CN112858200A - Sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measurement device and method - Google Patents
Sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种二氧化硫快速定量成像测量装置，包括二氧化硫气室、紫外相机、焦平面滤光片阵列、计算机和显示屏。二氧化硫气室用于标定二氧化硫柱浓度；紫外相机位于二氧化硫气室后方，包括相机本体和紫外相机镜头；紫外相机镜头设于相机本体上，且朝向二氧化硫气室所在方向；焦平面滤光片阵列设置在紫外相机的焦平面处，其上交替排布有第一窄带滤光片与第二窄带滤光片；计算机与紫外相机相连，用于处理图片数据并反演二氧化硫浓度；显示屏连接计算机，用于显示处理后的二氧化硫浓度信息。本发明结构简单，操作便捷，集成度高，解决了紫外差分成像多光谱通道无法实时采集以及多通道间视场不一致的问题，实现了二氧化硫实时快速成像定量测量。
The invention provides a rapid quantitative imaging measurement device for sulfur dioxide, comprising a sulfur dioxide gas chamber, an ultraviolet camera, a focal plane filter array, a computer and a display screen. The sulfur dioxide gas chamber is used to calibrate the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column; the ultraviolet camera is located behind the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, including the camera body and the ultraviolet camera lens; the ultraviolet camera lens is installed on the camera body and faces the direction of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber; the focal plane filter array is set At the focal plane of the UV camera, the first narrow-band filter and the second narrow-band filter are alternately arranged on it; the computer is connected to the UV camera for processing image data and inverting the concentration of sulfur dioxide; the display screen is connected to the computer, It is used to display the information of sulfur dioxide concentration after treatment. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation and high integration, solves the problems that the ultraviolet differential imaging multi-spectral channels cannot be collected in real time and the fields of view are inconsistent among the multi-channels, and realizes the real-time rapid imaging quantitative measurement of sulfur dioxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical remote sensing measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring sulfur dioxide by rapid quantitative imaging.
Background
Sulfur dioxide is a major atmospheric pollutant gas. At present, the main artificial emission sources of sulfur dioxide are coal emission, industrial production and the like, and the environmental problem caused by sulfur dioxide emission is increasingly serious. There is therefore a need for a fast quantitative imaging measurement device for sulfur dioxide with high temporal spatial resolution. The method is helpful for rapidly positioning the sulfur dioxide emission source and obtaining important information such as the concentration of the sulfur dioxide real-time column and the emission flux, so that the environmental pollution problem caused by sulfur dioxide emission is better treated.
At present, two methods of imaging differential absorption spectroscopy (I-DOAS) and sulfur dioxide camera are mainly used for measuring sulfur dioxide.
The I-DOAS method adopts the DOAS principle, obtains two-position spatial information and spectral information simultaneously through push-scan imaging, and inverts the gas concentration through the DOAS principle. The method has the advantages of low scanning speed, incapability of realizing real-time imaging, complex instrument structure and high cost.
