CN112876310A - Compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112876310A CN112876310A CN202110160631.XA CN202110160631A CN112876310A CN 112876310 A CN112876310 A CN 112876310A CN 202110160631 A CN202110160631 A CN 202110160631A CN 112876310 A CN112876310 A CN 112876310A
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- compound fertilizer
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- conditioning performance
- soil conditioning
- raw material
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002333 glycines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001705 insufficient nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance, which comprises the following steps of crushing raw material coal, mixing the crushed raw material coal with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating, adding an additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain raw material coal slurry; heating the raw material coal slurry to 500-700 ℃ for reaction under the condition of mixed gas of inert gas and oxygen; heating to 750-950 ℃ for secondary gasification reaction to obtain solid primary slag; cooling the fixed primary slag, and then crushing, washing and drying the cooled fixed primary slag to obtain solid carbon slag; mixing the solid carbon residue, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium salt and auxiliary materials, and then granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the fertilizer. The compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance obtained by the preparation method contains macroelements and medium trace elements, has various element types and comprehensive nutrition, and can effectively improve the moisture environment of soil, improve the soil environment and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil while meeting the nutritional requirements of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a compound fertilizer with soil conditioning performance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The international research on the soil remediation technology dates back to 50 s of the 20 th century, and the 80 s make great progress. In 2000, domestic autonomously developed soil remediation products slowly sprouted.
The Soil Conditioner (Soil Conditioner) has the functions of improving Soil, controlling desert, preserving water and resisting drought, enhancing the disease resistance of crops, increasing the yield of the crops, improving the quality of agricultural products, recovering the original ecology of the crops and the like, and can also improve the survival rate of tree planting and the yield of the agricultural products, improve the quality of the agricultural and forestry products and recover the natural appearance of the agricultural and forestry products.
In the prior art, a plurality of soil conditioners are disclosed, and in a soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof (patent application number is 201810007442.7), the soil conditioner is prepared from plant extract, an adsorbent and a binder: the plant extract comprises herba Medicaginis powder, Aloe powder, and semen glycines powder; the adsorbent is one or more mineral substances of bentonite, diatomite, vermiculite, montmorillonite and illite, or humic acid and humic acid salt; the binder is calcium salt and oxide thereof; the soil conditioner has the effects of comprehensively improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer, promoting the growth of plants and the like, can be used for improving hardened, saline-alkali and desertified degraded soil, and can also be applied as a conventional fertilizer for crops such as melons, fruits, cereals, vegetables and the like. However, the conditioner has the defects of complex and various required raw materials, large content of ineffective ingredients and poor water storage and retention effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance, so as to solve the problems of insufficient nutrition and poor water and fertilizer retention effects of the conditioner prepared in the prior art; the soil conditioner prepared by the method has the advantages that the mixed fertilizer contains major elements and medium trace elements, the elements are various, and the nutrition is comprehensive; the solid carbon residue has the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, small volume weight, super water retention and the like, and has the effects of retaining water and fertility, improving the soil environment and the like when being applied to soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solid carbon residue
A. Crushing raw material coal, and then mixing the crushed raw material coal with a solid-liquid ratio of 1: 0.3-0.6, mixing with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating for 10-30 min, adding an additive, and mixing uniformly to obtain a raw material coal slurry;
B. under the condition of mixed gas of inert gas and oxygen, heating the raw coal slurry to 500-700 ℃ for primary gasification reaction; continuously heating to 750-950 ℃ for secondary gasification reaction to obtain solid primary slag;
C. cooling the obtained fixed primary slag, and then sequentially crushing, washing and drying the cooled fixed primary slag to obtain solid carbon slag;
2) mixing 10-30 parts of solid carbon slag, 10-30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-50 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of sylvite and 8-24 parts of auxiliary materials according to parts by weight, and then granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step A, the raw material coal is crushed into 10-20 meshes, part of miscellaneous iron is removed through primary magnetic separation, and then the raw material coal is mixed with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 15-30%, and the treatment temperature is 100-200 ℃; the additive comprises potassium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the weight ratio of the addition weight of the additive to the weight of the raw material coal is 1: 60-80, wherein the weight ratio of the potassium lignosulfonate to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 3-6: 1.
