CN112858646A - Method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种快速判断岩石集料碱硅酸反应活性的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将待测岩石集料破碎，得到碎石、机制砂和石粉；(3)取碎石、机制砂、石粉、水泥和水混合制成混凝土试件，将其置于NaOH‑KOH混合溶液中养护；(4)测试经养护后的混凝土试件的膨胀率εt，若1d膨胀率≥0.1％，则判断待测岩石集料具备碱硅酸反应活性，若其值＜0.1％，则判断待测岩石集料不具备碱硅酸反应活性。与现有技术相比，本发明可快速测得膨胀率，试验周期仅为3天，远低于现有快速砂浆棒法检测周期。
The invention relates to a method for quickly judging the alkali silicic acid reaction activity of rock aggregates, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing the rock aggregates to be tested to obtain crushed stone, machine-made sand and stone powder; Sand, stone powder, cement and water are mixed to make concrete specimens, which are placed in NaOH-KOH mixed solution for curing; (4) Test the expansion rate ε t of the cured concrete specimens, if the expansion rate at 1d is ≥ 0.1% , then it is judged that the rock aggregate to be tested has the reactivity of alkali silicic acid, and if its value is less than 0.1%, it is judged that the rock aggregate to be tested does not have the reactivity of alkali silicic acid. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can quickly measure the expansion rate, and the test period is only 3 days, which is far lower than the detection period of the existing rapid mortar bar method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building material property determination, and relates to a method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate.
Background
According to the Chinese geological record, the geological structure of China is complex, the activity of magma is frequent, the evolution history is long, the metamorphic effect types are various, the metamorphic degrees are different, and the rock types are complex. Researches show that slates, sandstones and the like have alkali silicate reaction activity, and aggregates with the alkali silicate reaction activity can cause alkali silicate reaction damage to concrete and seriously affect the engineering service life.
The Alkali Aggregate Reaction (AAR) is a concrete cancer, and refers to an expansive reaction between some mineral components with Alkali activity in concrete aggregate and soluble alkaline solution (mainly comprising KOH and NaOH) from cement and additives in concrete pores, and the reaction causes volume expansion and cracking of concrete, thereby changing the microstructure of concrete, significantly reducing mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus of concrete, and seriously affecting the safe use of the structure. Aggregates with alkali silicate reactivity may cause alkali silicate reaction damage to the concrete, affecting the service life of the engineering structure.
But the alkali activity of the aggregate can be suppressed by some technical means. The most important prevention technologies at the present stage are: controlling the alkali content of cement, introducing mineral admixture and chemical additive. The water conservancy department of China stipulates from the fifties, large and medium-sized water conservancy projects need to be built, tests need to be carried out in advance for one year, and through the demonstration of experts, the aggregates are mined after the low-alkali cement or admixture and other measures are adopted and the alkali activity is low. Therefore, since the country is built, hundreds of large and medium-sized hydraulic projects are built in China, and AAR damage does not occur together, which is rare in the world, and the expansion of the alkali silicate reaction of the active aggregate is mainly controlled by limiting the alkali content of concrete and adding sufficient fly ash.
In conclusion, in order to improve the quality of cement concrete in southeast of Qian and improve the engineering safety, rock characteristics of the rocks of Zhongyuan ancient and late ancient provinces in southeast of Qian and the rock are classified, and the reaction condition of dilute hydrochloric acid and the rock is used for judging whether the aggregate belongs to carbonate or non-carbonate. The research is carried out aiming at the alkali silicate reaction activity characteristics of carbonate/non-carbonate, and the alkali silicate reaction inhibition measures are provided according to the carbonate/non-carbonate alkali activity characteristics of the area, so that the research results can be popularized and applied to other area engineering projects. Therefore, it is very important to determine whether the rock aggregate has alkali silicate reactivity.
The method for identifying the alkali silicate reaction activity in the International Union of Materials and structural research and experiment (International Union of Laboratories and experiments in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, RILEM) standard mainly comprises a lithofacies method (AAR-1), a rapid mortar rod method (AAR-2), a concrete prism method (AAR-3) and a concrete column method (AAR-4).
The methods have the advantages and the disadvantages, wherein the lithofacies method has the advantages of high speed, direct observation of active components in the aggregate, important guidance of the result of lithofacies identification on the selection of a proper detection method, and always serving as a preferred method for identifying the alkali activity of the aggregate; the defect is that the method belongs to qualitative analysis, and the quantitative relation between the content of the active component and the expansion rate cannot be obtained and cannot be used as a final criterion. The rapid mortar bar method and the concrete prism method cannot rapidly judge the alkali silicate reaction activity of the aggregate, the fastest test period of the test result is 16 days, and the rapid monitoring requirement of engineering cannot be met. For this reason, how to rapidly identify alkali silicate reactivity of concrete is the focus of current concrete engineering research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate, so as to greatly improve the detection speed and shorten the detection period while ensuring the accuracy of a test result.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate comprises the following steps:
(1) the rock aggregate contains unequal amounts of alkali active component microcrystalline quartz;
(2) crushing rock aggregate to be detected to obtain broken stone, machine-made sand and stone powder;
(3) mixing broken stone, machine-made sand, stone powder, cement and water to prepare a concrete test piece, curing the concrete test piece in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box, and then curing the concrete test piece in a NaOH-KOH mixed solution;
(4) and testing the expansion rate of the cured concrete sample, if the expansion rate is more than or equal to 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate to be tested has alkali silicate reaction activity, and if the expansion rate is less than 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate to be tested does not have alkali silicate reaction activity.
