of the rock mass, deteriorates the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, finally weakens the engineering geological properties of the rock mass, and has adverse effects on the stability and durability of the rock mass engineering. The lamp village tunnel has several large-scale mud and water bursting events during the excavation process due to the large scale alteration of most granite and tuff near the contact zone. Jiang Xiaozhong studies have shown that alteration of rock mass is one of the main factors controlling the stability of large span underground caverns. In the process of excavating a clear water tunnel, groundwater seepage and softening of the changed rock when meeting water are the most main factors for causing tunnel deformation in the changed rock area. The stability of the underground cavern, the dam foundation and the reservoir side slope surrounding rock of the sky pool pumped storage power station is directly influenced by rock mass alteration, and the durability of engineering bodies and supporting structures is influenced by the long-term influence of the rock mass alteration during engineering operation. Sun Jiang studies indicate that altered rock mass becomes more loosely structured and less strong under groundwater and osmotic deformation occurs. The rock is changed strongly and has dilatation phenomenon, and collapse is easy to occur during excavation. After the changed rock mass is excavated, the surrounding rock is still greatly deformed despite the primary support, and the construction safety and the stability of the tunnel structure are greatly affected. Yang Genlan it is pointed out that the engineering properties of the altered rock will affect the stability of the dam foundation and even the safety of the dam.
The compressive strength is one of the most important mechanical indexes of the rock, and the prior method has the defects that the compressive strength of the changed rock is obtained by the technical means of the prior method and mostly depends on in-situ tests and indoor tests, and the method has long period and high cost and cannot be developed on a large scale.
Therefore, the method for predicting the strength of the changed rock based on the short-wave infrared spectrum technology is established, the strength of the changed rock can be rapidly and accurately predicted, engineering investigation, planning, design, construction and later operation and maintenance are better served, the detection cost can be greatly saved, the construction period can be saved, and the method has great practical significance for large-scale engineering construction in the changed rock area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the strength of a changed rock based on a short-wave infrared spectrum technology for better serving actual engineering and providing basis for site decision of construction processes of engineering survey, planning, design, construction and the like.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method for predicting the strength of a changed rock based on a shortwave infrared spectrum technology comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock;
s2, taking a sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, performing short-wave infrared spectrum test to obtain a short-wave infrared spectrum of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, analyzing the curve characteristics of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, and obtaining the predicted strength of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock according to a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock.
Preferably, the main parameter indexes of the instrument used for the short-wave infrared spectrum test are as follows: the detection range of the instrument is 1300-2500 nm.
Preferably, the other parameter indexes of the instrument used for the short-wave infrared spectrum test are as follows: spectral bandwidth: better than 7nm; spectral scan resolution: 2nm; wavelength accuracy: better than +/-1 nm; wavelength repeatability: better than + -0.2 nm; signal-to-noise ratio: average better than 2500:1, rms better than 10000:1.
Preferably, the short-wave infrared spectrum test system is a mineral spectrum analysis expert system MSA.
Preferably, the curve features in the step S1 include the number features and peak position features of characteristic absorption peaks in the short-wave infrared spectrogram.
Preferably, the short-wave infrared spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock is shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 comparison of short-wave IR spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive Strength data relationship model for altered rock
In four characteristic absorption peak position intervals of 1350-1550 nm, 1880-2040 nm, 2160-2220 nm and 2306-2365 nm, the strength of the changed rock with 2 characteristic absorption peaks is I grade, and is more than 150MPa; the absorption peak with 4 characteristics is II grade, and the intensity is 100-150 MPa; the 3 characteristic absorption peaks are class III with intensity <100MPa.
According to the method, firstly, a shortwave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the changed rock is established, then, according to the model, the strength grading/prediction can be quickly (the strength grading/prediction can be performed in time), the accuracy is high (the accuracy rate of the method reaches 85 percent, the SWIR is low in environmental requirement and can be performed on an engineering site), the strength of a sample to be measured of the changed rock is graded and predicted, engineering investigation, planning, design, construction and later operation and maintenance can be better served, the detection cost can be greatly saved, the construction period can be saved, and the method has great practical significance for large engineering construction in the changed rock area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an altered rock sample SWIR spectrum test analysis apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the short-wave infrared spectrum of the rock sample SK24-10-1 (3 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 3 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample YK10-22-1 (4 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 4 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample YK10-11-2 (2 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 5 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample YK10-4-1 (3 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 6 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample XK6-9-1 (4 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 7 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample XK6-8-1 (2 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 8 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample YK7-3-1 (3 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 9 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample XK31-17-1 (3 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 10 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample YK10-27-1 (4 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 11 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample SK31-1-15-1-2 (4 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 12 is a graph of a short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample SK31-1-1-1-1 (2 characteristic absorption peaks);
FIG. 13 is a graph of the short-wave infrared spectrum of a rock sample SK31-1-2-1 (2 characteristic absorption peaks).