Preferably, in the step B, the volume ratio of the inert gas to the oxygen is 2-5: 1; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, helium and argon.
Preferably, in the step B, the temperature is increased to 500-700 ℃ at the temperature increase speed of 6-10 ℃/min, and the time of the primary gasification reaction is 1-3 h; and then continuously heating to 750-950 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, wherein the time of the secondary gasification reaction is 2-4 h.
Preferably, in the step C, the obtained solid primary slag is crushed to 80-160 meshes.
Preferably, step C further comprises a secondary magnetic separation before washing, and residual miscellaneous iron in the solid initial slag is removed again.
Preferably, in the step C, the washing includes sequentially performing alkali washing, primary water washing, acid washing, and secondary water washing; alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 5-10% is adopted during alkaline washing; the solute of the alkali liquor is potassium hydroxide; the temperature during the alkali washing is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min; and during acid washing, a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5-15% is adopted, the temperature during acid washing is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, in step 2), the potassium salt is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
Preferably, in the step 2), the auxiliary materials are 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of fly ash, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 1-3 parts of borax.
Preferably, the adhesive is Hangjin No. 2 soil.
The other purpose of the invention is to provide the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, the raw material coal is subjected to primary treatment through the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, so that on one hand, the raw material coal and the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution can react, partial metal potassium can be formed during high-temperature gasification reaction in the later period, and when the gasification temperature is higher than the boiling point temperature of the metal potassium, the metal potassium can form steam potassium which can continuously enter the carbon atom structure of the raw material coal, so that more pores are formed, and in addition, the structural strength of the pores can be increased to a certain degree;
(2) the secondary gasification treatment is also beneficial to improving the porosity of the solid carbon slag, thereby being beneficial to improving the water and fertilizer retention performance of the solid carbon slag;
(3) because the raw material coal contains a certain amount of metallic iron element, the iron element after high temperature is changed into the high valence oxide of iron, which can not be directly utilized by crops and enters the soil to cause pollution, therefore, the primary magnetic separation and the secondary magnetic separation can be combined to remove more iron element, and the pollution of the conditioner to the soil caused by the iron element can be obviously reduced;
(4) in the obtained solid primary slag, part of large-particle solids which are not completely activated still exist, and the large-particle solids and the fine-particle solids in the solid primary slag are removed through 80-200-mesh crushing, sieving and fine selection, so that the overall adsorbability and exchange capacity of the solid carbon slag are improved, and the soil improvement performance is improved; the content of heavy metal in the fine particles is relatively high, so that the fine particles can be removed, and the effect of preventing heavy metal pollution can be achieved;
(5) in the solid initial slag after high-temperature gasification treatment, due to the characteristic of a porous structure of the solid initial slag, the surface has stronger adsorbability, wherein some finer dust can be adsorbed in part of particles, and the fine dust is easy to block the porous structure, so that the adsorbability of the particles is reduced, part of the fine dust can be removed through washing, the adsorbability of the particles is improved, part of water-soluble harmful substances can be removed, the water content in the solid carbon slag is improved, and the interaction of the solid carbon slag on nutrient elements in soil is improved; the porosity and the strength of a void structure can be further improved by combining alkali washing and acid washing;
(6) the conditioner has various nutrient elements and comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can provide balanced nutrition for soil while regulating the water and fertilizer retention of the soil, and is beneficial to improving the yield of crops.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solid carbon residue
A. Crushing raw material coal into 10-20 meshes, carrying out primary magnetic separation under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 200Gs, mixing the raw material coal after magnetic separation with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20% according to the solid-to-liquid ratio (g/l) of 1: 0.4, heating to 120 ℃, reacting for 15min, and then adding potassium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium lignosulfonate to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 4: 1; the total weight of the potassium lignosulfonate and the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1/70 of the weight of the magnetically separated raw material coal; uniformly mixing to obtain raw material coal slurry;
