Comprehensive treatment process for sludge in steel wire drawing lubricating liquid
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recycling organic sludge, in particular to a comprehensive treatment process for sludge of a steel wire drawing lubricating liquid.
Background
In the wet-type drawing process of the copper-zinc plated steel wire, lubricating liquid needs to be added when the steel wire passes through a die, but the steel wire still inevitably wears, and the worn part of the plating layer enters a sludge tank along with the lubricating liquid to be precipitated to form steel wire drawing lubricating liquid sludge. The main component of the coating worn off in the wet drawing process of the copper-zinc plated steel wire is brass Cu0.64Zn0.36The particle size is in the micro nanometer level. Therefore, the sludge contains a large amount of ultra-fine brass metal particles in addition to the lubricating liquid organic component mainly containing unsaturated fatty acid. Brass powder is widely used in powder metallurgy, cemented carbide, diamond tools, articles, electrical carbon articles, chemical catalysts, conductive inks, welding electrodes, friction materials and other powder metallurgy articles. The preparation is generally prepared by an electrolysis method and an atomization method, and the energy consumption is high. The analysis shows that the received basic sludge contains more than 50wt percent of brass and is far higher than the mining grade of the prior copper ore ()<2%) and the mining grade of zinc ore<1%). If brass particles in wet-type drawing lubricating fluid sludge of copper-zinc-plated steel wires can be directly purified and recovered, considerable benefits can be brought to enterprises. However, the brass metal particles in the lubricating liquid sludge have the particle size of micro-nanometer level, are uniformly dispersed in the viscous lubricating liquid sludge, have stronger adhesive force of organic matters, and are difficult to separate in aqueous solution, so that the two are difficult to separate by the traditional solid-liquid separation methodAnd (5) separating. Meanwhile, the copper-containing organic sludge is hazardous waste because of containing heavy metal Cu and phosphorus elements, so that the copper-containing organic sludge cannot be randomly stacked. At present, most of drawn steel wire production enterprises do not have the sludge treatment technology, and are usually entrusted to an environmental protection company of other units for treatment, and the method commonly used by the treatment manufacturers of the environmental protection company is to treat the organic sludge containing copper and zinc by directly burning, smelting waste residues and respectively extracting metals. The organic sludge causes serious gas pollution when being incinerated at high temperature, the treatment is more difficult, and brass particles in the sludge are converted into CuO, ZnO and Zn3(PO4)2And the components are complex, the copper extraction or the zinc extraction by remelting is difficult, and the cost is high. In addition, the conventional organic sludge incineration treatment mode also causes the loss of lubricating liquid components in the sludge.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a comprehensive treatment process for sludge in steel wire drawing lubricating fluid, which not only can recover superfine brass powder from sticky organic sludge, but also can convert organic components in the sludge into phosphate-containing fatty acid salts to be used as a flotation reagent.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive treatment process for steel wire drawing lubricating liquid sludge comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the steel wire drawing lubricating liquid sludge into a beaker, adding deionized water, then adding strong base, and stirring by a magnetic stirrer to disperse metal particles in the sludge to obtain mixed slurry;
in the mixed slurry, phosphorus-containing fatty acid in the sludge can be subjected to saponification reaction with strong alkali to generate fatty acid salt;
(2) ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry by using an ultrasonic oscillator to fully emulsify organic components in the sludge;
(3) placing the mixed slurry after ultrasonic treatment into a centrifugal machine for centrifugation, so that solid particles are adhered to the wall of the centrifugal pipe, and respectively collecting the solid particles on the wall of the centrifugal pipe and first centrifugal liquid;
(4) putting the collected solid particles on the wall of the centrifugal pipe into a beaker, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment again to separate alkali liquor and organic components adhered to the metal particles from the surface of the particles to obtain mixed liquid;
(5) putting the mixed liquid into a centrifugal machine for centrifugal separation, and collecting solid particles and second centrifugal liquid;
(6) drying the solid particles in an oven to obtain superfine brass powder;
(7) and (4) collecting the first centrifugate obtained in the step (3), putting the first centrifugate into a beaker, heating the first centrifugate to boil, pouring the first centrifugate into a saturated NaCl solution for salting out, magnetically stirring the first centrifugate for 10 to 30min, standing the first centrifugate for 1 to 2min, and filtering the first centrifugate by using gauze to obtain the soap body containing the phosphate fatty acid salt.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass percentage concentration of the sludge in the mixed slurry is between 5% and 25%, and the ratio of the addition amount of the strong base to the addition amount of the sludge is between 10% and 35%, in percentage by weight.