In the drawings, a 1-computer, a 2-BKF-II type portable near infrared mineral analyzer, a 3-light source test window, a 4-sample, a 5-standard whiteboard and a 6-mineral rapid determination and analysis system MSA are shown.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for predicting the strength of a changed rock based on a short-wave infrared spectrum technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock;
s2, taking a sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, performing short-wave infrared spectrum test to obtain a short-wave infrared spectrum of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, analyzing the curve characteristics of the sample, and obtaining the predicted strength of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock according to a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock.
The short-wave infrared spectrum technology is widely applied to analysis of the mineral components of the changed rock, the technology is mature, however, at present, no research report combining the short-wave infrared spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the changed rock is yet to be established, and according to the model and a short-wave infrared spectrum test spectrogram of a to-be-tested changed rock sample, the method can be used for quickly (the strength grading/prediction can be performed in real time) and conveniently (the accuracy of the method reaches more than 85 percent) and has good engineering application value because SWIR has low environmental requirements and can be performed on an engineering site.
The shortwave infrared spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock can be obtained by analyzing the relation between the curve characteristic of the obtained shortwave infrared spectrum and the corresponding uniaxial compressive strength on the basis of carrying out shortwave infrared spectrum tests and indoor uniaxial compressive strength tests on a plurality of typical altered rock samples.
Typical altered rock samples are taken from multiple groups of core samples of altered rock drilled by a drilling machine from different sites, different rock types and different alteration degrees of 4 degrees in a hydropower station engineering area in eastern province of China, and in principle, the more and better the number and the variety of the samples are, the more complete the rock structure is required, the sample can be formed, and the indoor uniaxial compressive strength test can be performed.
Preferably, the main parameter indexes of the short-wave infrared spectrum testing instrument are as follows: the detection range of the instrument is 1300-2500 nm.
Other parameter indexes of the short-wave infrared spectrum testing instrument are as follows: spectral bandwidth: better than 7nm; spectral scan resolution: 2nm; wavelength accuracy: better than +/-1 nm; wavelength repeatability: better than + -0.2 nm; signal-to-noise ratio: average better than 2500:1, rms better than 10000:1.
Preferably, the short-wave infrared spectrum tester of the invention is a BKF-II portable near infrared mineral analyzer (Nanjing Zhongdi Instrument Co., ltd.) and the testing system is a mineral spectrum analysis expert system MSA (Mineral Spectral Analyses) carried by the instrument, as shown in FIG. 1.
The short-wave infrared spectrum test mainly comprises the following steps:
1) Connecting the BKF-II type portable near infrared mineral analyzer with a computer, and opening a mineral spectrum analysis expert system MSA in the computer; 2) Initializing (performing wavelength initialization); 3) Background scanning; 4) Reference scan (first placing the reference plate over the window and then clicking to perform the reference scan); 5: sample scanning (scanning the point to be tested of the sample against the test window). The curve characteristic analysis of the short-wave infrared spectrogram of the sample can adopt a near-infrared mineral rapid determination and analysis system MSAV7.0825".
Preferably, the step S1 curve features include the number features and peak position features of characteristic absorption peaks in the short-wave infrared spectrogram. The number and position of characteristic absorption peaks can characterize the type of mineral components in the altered rock and thus the altered rock strength to some extent.
The curve characteristic analysis mainly comprises the following steps:
1) Opening a near infrared mineral rapid determination and analysis system MSAV7.0825; 2) Opening a spectrum file of the sample of the alteration rock obtained by the test, such as sample SK24-10-1.Xlc, wherein the spectrum file is an SWIR spectrum curve of sample SK24-10-1 after being opened, as shown in figure 2; 3) The peak-seeking wavelength interval is preferably 1350 to 1550nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 1"), 1880 to 2040nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 2"), 2160 to 2220nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 3"), 2306 to 2365nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 4"); 4) Clicking the "peak searching" function, the wavelengths of absorption peaks (hereinafter referred to as "characteristic absorption peaks") in 4 wavelength regions on the curve are obtained, the number of characteristic absorption peaks of the SWIR spectrum curve of the sample SK24-10-1 is 3, and the characteristic absorption peaks are respectively located in 1414nm (region 1), 1912nm (region 2) and 2204nm (region 3), and no characteristic absorption peak is located in the region 4, as shown in fig. 2.
