CN112872259A - Forging method for improving impact property of 1Cr17Ni2 - Google Patents
Forging method for improving impact property of 1Cr17Ni2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112872259A CN112872259A CN202011557183.9A CN202011557183A CN112872259A CN 112872259 A CN112872259 A CN 112872259A CN 202011557183 A CN202011557183 A CN 202011557183A CN 112872259 A CN112872259 A CN 112872259A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of material processing, and relates to a forging method for improving the impact property of 1Cr17Ni2, wherein the method is used for tempering a 1Cr17Ni2 raw material at a medium temperature of 515-520 ℃; then hammering, forging, annealing, forming and forging after surface processing, and finally performing heat treatment; when the free forging hammer is used for producing a blank, 1-2 fire is required to be finished, the heat preservation time is not required to be prolonged during forging, and the forging time of each forging furnace is controlled within 45 min; wherein the deformation amount is 30-35% when upsetting-drawing and forging, the upsetting-drawing times are as follows: 2-3 times. The forging method of the invention enables the grain size and the mechanical property to meet the expected requirements, and improves the structure reliability of the 1Cr17Ni2 steel forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material processing, relates to a forging method for improving impact property of 1Cr17Ni2, and particularly relates to a forging method for improving Chinese tempering impact value of forging of a die block of a 1Cr17Ni2 forging.
Background
The 1Cr17Ni2 steel is generally applied to bearing parts or rotating parts of a wet medium in aviation, has high requirements on the tensile property and the impact property of a forged piece in use, but has obvious influences on the numerical value of the forging temperature and the heating frequency in the forging process. The conventional forging method comprises the following steps: blanking, forging a die block, performing heat treatment, finishing the forging of the die block and the die block within 1 heating, and performing physical and chemical detection on the forged piece; the tensile and impact properties (about 30J) of the forged piece after the conventional treatment can not meet the use requirements (the required performance index is more than or equal to 39J). Therefore, the reasonable forging method is selected to have important influence on the structure and the performance of the material. Particularly, the special-shaped free forging piece increases the heating times to cause the local empty burning of the forging piece, the physical and chemical properties are obviously influenced, and a large amount of unqualified forging pieces are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the forging method for improving the impact performance of the 1Cr17Ni2 is provided, the original structure of the raw material is improved through heat treatment, the forging method is used for meeting the forging forming scheme with reasonable design requirements of a forging piece, and the qualified and stable impact performance index is obtained.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a forging method for improving the impact property of 1Cr17Ni2 is characterized in that the method performs medium-temperature tempering on a 1Cr17Ni2 raw material, wherein the tempering temperature is 515-520 ℃; then hammering, forging, annealing, surface machining, forming and forging, and finally performing heat treatment.
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, performing heat treatment on the raw material to improve the original structure of the raw material: quenching and medium-temperature tempering the raw material blank;
a quenching system: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 930-970 ℃, preserving heat and cooling; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 500 ℃, heating to 515-520 ℃, and preserving heat; the heat preservation time is calculated according to the size of the blank;
step two, forging the blank
The forging temperature of the blank is 1100-1110 ℃, the heat preservation coefficient is 0.6min/mm, the hammer anvil is preheated to 200-350 ℃, the temperature of the forge piece is preserved for a set time, the forge piece is immediately taken out of the furnace and is upset, pulled and forged on the free forging hammer, and the medium and final forging temperature is controlled;
step three, forging to the preformed size
Annealing the preformed piece, and preserving heat in a heat preservation furnace at 540-55 ℃, wherein the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0-1.2 min/mm;
step four, forming and forging
Heating the preformed piece to 1105-1110 ℃, calculating the heat preservation coefficient according to 0.6min/mm, and preheating a tool mold to 250-350 ℃ while heating the preformed piece; immediately discharging the preformed piece from the furnace and forging after the preformed piece is subjected to heat preservation for a set time, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds;
step five, heat treatment of the formed part
Quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment are carried out on the formed part, wherein the quenching system comprises the following steps: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 990-1000 ℃, preserving heat and cooling; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 515 ℃, heating to between 515 and 520 ℃, and preserving heat;
and step six, performing mechanical property inspection by 100%.