The sulfur dioxide camera adopts two spectral channels for differential imaging according to a non-dispersive imaging principle, wherein one channel adopts an ultraviolet narrow-band filter with the central wavelength of 310nm and the full width at half maximum of 10nm to measure the spectral absorption area of sulfur dioxide, and the other channel adopts an ultraviolet narrow-band filter with the central wavelength of 330nm and the full width at half maximum of 10nm to eliminate the interference of aerosol and the like. In the method, because images of two channels need to be acquired, a sulfur dioxide camera generally adopts a 'switching optical filter mode' or a 'dual-camera system mode' to acquire images of the two channels. The optical filter switching method needs to design a special optical filter switching structure, and time is consumed in the optical filter switching process, so that the time consistency of images of two channels cannot be guaranteed. The cost of the sulfur dioxide camera adopting the dual-camera system is high, the dual-camera can acquire images at the same time, but the fields of view of the dual-camera are difficult to unify, and image matching needs to be carried out in image processing. Moreover, the system errors of the two cameras are different, which affects the measurement accuracy.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a sulfur dioxide imaging measurement device with higher temporal spatial resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for quickly and quantitatively imaging and measuring sulfur dioxide. The device combines a sulfur dioxide ultraviolet differential imaging measurement method and a sub-pixel multispectral imaging method to form a sub-pixel differential rapid imaging method for sulfur dioxide. The method effectively solves the problems that the existing sulfur dioxide imaging measurement method cannot realize multispectral channel synchronous measurement and a dual-camera system cannot obtain a uniform field angle image.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measuring device comprises:
the sulfur dioxide gas chamber is used for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column;
the ultraviolet camera is positioned behind the sulfur dioxide gas chamber and comprises a camera body and an ultraviolet camera lens; the ultraviolet camera lens is arranged on the camera body and faces the direction of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber;
the focal plane optical filter array is arranged at the focal plane of the ultraviolet camera, and a first narrow-band optical filter and a second narrow-band optical filter are alternately arranged on the focal plane optical filter array;
the computer is connected with the ultraviolet camera and used for processing the picture data and inverting the concentration of the sulfur dioxide;
and the display screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying the processed sulfur dioxide concentration information in real time.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber are fused silica glass, and ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 300nm or more is transmitted therethrough.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sulfur dioxide gas chamber completely covers the field angle of the ultraviolet camera; and the sulfur dioxide gas chamber is sealed with standard sulfur dioxide sample gas with known concentration for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column.
As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the photosensitive chip in the ultraviolet camera responds to the ultraviolet light of 300-340nm, and the quantum efficiency in the wave band is higher.
As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the ultraviolet camera lens on the ultraviolet camera images the ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 300-340nm, and the imaging quality is better.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the focal plane filter array, the first narrowband filter has a center wavelength of 310nm and a full width at half maximum of 10nm, and the second narrowband filter has a center wavelength of 330nm and a full width at half maximum of 10 nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific array size of the focal plane filter array is determined according to a camera pixel size.
A sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measurement method comprises the following steps:
(1) calibrating an imaging system by using the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, placing the sulfur dioxide gas chamber in front of a lens of an ultraviolet camera, covering the camera view field by using the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, and shooting to obtain apparent absorbance corresponding to the known concentration of the sulfur dioxide column;
(2) obtaining a calibration curve between the apparent absorbance of the picture and the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column by using least square normal linear fitting;
(3) aligning the lens of the ultraviolet camera to a sulfur dioxide plume region, shooting a sulfur dioxide plume picture, and directly acquiring unprocessed image data by the computer;
(4) reading original image pixels at intervals by using a digital image processing method, splitting the original image into two channel images, and respectively obtaining a picture I passing through a 310nm optical filter area in the focal plane optical filter arrayaAnd 330nm Filter region Picture IbData;
(5) according to the principle of two-image method, using picture IaAnd IbDividing, using global threshold processing, dividing sulfur dioxide plume region, and dividing sulfur dioxide plume picturePerforming line-by-line linear fitting to obtain a fitting background picture Ia0And Ib0；
(6) The computer processes the image data according to an ultraviolet differential imaging algorithm and calculates the apparent absorbance AA of the sulfur dioxide according to the following formula;
wherein AA is the calculated apparent absorbance, tau, of sulfur dioxideA、τBOptical thickness, I, was measured for the 310nm band and the 330nm band, respectivelya、IbMeasured plume images of 310nm and 330nm bands obtained for splitting the original image, Ia0、Ib0Processing a plume image I for a two-image methoda、IbThen obtaining a fitting background picture;
(7) calculating to obtain sulfur dioxide space two-dimensional column concentration data by apparent absorbance in combination with the calibration curve obtained in the step (2);
(8) the display screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution obtained by processing and partial images in the processing process;
(9) and (3) repeating the steps (2) - (8) to obtain the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution information in real time, and repeating the step (1) at intervals to calibrate the camera system so as to eliminate errors caused by light intensity change.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, a focal plane optical filter array is used as a light splitting device, a two-image method is used for fitting a background image, and the spatial distribution of the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column is measured by one-time imaging; the instrument provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and high integration level, solves the problems that ultraviolet differential imaging multispectral channels cannot be acquired in real time and the fields of view among the multiple channels are inconsistent, and realizes real-time rapid imaging quantitative measurement for sulfur dioxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring apparatus for rapid quantitative imaging of sulfur dioxide in example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the focal plane filter array in embodiment 1.