The short-wave infrared spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock established through analysis and research is shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 comparison of short-wave IR spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive Strength data relationship model for altered rock
From table 1, it can be seen that the altered rock intensities can be classified into 3 classes based on the altered rock SWIR curve characteristic absorption peak number characteristics:
grade I, the intensity is higher than 150MPa. The rock mass shortwave infrared spectrum has the following characteristics: in the 4 characteristic absorption peak position intervals, 2 obvious characteristic absorption peaks exist;
and II, the strength is 100-150 MPa. The rock mass shortwave infrared spectrum has the following characteristics: among the 4 characteristic absorption peak position intervals, there are 4 distinct characteristic absorption peaks;
grade III, strength lower than 100MPa. The rock mass shortwave infrared spectrum has the following characteristics: among the 4 characteristic absorption peak position intervals, there are 3 distinct characteristic absorption peaks.
The study also found that there were very individual samples with less than 2 characteristic absorption peaks in the above interval, and the intensity was not significantly regular.
Verification of accuracy of method
And (3) taking 60 groups of to-be-tested alteration rock samples for short-wave infrared spectrum SWIR test analysis and indoor uniaxial compression test, obtaining the number of characteristic absorption peaks of each sample in a peak position interval and the uniaxial compressive strength of each sample, and verifying the accuracy and the practicability of the method. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the instruments used for the test were: BKF-II type portable near infrared mineral analyzer (Nanjing Zhongdi Instrument Co., ltd.) has main parameter indexes as follows: instrument detection range: 1300-2500 nm; spectral bandwidth: better than 7nm; spectral scan resolution: 2nm; wavelength accuracy: better than +/-1 nm; wavelength repeatability: better than + -0.2 nm; signal-to-noise ratio: average better than 2500:1, rms better than 10000:1.
The main testing steps for carrying out short-wave infrared spectrum SWIR test on the to-be-tested altered rock sample are as follows: 1) Connecting the BKF-II portable near infrared mineral analyzer and a computer, turning on a mineral spectrum analysis expert system MSA (Mineral Spectral Analyses) in the computer, and turning on a light source; 2) Initializing (performing wavelength initialization); 3) Background scanning; 4) Reference scan (first placing the reference plate over the window and then clicking to perform the reference scan); 5): sample scanning (scanning the point to be tested of the sample against the light source). During the test, attention needs to be paid to: 1) Before testing, cleaning a sample, and airing; 2) In order to avoid abnormal conditions, each sample is generally tested for 3 points, and a marker pen is used for drawing circles, triangles and squares in sequence to mark the tested points (or marks with pens with different colors); 3) In the test process, in order to ensure the quality of test data, the instrument is initialized and the reference scanning operation is carried out every 20 minutes.
Analyzing short wave infrared SWIR test results, wherein the analysis steps are as follows:
1) Opening a near infrared mineral rapid determination and analysis system MSAV7.0825; 2) Opening a spectrum file of the sample of the alteration rock obtained by the test, such as sample SK24-10-1.Xlc, wherein the spectrum file is an SWIR spectrum curve of sample SK24-10-1 after being opened, as shown in figure 2; 3) Setting peak-seeking wavelength intervals of 1350-1550 nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 1"), 1880-2040 nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 2"), 2160-2220 nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 3"), 2306-2365 nm (hereinafter referred to as "interval 4"); 4) Clicking the "peak searching" function, the wavelengths of absorption peaks (hereinafter referred to as "characteristic absorption peaks") in 4 wavelength regions on the curve are obtained, the number of characteristic absorption peaks of the SWIR spectrum curve of the sample SK24-10-1 is 3, and the characteristic absorption peaks are respectively located in 1414nm (region 1), 1912nm (region 2) and 2204nm (region 3), and no characteristic absorption peak is located in the region 4, as shown in fig. 2.
The sample strength was predicted from a shortwave infrared spectrum characteristic of the altered rock as shown in table 1 versus uniaxial compressive strength data model comparison table.
Then, cutting, polishing and preparing a sample of the to-be-measured altered rock sample, and performing an indoor uniaxial compressive strength test to obtain the strength of the to-be-measured altered rock sample, comparing the strength with the predicted strength obtained by SWIR test, and verifying the accuracy of the method, wherein the following exemplary samples are exemplified:
1. intensity class III
FIG. 2 shows the SWIR spectrum of the rock sample SK24-10-1, which shows that the SWIR spectrum of the rock sample has 3 characteristic absorption peaks at 1414nm (section 1), 1912nm (section 2) and 2204nm (section 3). According to table 1, the strength of the rock sample should be classified as class III, i.e. strength below 100MPa. The indoor actually measured uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample is 75.7MPa. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the invention is consistent with the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
2. Intensity class II
FIG. 3 shows the SWIR spectrum of a rock sample YK10-22-1, which has 4 characteristic absorption peaks in 1416nm (section 1), 1914nm (section 2), 2220nm (section 3) and 2354nm (section 4). According to Table 1, the strength of the rock sample should be classified as class II, with a strength between 100MPa and 150MPa. The indoor actually measured uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample is 137.3MPa. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the invention is consistent with the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
3. Intensity level I
FIG. 4 shows the SWIR spectrum of a rock sample YK10-11-2, which has 2 characteristic absorption peaks, namely 1920nm (in interval 2) and 2206nm (in interval 3), and the intensity of the rock sample is divided into class I and is higher than 150MPa according to the table 1. The indoor actually measured uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample is 183.6MPa. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the invention is consistent with the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
4. The error is smaller and can be ignored, and can be regarded as coincidence
FIG. 5 shows the SWIR spectrum of a rock sample YK10-4-1, which has 3 characteristic absorption peaks, namely 1416nm (in interval 1), 1912nm (in interval 2) and 2216nm (in interval 3).