Further, in the step (3), the particle size of the obtained broken stone is 0.75-10mm, the particle size of the machine-made sand is 0.075-4.75mm, and the particle size of the stone powder is 0-0.075 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the broken stone to the machine-made sand to the stone powder is 4:5: 1.
Further, in the step (3), the cement consumption in the process of preparing the concrete test piece is 420 +/-10 kg/m3The water-cement ratio was 0.45.
Further, in the step (3), the size of the prepared concrete sample is 40 × 40 × 160 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the concrete sample is cured in a constant temperature and humidity chamber under the specific conditions: the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the curing time is 24 hours.
Further, in the step (3), before curing in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution, the mixture is boiled in water for 8 hours, and then cured in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 24 hours.
Further, in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution used in the step (3), the mass ratio of KOH to NaOH is 0.4: 0.6.
Further, in the step (3), the concentration of the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is 2 mol/L.
Further, in the step (3), the expansion ratio
Wherein L is0Is the initial length of the concrete specimen, LtThe length of the concrete sample after being cured in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is shown as delta, and the delta is the length of the measuring heads arranged at the two ends of the concrete sample.
Compared with the prior art, the method can quickly measure the expansion rate, and the test period is only 3 days, which is far shorter than the detection time of the conventional quick mortar rod method. The test result obtained by the embodiment of the invention is consistent with the result of the rapid mortar rod method, and a rapid and accurate method is provided for determining the alkali silicate reaction activity of the aggregate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the microcrystalline quartz content and the expansion ratio of the experimental group of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation between the microcrystalline quartz content and the expansion ratio of the experimental group of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of alkali silicate reactivity division of rock aggregate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the swelling rate over time for the experimental group;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the expansion rate of the control group with time.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, raw materials or processing techniques are all conventional and commercially available products or conventional processing techniques in the art.
Example 1:
in this example, the rock aggregate used in the present example was identified to contain 3% microcrystalline quartz by a lithofacies method, referring to the judgment process shown in fig. 4, the specific steps are as follows:
step 101: taking 10kg of rock aggregate, and processing the rock aggregate by a crusher to obtain broken stones, machine-made sand and stone powder; in this example, the crushed stone mass was 720g, the machine-made sand mass was 900g, and the stone powder mass was 180 g. .
Step 102: mixing broken stone, machine-made sand and stone powder with cement and water to prepare a concrete test piece; wherein, the size of concrete sample is: 40X 160 mm; the dosage of the cement is 420 plus or minus 10kg/m3(ii) a The water-cement ratio was 0.45.
Step 103: curing the concrete specimen at the relative humidity RH of more than or equal to 95% and the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ for 24 hours, measuring the initial length of the concrete specimen by using a comparator after the mold is removed, and recording the initial length as L0；
Step 104: boiling the concrete test piece in water for 8 hours, and curing the concrete test piece in a NaOH-KOH mixed solution for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 120 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of KOH to NaOH in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is 0.4:0.6, the concentration of the mixed solution is 2.0mol/L, and the measurement and the maintenance are carried outLength L of concrete speciment；
Step 105: the expansion ratio was calculated as follows:
expansion ratio of concrete specimen
In the formula: l is0-initial length of the concrete specimen, mm;
Ltthe length of the concrete test piece after curing in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is mm;
delta-length of measuring head installed at two ends of concrete sample, mm;
step 106: calculating the 1d expansion rate of the concrete sample by the process, and if the expansion rate is more than or equal to 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate has alkali silicate reaction activity; if the expansion rate is less than 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate has no reaction activity of building silicic acid.
Example 2:
in this example, the rock aggregate used in the present invention was identified to contain 5% microcrystalline quartz by a lithofacies method, referring to the judgment process shown in fig. 4, the specific steps are as follows:
step 201: taking 10kg of rock aggregate, and processing the rock aggregate by a crusher to obtain broken stones, machine-made sand and stone powder; in this example, the crushed stone mass was 720g, the machine-made sand mass was 900g, and the stone powder mass was 180 g. .