In the first step, the quenching heat preservation coefficient is 1.5 min/mm-2.0 min/mm; the tempering heat preservation coefficient is 1.8 min/mm-2.5 min/mm.
And step two, discharging and transferring time is not more than 50 s.
In the second step, the deformation amount is 30-35% when upsetting-drawing is changed, and upsetting-drawing times per fire are as follows: 2-3 times.
And in the second step, when the blank is produced by using the free forging hammer, 1-2 fire is required to be completed, the heat preservation time is not required to be prolonged during forging, and the forging time of each forging furnace is controlled within 45 min.
In the fifth step, the quenching heat preservation time is calculated according to 1.8 min/mm-2.2 min/mm; the tempering heat preservation time is calculated according to 2.0 min/mm-2.6 min/mm.
And fifthly, preheating the tool at 200-350 ℃, and checking the surface temperature of the tool.
Preferably, oil cooling is adopted for quenching cooling in the first step and the fifth step.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a 1Cr17Ni2 steel, which belongs to martensite-ferrite stainless steel and is used after quenching (solid solution) and tempering (aging).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sketch view of an embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a special tire mold of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Example 1:
(1) designing a process flow: the forging bar → sawing is the length required by the process → heat treatment improves the raw material → modified forging → forging block → annealing → machining → moulding die forging → heat treatment → physicochemical.
(2) Blank specification the lower technological requirement (phi 90X 185)
(3) Quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment are carried out on the raw material blank: a quenching system: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 950 ℃, preserving heat and cooling with oil; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at a temperature of less than or equal to 500 ℃, heating to 515 ℃, and preserving heat; keeping the temperature for 120min, cooling with oil
(4) The bar stock is drawn and forged according to 2 upsetting 2 (phi 90 multiplied by 185 axially upset to phi 115 multiplied by 110 +/-5 axially drawn and forged square to- □ 85 multiplied by 160 +/-5 axially upset to- □ 103 multiplied by 110 +/-5 axially drawn and forged square to- □ 85 multiplied by 160 +/-5), the forging deformation is controlled to be 32 percent, and the forging deformation is controlled to be 30 to 35 percent;
(5) then forging a rough shape, (after rolling □ 85 multiplied by 160 to phi 75 multiplied by 265, drawing one end of the split material 145 to phi 45, the total length is 430mm), matching the rod part size phi 45 of the rough shape with the rod part size of the special tire mold to ensure that the rough shape can be smoothly placed into the tire mold;
(6) then, carrying out heat treatment (annealing) on the pierced billet to eliminate material stress generated in the forging pierced billet process;
(7) and then, carrying out die forging and final forming on the rough shape by using a reasonably designed die.
(8) After the forging is subjected to final heat treatment, 4 samples are taken for physical and chemical treatment, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Test specimenNumbering | Impact (J) |
| 1 | 42.0 |
| 2 | 41.8 |
| 3 | 40.3 |
| 4 | 42.2 |
| Standard of merit | ≥39 |
Example 2:
(1) designing a process flow: the forging bar → sawing is the length required by the process → the heat treatment improves the raw material → the forging → the annealing → the secondary blanking → the forging → the heat treatment → the physicochemical.