B. under the condition of mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen, heating the raw material coal slurry to about 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min, carrying out primary gasification reaction for 1.5h, then continuously heating to about 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and carrying out secondary gasification reaction for 3 h; wherein the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen is 3: 1; the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.2 MPa; obtaining solid primary slag after the reaction is finished;
C. cooling the obtained fixed primary slag, crushing the cooled fixed primary slag into 80-160 meshes, then placing the crushed fixed primary slag under the magnetic field intensity of 380Gs for secondary magnetic separation, then washing the fixed primary slag subjected to the secondary magnetic separation with alkali, primary water, acid and secondary water in sequence, and airing to obtain solid carbon slag; wherein, the alkali washing adopts alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 5 percent, and the solute of the alkali liquor is potassium hydroxide; the temperature of alkali washing is 40 ℃, and the time is 40 min; adopting a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 10% during acid cleaning, wherein the temperature during acid cleaning is 45 ℃ and the time is 45 min;
and (3) carrying out relevant parameter measurement on the obtained solid carbon slag:
volume weight: 0.43g/cm3Measured according to NY/T1121.4-2006;
saturated water content: 210%, measured according to NY/T1121.21-2008;
cation exchange amount: 7.81cmol/kg, measured according to NY/T1121.5-2006;
the iron content was 93ppm, determined according to standard MT/T1068-2008;
the specific surface area is 1296m2(ii)/g, determined according to standard GB/T7702.20-2008;
2) mixing 20 parts of solid carbon residue, 20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of Hangjin No. 2 soil and 2 parts of borax by weight, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the conditioner A.
Example 2
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solid carbon residue
A. Crushing raw material coal into 10-20 meshes, carrying out primary magnetic separation under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 220Gs, mixing the raw material coal after magnetic separation with a 15% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio (g/l) of 1: 0.3, heating to 150 ℃, reacting for 10min, and then adding potassium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium lignosulfonate to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 6: 1; the total weight of the potassium lignosulfonate and the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1/60 of the weight of the magnetically separated raw material coal; uniformly mixing to obtain raw material coal slurry;
B. heating the raw material coal slurry to about 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min under the condition of a mixed gas of helium and oxygen, carrying out primary gasification reaction for 2h, then continuously heating to about 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and carrying out secondary gasification reaction for 3.5 h; wherein the volume ratio of helium to oxygen is 2: 1; the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.2 MPa; obtaining solid primary slag after the reaction is finished;
C. cooling the obtained fixed primary slag, crushing the cooled fixed primary slag into 80-160 meshes, placing the crushed fixed primary slag under the magnetic field intensity of 390Gs for secondary magnetic separation, washing the fixed primary slag subjected to the secondary magnetic separation with alkali, primary water, acid and secondary water in sequence, and airing to obtain solid carbon slag; wherein, alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 7% is adopted during alkali washing, and the solute of the alkali liquor is potassium hydroxide; the temperature of alkali washing is 30 ℃, and the time is 60 min; adopting a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5% during acid cleaning, wherein the temperature during acid cleaning is 50 ℃ and the time is 35 min;
and (3) carrying out relevant parameter measurement on the obtained solid carbon slag:
volume weight: 0.47g/cm3Measured according to NY/T1121.4-2006;
saturated water content: 189% by weight as determined by NY/T1121.21-2008;
cation exchange amount: 7.66cmol/kg, measured according to NY/T1121.5-2006;
the iron content was 89ppm, determined according to standard MT/T1068-2008;
the specific surface area is 1273m2(ii)/g, determined according to standard GB/T7702.20-2008;
2) mixing 10 parts of solid carbon residue, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of fly ash, 5 parts of Hangjin No. 2 soil and 1 part of borax by weight, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the conditioner B.