In the figure: the device comprises a sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1, an ultraviolet camera 2, a camera body 21, an ultraviolet camera lens 22, a focal plane filter array 3, a first narrow-band filter 31, a second narrow-band filter 32, a computer 4, a display screen 5 and a sulfur dioxide plume region 6.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the device for rapid and quantitative imaging and measuring of sulfur dioxide in this embodiment includes a sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1, an ultraviolet camera 2, a focal plane filter array 3, a computer 4, and a display screen 5. Wherein, the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 is used for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column. The ultraviolet camera 2 is positioned behind the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 and comprises a camera body 21 and an ultraviolet camera lens 22; the ultraviolet camera lens 22 is installed on the camera body 21 and faces the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1. The focal plane filter array 3 is arranged at the focal plane of the ultraviolet camera 2, and a first narrow-band filter 31 and a second narrow-band filter 32 are alternately arranged on the focal plane, wherein the size of the array is determined by the pixel size of the camera. The computer 4 is connected with the ultraviolet camera 2 and is used for processing the picture data and inverting the concentration of the sulfur dioxide. The display screen 5 is connected with the computer 4 and is used for displaying the processed sulfur dioxide concentration information in real time.
Further, in this embodiment, both ends of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 are fused silica glass, which is transparent to ultraviolet light of 300nm or more. Meanwhile, the diameter of the end face of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 is larger than that of the ultraviolet camera lens 22, and standard sulfur dioxide sample gas with known concentration is sealed in the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, so that the sulfur dioxide gas chamber is used for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column.
Further, in the embodiment, the photosensitive chip in the ultraviolet camera 2 responds to the ultraviolet light of 300-340nm, and the quantum efficiency is higher in this band. Accordingly, the ultraviolet camera lens 22 on the ultraviolet camera 2 images the ultraviolet light of 300-340nm, and the imaging quality is better.
Further, in the present embodiment, in the focal plane filter array 3, the center wavelength of the first narrowband filter 31 is 310nm and the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the center wavelength of the second narrowband filter 32 is 330nm and the full width at half maximum is 10 nm.
Example 2
The method for rapid quantitative imaging and measuring sulfur dioxide of the present embodiment uses the imaging device of embodiment 1, and with reference to fig. 1 and 2, includes the following steps:
(1) calibrating an imaging system by using a sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1, placing the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 in front of an ultraviolet camera lens 22, enabling the sulfur dioxide gas chamber 1 to cover a camera view field, and shooting to obtain apparent absorbance corresponding to the known concentration of a sulfur dioxide column;
(2) obtaining a calibration curve between the apparent absorbance of the picture and the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column by using least square normal linear fitting;
(3) aligning an ultraviolet camera lens 22 to a sulfur dioxide plume region 6, shooting a sulfur dioxide plume picture, and directly acquiring unprocessed image data by a computer 4;
(4) reading original image pixels at intervals by using a digital image processing method, splitting the original image into two-channel images, and respectively acquiring pictures I passing through a first narrow-band filter 31 region (namely, a 310nm filter region) in the focal plane filter array 3aAnd second narrowband Filter 32 region (330nm Filter region)bData;
(5) according to the principle of two-image method, using picture IaAnd IbDividing the sulfur dioxide plume region 6 by using global threshold processing, performing line-by-line linear fitting on the divided sulfur dioxide plume picture to obtain a fitting background picture Ia0And Ib0；
(6) The computer 4 processes the image data according to an ultraviolet differential imaging algorithm and calculates the apparent absorbance AA of the sulfur dioxide according to the following formula;
wherein AA is the calculated apparent absorbance, tau, of sulfur dioxideA、τBOptical thickness, I, was measured for the 310nm band and the 330nm band, respectivelya、IbMeasured plume images of 310nm and 330nm bands obtained for splitting the original image, Ia0、Ib0Processing a plume image I for a two-image methoda、IbThen obtaining a fitting background picture;
(7) calculating to obtain sulfur dioxide space two-dimensional column concentration data by apparent absorbance in combination with the calibration curve obtained in the step (2);
(8) the display screen 5 is connected with the computer 4 and is used for displaying the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution obtained by processing and partial images in the processing process;
