CN112843361B - A precise hemodialysis system - Google Patents
A precise hemodialysis system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112843361B CN112843361B CN202011613348.XA CN202011613348A CN112843361B CN 112843361 B CN112843361 B CN 112843361B CN 202011613348 A CN202011613348 A CN 202011613348A CN 112843361 B CN112843361 B CN 112843361B
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- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 108
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 74
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 63
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 53
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 51
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 26
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 15
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000009304 Acute Kidney Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012639 Balance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000033626 Renal failure acute Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010070863 Toxicity to various agents Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011040 acute kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012998 acute renal failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
- A61M1/1603—Regulation parameters
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an accurate hemodialysis system, which comprises a dialysate preparation and supply device and a dialysis machine, wherein the device comprises a preparation mechanism, the preparation mechanism is used for preparing saturated solutions of corresponding raw material components by respectively and independently mixing a plurality of or all raw material components in raw materials used for the dialysate with water, the preparation mechanism comprises a plurality of preparation units respectively used for preparing the saturated solutions of the corresponding raw material components and arranged in parallel, and infusion pipelines respectively connected with the preparation units, flow meters are respectively arranged on the infusion pipelines respectively connected with the preparation units, and the device also comprises a control unit respectively electrically connected with the flow meters. By utilizing the characteristic that the saturated solution of each raw material is a fixed value, the outflow flow of the saturated solution of each raw material is regulated and controlled, and the preparation amount of each raw material component can be accurately controlled, so that the purpose of accurately preparing the dialysis liquid meeting the treatment requirement is achieved, the intermediate links are effectively reduced, and no new pollution risk is introduced from the raw material to the dialysis machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instrument manufacturing, and particularly relates to a precise hemodialysis system.
Background
Hemodialysis is mainly used for treating chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, drug poisoning and other diseases, and is widely applied clinically. Hemodialysis is to introduce patient's blood and dialysate into a hemodialyzer simultaneously by utilizing the principle of a semipermeable membrane, and flow in opposite directions on both sides of the dialysis membrane, by means of solubility gradient, permeation gradient and water pressure gradient on both sides of the semipermeable membrane. Toxin is removed by dispersion, convection and adsorption; removing excessive water in the body through ultrafiltration and permeation; and meanwhile, required substances are supplemented, and electrolyte and acid-base balance disorder is corrected.
In the hemodialysis process, the dialysis machine has the advantages of preparing dialysate, pumping the blood and the dialysate to the dialyzer, providing precise ultrafiltration control, controlling the blood, the flow rate and the transmembrane pressure in the hemodialysis process, controlling the treatment parameters of the patient diafiltration in the treatment process, and completing the dialysis treatment.
The main components of the dialysate used for hemodialysis are sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid or acetic acid.
The existing dialysate supply mode is that the dialysate manufacturer uses the above raw materials to mix into dry powder or saturated solution for supply to the dialysis center, and the sodium bicarbonate and other components react and crystallize due to transportation and storage cost. The sodium bicarbonate solution can grow bacteria, the sodium bicarbonate and other components are separated into A, B components, meanwhile, A, B is provided with the solution and dry powder, the dry powder is required to be prepared into concentrated solution by hospitals, the A/B concentrated solution is supplied to a dialysis machine for use, and the A/B components are diluted and mixed on line to a solution permeated with blood and the like according to the proportion provided by the concentrate by the dialysis machine and then supplied to a patient for use.
The liquid supply mode can undoubtedly increase the design and development difficulty of the dialysis machine, the dialysis liquid needs to be diluted on line, a large space inside the dialysis machine is occupied, the whole dilution process must be accurately regulated and controlled, and excessive fluctuation cannot occur in the dialysis process. The dialysis machine is also provided with a blood pumping device, a dialysate pumping device, an ultrafiltration control device, a matched heating and heat-preserving device, a sterilizing device and the like, so that the electromagnetic environment in the whole dialysis machine is complex, and the monitoring and controlling devices are more, thereby being unfavorable for design and development and maintenance.