Example 3
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of solid carbon residue
A. Crushing raw material coal into 10-20 meshes, carrying out primary magnetic separation under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 195Gs, mixing the raw material coal after magnetic separation with a 25% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio (g/l) of 1: 0.6, heating to 100 ℃, reacting for 20min, and then adding potassium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium lignosulfonate to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 3: 1; the total weight of the potassium lignosulfonate and the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1/80 of the weight of the magnetically separated raw material coal; uniformly mixing to obtain raw material coal slurry;
B. under the condition of mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen, heating the raw material coal slurry to about 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min, carrying out primary gasification reaction for 1h, then continuously heating to about 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and carrying out secondary gasification reaction for 2 h; wherein the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen is 4: 1; the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.2 MPa; obtaining solid primary slag after the reaction is finished;
C. cooling the obtained fixed primary slag, crushing the cooled fixed primary slag into 80-160 meshes, placing the crushed fixed primary slag under the magnetic field intensity of 390Gs for secondary magnetic separation, washing the fixed primary slag subjected to the secondary magnetic separation with alkali, primary water, acid and secondary water in sequence, and airing to obtain solid carbon slag; wherein, the alkali washing adopts 10% alkali liquor, and the solute of the alkali liquor is potassium hydroxide; the temperature of alkali washing is 45 ℃ and the time is 30 min; adopting a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 13% during acid cleaning, wherein the temperature during acid cleaning is 35 ℃ and the time is 50 min;
and (3) carrying out relevant parameter measurement on the obtained solid carbon slag:
volume weight: 0.54g/cm3Measured according to NY/T1121.4-2006;
saturated water content: 198%, measured according to NY/T1121.21-2008;
cation exchange amount: 8.13cmol/kg, as determined by NY/T1121.5-2006;
the iron content is 98ppm, which is determined according to the standard MT/T1068-2008;
specific surface area is 1285m2(ii)/g, determined according to standard GB/T7702.20-2008;
2) mixing 30 parts of solid carbon residue, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 50 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of urea, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of Hangjin No. 2 soil and 3 parts of borax by weight, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the conditioner C.
Comparative example 1
This example differs from the preparation in example 1 by the following differences:
in the step A of the step 1), replacing the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20% by tap water.
The other steps are not changed.
And D, carrying out relevant parameter measurement on the solid carbon slag prepared in the step D:
volume weight: 0.66g/cm3Measured according to NY/T1121.4-2006;
saturated water content: 122%, measured according to NY/T1121.21-2008;
cation exchange amount: 8.01cmol/kg, as determined by NY/T1121.5-2006;
the iron content was 103ppm, determined according to standard MT/T1068-2008;
the specific surface area is 1226m2(ii)/g, determined according to standard GB/T7702.20-2008;
this example prepared conditioner D.
Comparative example 2
This example differs from the preparation in example 1 by the following differences:
in the step B of the step 1), the mixed gas condition of inert gas and oxygen is replaced by pure oxygen, and meanwhile, only one-time gasification is carried out, wherein the temperature is controlled to be about 1350 ℃ during gasification, and the reaction is carried out for 2 hours.
And D, carrying out relevant parameter measurement on the solid carbon slag prepared in the step D:
volume weight: 0.67g/cm3Measured according to NY/T1121.4-2006;
saturated water content: 138%, measured according to NY/T1121.21-2008;
cation exchange amount: 6.67cmol/kg, as determined by NY/T1121.5-2006;
the iron content was 126ppm, determined according to standard MT/T1068-2008;
the specific surface area is 1175m2(ii)/g, determined according to standard GB/T7702.20-2008;
this example was prepared to yield conditioner E.
Comparative example 3
This example differs from the preparation in example 1 by the following differences:
in the step C of the step 1), the mixture is not washed and is directly used as a raw material of a conditioner to prepare a conditioner F.
Comparative example 4
This example differs from the preparation in example 1 by the following differences:
in the step 2), 8 parts of solid carbon slag are taken; the others are unchanged; preparing the conditioner G.
Test of the Effect of Conditioning Agents
The soil remediation tests were performed on conditioners a to G prepared in the above examples.
Selecting a certain place of inner Mongolia as a test place, dividing the test place into 8 test places, wherein one test place is used as a blank control group, the other 7 test places are respectively named as a test place 1 to a test place 7, respectively and correspondingly using a conditioner A to a conditioner G, and performing conventional fertilization on the blank control group. I.e., trial 1 with conditioner a, trial 2 with conditioner B, and so on.