Preferably, in step (1), the strong base is KOH or NaOH solid.
Preferably, in the step (1), the stirring time is 5-30 min; in the step (2), the ultrasonic time is 5-15 min; in the step (3), the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifugal machine is 3000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min; in the step (5), the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifugal machine is 3000-8000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
Preferably, the solid particles obtained in step (5) are again subjected to steps (4) to (5) once to twice, and the solid particles are sufficiently washed.
Preferably, in the step (6), the drying time is 60-90 min.
Preferably, the phosphorus-containing fatty acid soap body can be sold and used as a flotation agent in the mineral separation industry.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can carry out comprehensive treatment on the sludge of the steel wire drawing lubricating fluid, on one hand, high-purity superfine brass powder can be separated, the purity of the recycled brass powder can reach more than 98.5 percent, the granularity is less than 10 mu m, and the recycled brass powder can be directly sold as brass powder; on the other hand, organic components in the sludge are converted into phosphate-containing fatty acid salts, and the phosphate-containing fatty acid salts can be sold as flotation reagents in the mineral separation industry.
The method has the advantages of simple process, low treatment cost, high recovery rate, environmental protection and no pollution, not only can greatly reduce the treatment cost of the lubricating liquid sludge of enterprises, but also can bring considerable profits for the enterprises, and simultaneously avoids the waste of resources.
Detailed Description
The sludge of the steel wire drawing lubricating fluid is also commonly called as copper-zinc-containing organic sludge, and is particularly obtained by precipitating after discharging micro metal particles abraded by a die along with the lubricating fluid in the wet drawing process of copper-zinc plated steel wires, wherein the inorganic component in the sludge is brass Cu0.64Zn0.36The mass percentage of brass-containing metal particles in the sludge of the received base or the received manufacturer sample is about 50.09%, and the particle size of the brass metal particles is less than 10 microns; the organic component is a phosphorus-containing fatty acid.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Weighing 10g of the received sludge, putting the weighed sludge into a beaker, adding 100ml of deionized water and 1g of KOH, and then putting the beaker into a magnetic stirrer to carry out magnetic stirring for 10min so as to disperse metal particles in the sludge. And then putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 5min to fully emulsify the organic components in the sludge. And (3) putting the mixed slurry after ultrasonic treatment into a centrifuge for centrifuging for 5min, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifuge is 6000r/min, so that solid particles are adhered to the wall of the centrifuge tube, and collecting first centrifugate. And collecting solid particles on the wall of the centrifugal pipe, putting the solid particles into a beaker, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min again to separate alkali liquor and organic components adhered to the metal particles from the surfaces of the particles. And (4) carrying out centrifugal separation on the mixed liquid after ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and collecting solid particles and second centrifugal liquid at the spindle rotation speed of a centrifugal machine of 6000 r/min. And adding the solid particles into deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5min again, centrifuging for 6min in a centrifuge, pouring the centrifugate, collecting brass particles on the centrifuge tube, drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 60min to obtain 5.22g of superfine brass powder with the purity of 98.93%. Collecting the first centrifugate after the first centrifugation, placing in a beaker, heating to boil, pouring into saturated NaCl solution for salting out, magnetically stirring for 15min, standing for 1min, and filtering out 3.56g of soap containing phosphate with gauze.