Step 202: mixing broken stone, machine-made sand and stone powder with cement and water to prepare a concrete test piece; wherein, the size of concrete sample is: 40X 160 mm; the dosage of the cement is 420 plus or minus 10kg/m3(ii) a The water-cement ratio was 0.45.
Step 203: curing the concrete specimen at the relative humidity RH of more than or equal to 95% and the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ for 24 hours, measuring the initial length of the concrete specimen by using a comparator after the mold is removed, and recording the initial length as L0；
Step 204: boiling the concrete test piece in water for 8 hours, and curing the concrete test piece in a NaOH-KOH mixed solution for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 120 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of KOH to NaOH in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is 0.4:0.6, the concentration of the mixed solution was 2.0mol/L, and the coagulation after curing was measuredLength L of soil speciment；
Step 205: the expansion ratio was calculated as follows:
expansion ratio of concrete specimen
In the formula: l is0-initial length of the concrete specimen, mm;
Ltthe length of the concrete test piece after curing in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is mm;
delta-length of measuring head installed at two ends of concrete sample, mm;
step 206: calculating the 1d expansion rate of the concrete sample by the process, and if the expansion rate is more than or equal to 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate has alkali silicate reaction activity; if the expansion rate is less than 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate has no reaction activity of building silicic acid.
Example 3:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 5% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 4:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 6% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 5:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 8% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 6:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 7% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 7:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 8% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 8:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 8% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 9:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 10% microcrystalline quartz by the petrographic method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in example 1.
Example 10:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 9% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 11:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 9% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
Example 12:
the rock aggregate used in this example was identified to contain 12% microcrystalline quartz by the lithofacies method, and the rest of the compounding ratio, molding and curing were as in reference example 1.
The results of examples 1-12 are set forth in Table 1.
TABLE 1 alkali silicic acid reactivity test results
Based on the above examples 1-12, there is a strong correlation between the microcrystalline quartz content of the rock aggregate and the expansion ratio measured by the test method described in the present invention (R > 0.7), as shown in FIG. 1.
At the same time, based on the chemical composition of the aggregates of the above examples 1-12, the following can be obtained:
TABLE 2 chemical composition of the aggregates
As shown in fig. 3, the aggregate alkali silicate reactivity may be divided into three regions according to chemical composition, with the aggregate in the middle region having alkali silicate reactivity.
The control group is the expansion rate of a test piece prepared according to the railway concrete industry standard TB/T3275-2018 after being cured for 14 days (namely a rapid mortar rod method), and the test piece is judged to have alkali silicate reaction activity if the expansion rate is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and is judged not to have alkali silicate reaction activity if the expansion rate is less than 0.1 percent, while the experimental group is the expansion rate finally measured by the concrete test piece prepared according to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention. Correspondingly, the correlation between the obtained microcrystalline quartz content of the control group and the AMBT expansibility is shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from table 1, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the expansion rate of the control group test is very different from the expansion rate of the concrete sample prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. However, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of shorter time and higher efficiency for testing the alkali silicate reaction activity of the test piece. Meanwhile, it can be also found that the larger the swelling ratio, the stronger the alkali silicate reactivity, and the smaller the swelling ratio, the weaker the alkali silicate reactivity.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing rock aggregate to be detected to obtain broken stone, machine-made sand and stone powder;
(2) mixing broken stone, machine-made sand, stone powder, cement and water to prepare a concrete test piece, curing the concrete test piece in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box, and then curing the concrete test piece in a NaOH-KOH mixed solution;
(3) testing the 1d expansion rate epsilon of the cured concrete sampletAnd if the value is more than or equal to 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate to be detected has alkali silicate reaction activity, and if the value is less than 0.1%, judging that the rock aggregate to be detected does not have alkali silicate reaction activity.
2. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the broken stone, the machine-made sand and the stone powder of the rock aggregate to be detected is 4:5: 1.
3. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the crushed stone has a particle size of 4.75-10mm, the machine-made sand has a particle size of 0.075-4.75mm, and the stone powder has a particle size of 0-0.075 mm.
4. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cement dosage in the preparation process of the concrete sample is 420 +/-10 kg/m3The water-cement ratio was 0.45.
5. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the concrete sample is prepared to have the size of 40mm x 160 mm.
6. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the curing conditions in the constant temperature and humidity chamber are as follows: the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the curing time is 24 hours.
7. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), before curing in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution, the solution is boiled in water for 8 hours, and then cured in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution at 120 ℃ for 24 hours.
8. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution used in the step (2), the mass ratio of KOH to NaOH is 0.4: 0.6.
9. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of NaOH-KOH mixed solution is 2 mol/L.
10. The method for rapidly judging alkali silicate reaction activity of rock aggregate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the expansion rate
Wherein L is0Is the initial length of the concrete specimen, LtThe length of the concrete sample after being cured in the NaOH-KOH mixed solution is shown as delta, and the delta is the length of the measuring heads arranged at the two ends of the concrete sample.
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