According to Table 1, the strength should belong to class III, i.e. the strength is below 100MPa. The indoor actually measured uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample is 102.1MPa, slightly higher than 100MPa, the difference value is 2.1MPa, and the error is small and negligible. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the present invention can be regarded as conforming to the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
FIG. 6 shows the SWIR spectrum of a rock sample XK6-9-1, which shows that the SWIR spectrum of the rock sample has 4 characteristic absorption peaks at 1412nm (in section 1), 1910nm (in section 2), 2204nm (in section 3) and 2346nm (in section 4), respectively.
According to Table 1, the strength of the rock sample is II grade, namely the strength is 100 MPa-150 MPa, the measured uniaxial compressive strength in the rock sample chamber is 152.7MPa, the measured uniaxial compressive strength is slightly higher than 150MPa, the difference is 2.7MPa, and the error is small and negligible. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the present invention can be regarded as conforming to the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
FIG. 7 shows the SWIR spectrum of a rock sample XK6-8-1, which shows that the SWIR spectrum of the rock sample has 2 characteristic absorption peaks at 1920nm (section 2) and 2208nm (section 3).
According to Table 1, the strength is I grade, namely the strength is higher than 150MPa, the measured uniaxial compressive strength in the rock sample chamber is 147.4MPa, the difference is 2.6MPa, and the error is small and negligible. Therefore, the result predicted by the method of the present invention can be regarded as conforming to the result of the indoor actual measurement test.
Fig. 8-13 are graphs of SWIR spectra of several other typical samples.
The number of characteristic absorption peaks and the indoor uniaxial compressive strength of 4 wavelength ranges (1350-1550 nm, 1880-2040 nm, 2160-2220 nm, 2306-2365 nm) in the SWIR curves of 60 changed rock samples were counted, and the statistical results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, among 60 groups of samples, 51 groups of samples (including 5 groups of samples can be regarded as being coincident) have an accuracy of 85.0% in which the results predicted by the method of the present invention are coincident with the results of the indoor actual measurement test. The method is used for rapidly grading the strength of the changed rock, and has high reliability and good effect of strength prediction.
In the prior art, an indoor single-axis compressive strength experiment needs to be carried out on a rock sample from a site to an indoor for sample preparation (a sample taken by a drilling machine can not be directly tested, and further needs to be prepared) and test, and a great amount of manpower, financial resources, material resources and time are still needed to be consumed.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The method for predicting the strength of the altered rock based on the short-wave infrared spectrum technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock;
s2, taking a sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, performing short-wave infrared spectrum test to obtain a short-wave infrared spectrum of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, analyzing the curve characteristics of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock, and obtaining the predicted strength of the sample of the to-be-measured altered rock according to a short-wave infrared spectrum curve characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock;
the curve features comprise the number features and peak position features of characteristic absorption peaks in a short-wave infrared spectrogram;
the shortwave infrared spectrum characteristic-uniaxial compressive strength data relation model of the altered rock is as follows:
in four characteristic absorption peak position intervals of 1350-1550 nm, 1880-2040 nm, 2160-2220 nm and 2306-2365 nm, the strength of the changed rock with 2 characteristic absorption peaks is I grade, and is more than 150Mpa; the absorption peak with 4 characteristics is class II, and the intensity is 100-150 MPa; the 3 characteristic absorption peaks are class III with intensity <100MPa.
2. The method for predicting the strength of a modified rock based on the short-wave infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1,
the main parameter indexes of the instrument used for the short-wave infrared spectrum test are as follows: the detection range of the instrument is 1300-2500 nm.
3. The method for predicting the strength of the altered rock based on the shortwave infrared spectroscopy according to claim 2, wherein,
other parameter indexes of the instrument used for the short-wave infrared spectrum test are as follows: spectral bandwidth: better than 7nm; spectral scan resolution: 2nm; wavelength accuracy: better than + -1 nm; wavelength repeatability: better than + -0.2 nm; signal-to-noise ratio: average better than 2500:1, rms better than 10000:1.
4. The method for predicting the strength of a modified rock based on the short-wave infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1,
the short-wave infrared spectrum test system is a mineral spectrum analysis expert system MSA.
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| CN114813632B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Spectroscopy measurement method and system for rock softening in water strength |
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