Example 2
5g of the received sludge is weighed and placed in a beaker, 100ml of deionized water and 1g of NaOH are added, and then the beaker is placed in a magnetic stirrer to be magnetically stirred for 15 min. And then putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 5min to fully emulsify the organic components in the sludge. And (3) putting the mixed slurry after ultrasonic treatment into a centrifuge for centrifuging for 7min, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifuge is 6500r/min, so that solid particles are adhered to the wall of the centrifuge tube, and collecting first centrifugate. And collecting solid particles on the wall of the centrifugal pipe, putting the solid particles into a beaker, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 7min again to separate alkali liquor and organic components adhered to the metal particles from the surfaces of the particles. And (4) carrying out centrifugal separation on the mixed liquid after ultrasonic treatment for 6min, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of a centrifugal machine is 6000r/min, and collecting solid particles and second centrifugal liquid. And adding the solid particles into deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5min again, centrifuging for 6min in a centrifuge, pouring the centrifugate, collecting brass particles on the centrifuge tube, drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 60min to obtain 2.67g of superfine brass powder with the purity of 99.38%. Collecting the first centrifugate after the first centrifugation, placing in a beaker, heating to boil, pouring into saturated NaCl solution for salting out, magnetically stirring for 15min, standing for 1min, and filtering out 1.16g of soap containing phosphate with gauze.
Example 3
Weighing 15g of the received basic sludge, putting the basic sludge into a beaker, adding 100mL of ionized water and 5g of NaOH, and then putting the beaker into a magnetic stirrer to carry out magnetic stirring for 20 min. And then putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 10min to fully emulsify the organic components in the sludge. And (3) putting the mixed slurry after ultrasonic treatment into a centrifuge for centrifuging for 10min, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifuge is 7500r/min, so that solid particles are adhered to the wall of the centrifuge tube, and collecting a first centrifugate. And collecting solid particles on the wall of the centrifugal pipe, putting the solid particles into a beaker, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 7min again to separate alkali liquor and organic components adhered to the metal particles from the surfaces of the particles. And centrifuging the mixed liquid subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 6min at the main shaft rotating speed of 7500r/min, and collecting solid particles and second centrifugate. And adding the solid particles into deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5min again, centrifuging the solid particles in a centrifuge for 8min, keeping the rotating speed of a main shaft of the centrifuge unchanged, pouring out a centrifugate, collecting brass particles on the centrifuge tube, and drying the brass particles in a 105 ℃ oven for 60min to finally obtain 7.87g of superfine brass powder with the purity of 99.86%. Collecting the first centrifugate after the first centrifugation, placing in a beaker, heating to boil, pouring into saturated NaCl solution for salting out, magnetically stirring for 20min, standing for 2min, and filtering out 6.42g of soap containing phosphate with gauze.
The soap body containing phosphate obtained in the above embodiment of the present invention is tested for its collecting ability, specifically as follows:
test example 1
The soap body containing phosphate, which is separated from the sludge in example 1, is prepared into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 15% and used as a collecting agent. Taking 250g of a brass ore sample, wherein the granularity is 70% of minus 200 meshes, the grade is 3.32%, putting the brass ore sample into an inflatable flotation machine with the volume of 1L for 1 flotation experiment, the using amount of a phosphorus-containing fatty acid salt collecting agent is 60g/t, the using amount of a foaming agent No. 2 oil is 30g/t, the aeration amount is 0.2m/h, the flotation time is 4min, and finally, the grade of the copper concentrate is 25.42%, and the recovery rate is 85.25%.
Test example 2
The soap body containing phosphate, which is separated from the sludge in example 2, is prepared into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 15% and used as a collecting agent. 300g of a brass ore sample with the granularity of 70 percent of-200 meshes and the grade of 3.32 percent is put into a 1L inflatable flotation machine for 1 flotation experiment, the using amount of the phosphorus-containing fatty acid salt collecting agent is 70g/t, the using amount of the foaming agent No. 2 oil is 30g/t, the aeration amount is 0.2m/h, the flotation time is 4min, the grade of the copper concentrate is finally obtained and the recovery rate is 87.77 percent.