(9) and (3) repeating the steps (2) - (8) to obtain the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution information in real time, and repeating the step (1) at intervals to calibrate the camera system so as to eliminate errors caused by light intensity change.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a quick quantitative formation of image measuring device of sulfur dioxide which characterized in that includes:
the sulfur dioxide gas chamber is used for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column;
the ultraviolet camera is positioned behind the sulfur dioxide gas chamber and comprises a camera body and an ultraviolet camera lens; the ultraviolet camera lens is arranged on the camera body and faces the direction of the sulfur dioxide gas chamber;
the focal plane optical filter array is arranged at the focal plane of the ultraviolet camera, and a first narrow-band optical filter and a second narrow-band optical filter are alternately arranged on the focal plane optical filter array;
the computer is connected with the ultraviolet camera and used for processing the picture data and inverting the concentration of the sulfur dioxide;
and the display screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying the processed sulfur dioxide concentration information in real time.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sulfur dioxide gas chamber has fused silica glass at both ends thereof, and is transparent to ultraviolet light of 300nm or more.
3. The sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the sulfur dioxide gas chamber completely covers the ultraviolet camera field angle; and the sulfur dioxide gas chamber is sealed with standard sulfur dioxide sample gas with known concentration for calibrating the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column.
4. The sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photosensitive chip in the ultraviolet camera responds to ultraviolet light of 300-340 nm.
5. The sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet camera lens on the ultraviolet camera images the ultraviolet light of 300-340 nm.
6. The sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measurement device according to claim 1, wherein in the focal plane filter array, the center wavelength of the first narrow band filter is 310nm, and the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the center wavelength of the second narrow band filter is 330nm, and the full width at half maximum is 10 nm.
7. The sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the specific array size of the focal plane filter array is determined according to the pixel size of the camera.
8. The measuring method of the sulfur dioxide rapid quantitative imaging measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calibrating an imaging system by using the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, placing the sulfur dioxide gas chamber in front of a lens of an ultraviolet camera, covering the camera view field by using the sulfur dioxide gas chamber, and shooting to obtain apparent absorbance corresponding to the known concentration of the sulfur dioxide column;
(2) obtaining a calibration curve between the apparent absorbance of the picture and the concentration of the sulfur dioxide column by using least square normal linear fitting;
(3) aligning the lens of the ultraviolet camera to a sulfur dioxide plume region, shooting a sulfur dioxide plume picture, and directly acquiring unprocessed image data by the computer;
(4) reading original image pixels at intervals by using a digital image processing method, splitting the original image into two channel images, and respectively obtaining a picture I passing through a 310nm optical filter area in the focal plane optical filter arrayaAnd 330nm Filter region Picture IbData;
(5) according to the principle of two-image method, using picture IaAnd IbDividing, using global threshold processing, dividing sulfur dioxide plume region, performing line-by-line linear fitting on the divided sulfur dioxide plume picture to obtain fitting background picture Ia0And Ib0；
(6) The computer processes the image data according to an ultraviolet differential imaging algorithm and calculates the apparent absorbance AA of the sulfur dioxide according to the following formula;
wherein AA is the calculated apparent absorbance, tau, of sulfur dioxideA、τBOptical thickness, I, was measured for the 310nm band and the 330nm band, respectivelya、IbMeasurement smoke of 310nm wave band and 330nm wave band obtained by splitting original imageFeather image, Ia0、Ib0Processing a plume image I for a two-image methoda、IbThen obtaining a fitting background picture;
(7) calculating to obtain sulfur dioxide space two-dimensional column concentration data by apparent absorbance in combination with the calibration curve obtained in the step (2);
(8) the display screen is connected with the computer and is used for displaying the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution obtained by processing and partial images in the processing process;
(9) and (3) repeating the steps (2) - (8) to obtain the sulfur dioxide concentration spatial distribution information in real time, and repeating the step (1) at intervals to calibrate the camera system so as to eliminate errors caused by light intensity change.
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