Specifically, before ploughing the soil in the spring of 2018, namely 4 months at the end of the year to 5 months at the beginning, ploughing, raking up and leveling field plots, preparing ridges of test districts, uniformly spreading a soil conditioner in the corresponding test fields according to treatment, and deeply ploughing the soil conditioner into the soil layer to ensure that the soil is fully and uniformly mixed. The using amount of each group of conditioner is 2000 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer without the solid carbon residue is correspondingly applied to the blank control group.
And planting by artificial drilling in 2018, 5 months and 1 day, wherein the plant spacing is 29cm, and the row spacing is 51 cm. Corn yield was experimentally determined on day 1/10. The determination method comprises the following steps: adopting a theoretical production measurement method: 1. the sampling method comprises the following steps: and randomly taking 3 sampling points from each experimental place, measuring 5m by 5m space of each sampling point, and actually measuring the yield of the sampling points. 2. And (3) calculating: theoretical yield per mu (kg/acre) is 667 spot yields per spot area. The relevant data are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Effect of different conditioner use on corn yield
After the production is finished at 10 months and 5 days, soil samples are respectively taken to determine the index contents of pH value (NY/T1121.2-2006), CEC (NY/T1121.5-2006), organic matter (NY/T1121.6-2006), total nitrogen (DB 13/T843-. The relevant data are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Effect of different conditioners on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of solid carbon residue
A. Crushing raw material coal, and then mixing the crushed raw material coal with a solid-liquid ratio of 1: 0.3-0.6, mixing with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating for 10-30 min, adding an additive, and mixing uniformly to obtain a raw material coal slurry;
B. under the condition of mixed gas of inert gas and oxygen, heating the raw coal slurry to 500-700 ℃ for primary gasification reaction; continuously heating to 750-950 ℃ for secondary gasification reaction to obtain solid primary slag;
C. cooling the obtained fixed primary slag, and then sequentially crushing, washing and drying the cooled fixed primary slag to obtain solid carbon slag;
2) mixing 10-30 parts of solid carbon slag, 10-30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-50 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of sylvite and 8-24 parts of auxiliary materials according to parts by weight, and then granulating, drying, cooling, screening and coating to obtain the fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A, the raw material coal is crushed into 10-20 meshes, and is subjected to primary magnetic separation to remove part of miscellaneous iron, and then is mixed with a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 15-30%, and the treatment temperature is 100-200 ℃; the additive comprises potassium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the weight ratio of the addition weight of the additive to the weight of the raw material coal is 1: 60-80, wherein the weight ratio of the potassium lignosulfonate to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 3-6: 1.
3. the preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the volume ratio of the inert gas to the oxygen is 2-5: 1; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, helium and argon.
4. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the temperature is raised to 500-700 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 6-10 ℃/min, and the time of the primary gasification reaction is 1-3 h; and then continuously heating to 750-950 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, wherein the time of the secondary gasification reaction is 2-4 h.
5. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step C, the obtained solid primary slag is crushed to 80-160 meshes.
6. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein step C further comprises a secondary magnetic separation before washing to remove the residual miscellaneous iron in the solid primary slag again.
7. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step C, the washing comprises alkali washing, primary water washing, acid washing and secondary water washing in sequence; alkali liquor with the mass concentration of 5-10% is adopted during alkaline washing; the solute of the alkali liquor is potassium hydroxide; the temperature during the alkali washing is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min; and during acid washing, a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5-15% is adopted, the temperature during acid washing is 30-50 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min.
8. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer containing soil conditioning properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the potassium salt is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
9. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the auxiliary materials are 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of fly ash, 5-15 parts of an adhesive and 1-3 parts of borax.
10. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer containing the soil conditioning performance as claimed in claim 9, wherein the binder is Hangjin No. 2 soil.
11. The compound fertilizer with soil conditioning performance prepared by the method for preparing the compound fertilizer with soil conditioning performance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN115918492A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-04-07 | 内蒙古博大实地化学有限公司 | A kind of seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN119236767A (en) * | 2024-12-04 | 2025-01-03 | 河北开门子肥业有限公司 | Environmentally friendly automated production and proportioning method for compound fertilizer |
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