(2) Lower technological requirement specification blank (phi 120X 190)
(3) Quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment are carried out on the raw material blank: a quenching system: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 950 ℃, preserving heat and cooling with oil; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at a temperature of less than or equal to 500 ℃, heating to 515 ℃, and preserving heat; keeping the temperature for 150min, cooling with oil
(4) The bar stock is drawn and forged according to 2 upsetting 2 (phi 120 multiplied by 190 axial upsetting is carried out to-phi 140 multiplied by 140 +/-5 axial drawing and forging square to- □ 106 multiplied by 190 +/-5 axial upsetting is carried out to- □ 125 multiplied by 130 +/-5 axial drawing and forging square to- □ 106 multiplied by 190 +/-5), the forging deformation is controlled to be 32 percent, and the forging deformation is controlled to be 30 to 35 percent;
(5) subjecting the blank to a heat treatment (annealing)
(6) Divide 1 piece □ 106 x 190 into 2 pieces along length direction, single piece size □ 106 x ≧ 90
(7) Finally forging □ 106X 90 forging into 60X 95X 185
(8) Subsequently, 4 samples were taken for physical and chemical treatment after the final heat treatment of the pierced blank, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Sample number | Impact (J) |
| 1 | 41.8 |
| 2 | 41.5 |
| 3 | 43.2 |
| 4 | 42.6 |
| Standard of merit | ≥39 |
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A forging method for improving impact property of 1Cr17Ni2 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method performs medium-temperature tempering on the 1Cr17Ni2 raw material, wherein the tempering temperature is 515-520 ℃; then hammering, forging, annealing, surface machining, forming and forging, and finally performing heat treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out heat treatment on raw materials: quenching and medium-temperature tempering the raw material blank;
a quenching system: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 930-970 ℃, preserving heat and cooling; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 500 ℃, heating to 515-520 ℃, and preserving heat; the heat preservation time is calculated according to the size of the blank;
step two, forging the blank
The forging temperature of the blank is 1100-1110 ℃, the heat preservation coefficient is 0.6min/mm, the hammer anvil is preheated to 200-350 ℃, the temperature of the forge piece is preserved for a set time, the forge piece is immediately taken out of the furnace and is upset, pulled and forged on the free forging hammer, and the medium and final forging temperature is controlled;
step three, forging to the preformed size
Annealing the preformed piece, and preserving heat in a heat preservation furnace at 540-55 ℃, wherein the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0-1.2 min/mm;
step four, forming and forging
Heating the preformed piece to 1105-1110 ℃, calculating the heat preservation coefficient according to 0.6min/mm, and preheating a tool mold to 250-350 ℃ while heating the preformed piece; immediately discharging the preformed piece from the furnace and forging after the preformed piece is subjected to heat preservation for a set time, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds;
step five, heat treatment of the formed part
Quenching and medium-temperature tempering treatment are carried out on the formed part, wherein the quenching system comprises the following steps: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃, heating to 990-1000 ℃, preserving heat and cooling; medium temperature tempering: charging into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 515 ℃, heating to between 515 and 520 ℃, and preserving heat.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the first step, the quenching heat preservation coefficient is 1.5 min/mm-2.0 min/mm; the tempering heat preservation coefficient is 1.8 min/mm-2.5 min/mm.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the first step, oil cooling is adopted for quenching cooling.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: and step two, discharging and transferring time is not more than 50 s.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the second step, the deformation amount is 30-35% when upsetting-drawing and forging, and upsetting-drawing times are as follows: 2-3 times.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein: and in the second step, when the blank is produced by the free forging hammer, 1-2 fire is required to be finished, the heat preservation time is not required to be prolonged during forging, and the forging time of each forging furnace is controlled within 45 min.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the fifth step, the quenching heat preservation time is calculated according to 1.8 min/mm-2.2 min/mm; the tempering heat preservation time is calculated according to 2.0 min/mm-2.6 min/mm.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein: and step five, preheating the tool at 200-350 ℃.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein: and step five, oil cooling is adopted for quenching and cooling.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113444861A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-28 | 沈阳航天新光集团有限公司 | One-time tempering heat treatment processing technology suitable for 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel |
| CN114160722A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-11 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | The influence of thermal material system on the internal structure of superalloy forgings of forgings |
| CN114769481A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-22 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114769481A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-22 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel |
| CN114769481B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-12-26 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging process for improving impact of stainless steel |
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