The existing liquid supply mode has the following defects besides the development difficulty of the dialysis machine: first, dialysis concentrate formulators inevitably introduce new contamination during the process of buying raw materials, and although this risk can be alleviated by production in clean plants and various purification filtration means, it is also objectively present. Secondly, a part of the raw materials are hydrates, and the proportioning accuracy is affected due to the increase and decrease of the water content in the storage and configuration process. The prepared product needs to be transported to a treatment center again, and has larger unit mass and higher storage and transportation cost. In the dialysis center, the concentrated powder is further required to be prepared into concentrated solution again by medical care, and then the concentrated solution is prepared into diluted solution by a dialysis machine for patients to use.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems, the invention provides an improved accurate hemodialysis system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides an accurate hemodialysis system, includes the dialysate that is used for preparing the dialysate join in marriage liquid feed arrangement and with the dialysis machine that the device passes through the pipeline links to each other, the device includes proportioning mechanism, proportioning mechanism is to a plurality of or all raw and other materials components in the raw and other materials that the dialysate used are respectively independent to mix with water and are prepared into the saturated solution of corresponding raw and other materials component, proportioning mechanism includes a plurality of parallelly connected proportioning units that are used for preparing respectively the saturated solution of corresponding raw and other materials component and respectively with each the infusion pipeline that proportioning unit links to each other, set up the flowmeter respectively on the transfer line that links to each proportioning unit respectively in the infusion pipeline, the device still includes respectively with the control unit that the flowmeter electricity is connected.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material components prepared into the saturated solution are powder of the raw material components, the device further comprises a water delivery pipeline, the water delivery pipeline is connected with the batching units, electromagnetic valves are respectively arranged on water pipes connected with the batching units in the water delivery pipeline, and the electromagnetic valves are electrically connected with the control unit.
Further, each of the batching units includes a bucket for storing each of the raw material components, a chamber for mounting each of the buckets, and a first heating unit for heating the chamber to maintain the material in the bucket at a certain temperature, the water delivery pipeline and the water delivery pipeline are respectively connected with each of the buckets, and water is introduced into each of the buckets through the water delivery pipeline to dissolve the powder of the corresponding raw material component in the bucket to prepare a saturated solution of the corresponding raw material component.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, each of the batching units includes a barrel for storing each of the raw material components, the infusion line is connected to the bottom of each of the barrels, the bottom of each of the barrels is provided with a filter screen, and the feed liquid in each of the barrels enters the infusion line after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the raw material storage area of the charging basket is provided with a stirring structure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the device further comprises a liquid concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of liquid in the infusion tube connected to each of the dosing units;
Or each batching unit comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, each infusion pipeline is connected with the bottom of each charging basket, the bottom of each charging basket is provided with a filter screen, and the feed liquid in each charging basket enters the infusion pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the device further comprises a liquid concentration sensor to monitor the liquid concentration of the saturated solution zone of the bowl.
Further, the device also comprises an alarm device; and when the liquid concentration monitored by any liquid concentration sensor is smaller than a preset value, the alarm device can be triggered.
Further, the batching mechanism is provided with 2 groups, each group of batching mechanism comprises a plurality of batching units respectively used for preparing saturated solutions corresponding to raw material components, the water delivery pipeline and the transfusion pipeline are respectively connected with all the batching units, and the batching units for preparing the same saturated solution in the 2 groups of batching mechanisms are alternately used.
According to some embodiment aspects of the invention, the device further comprises a disinfection mechanism connected to the water pipe by a pipe, the disinfection mechanism being a thermal disinfection mechanism and/or a chemical disinfection mechanism.
According to some embodiment aspects of the invention, the device further comprises a heat exchanger arranged on the water conveying pipeline for heating the ingredient water.
Further, the infusion pipeline comprises a public infusion pipe, a mixing pipe arranged on the public infusion pipe and a plurality of branch infusion pipes respectively connected between the public infusion pipe and each dosing unit, and the flow meters are respectively arranged on the branch infusion pipes.
Still further, each branch infusion tube is further provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the feed liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube and a conductivity meter for monitoring the conductivity of the feed liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube, or each branch infusion tube is further provided with a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring, the device further comprises a monitoring unit which is used for monitoring the conductivity of the feed liquid in each dosing unit and has an alarm function, and the monitoring unit is electrically connected with the control unit.
According to some example aspects of the invention, the dialysate uses raw materials including sodium chloride powder, potassium chloride powder, calcium chloride powder, magnesium chloride powder, citric acid powder or acetate powder and sodium bicarbonate powder, and a plurality of the dosing units include a sodium chloride dosing unit for preparing a sodium chloride saturated solution, a potassium chloride dosing unit for preparing a potassium chloride saturated solution, a calcium chloride dosing unit for preparing a calcium chloride saturated solution, a magnesium chloride dosing unit for preparing a magnesium chloride saturated solution, an acid dosing unit for preparing a citric acid saturated solution or acetate saturated solution, and a sodium bicarbonate dosing unit for preparing a sodium bicarbonate saturated solution.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the dialysis machine comprises a standard dialysate inlet, a waste liquid discharge pipe, a pressure regulating unit, a heating unit and a degassing unit, wherein the standard dialysate inlet is communicated with a transfusion pipeline of the dialysate preparation and supply device through a pipeline, the pressure regulating unit, the heating unit and the degassing unit are sequentially connected between the standard dialysate inlet and the waste liquid discharge pipe through pipelines, standard dialysate provided by the device enters through the standard dialysate inlet and then is sequentially treated through the pressure regulating unit, the heating unit and the degassing unit, the treated dialysate is supplied to a dialyzer for dialysis, and the dialysate dialyzed for use by the dialyzer is discharged through the waste liquid discharge pipe.
Further, the device also comprises a dilution tank unit connected between the infusion pipeline and the dialysis machine, the dilution tank unit comprises a dilution tank with a stirrer, a circulating pipe connected to the dilution tank, a circulating pump arranged on the circulating pipe and a second heating unit for heating the dilution tank so that the feed liquid in the dilution tank is kept at a certain temperature, and the feed liquid in the dilution tank is conveyed to the standard dialysate inlet through a pipeline.
According to aspects of some embodiments of the present invention, the dialysis machine further comprises a storage tank and a mixing tank connected between the heating unit and the degassing unit through a pipeline, wherein the storage tank is connected with the mixing tank through a pipeline to feed materials into the mixing tank, and a conductivity meter and an electromagnetic valve with temperature monitoring are respectively arranged on a connecting pipeline between the storage tank and the mixing tank, or a temperature sensor, a conductivity meter and an electromagnetic valve are also respectively arranged on a connecting pipeline between the storage tank and the mixing tank; the heating unit is also in communication with the degassing unit via a conduit.
Further, the dialysis machine further comprises a heat exchanger arranged on the waste liquid discharge pipe, the pressure regulating unit comprises a first pressure regulating valve, a liquid inlet pressure controller and a second pressure regulating valve which are sequentially connected between the standard dialysate inlet and the heating unit through pipelines, the heat exchanger is further connected between the first pressure regulating valve and the liquid inlet pressure controller, and the heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between the dialysate after passing through the first pressure regulating valve and waste liquid in the waste liquid discharge pipe.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the degassing unit comprises a flow restrictor, an expansion chamber, a degassing pressure controller and a degassing chamber connected in sequence by a pipe, a flow pump is arranged on the connecting pipe between the degassing pressure controller and the degassing chamber, the flow restrictor is positioned between the mixing tank and the expansion chamber, and the heating unit is also communicated with the connecting pipe between the mixing tank and the flow restrictor by a pipe.
Further, a temperature sensor, a conductivity meter or a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring are respectively arranged on a dialysate liquid inlet pipe and a dialysate liquid outlet pipe of the degassing unit, and a pressure protection sensor is also arranged on the dialysate liquid outlet pipe of the degassing unit.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dialysis machine further comprises an ultrafiltration control chamber, a dialysate filter and a degassing unit, wherein the dialysate inlet and outlet of the dialyzer are respectively connected with the dialysate filter and the degassing unit, the ultrafiltration control chamber is provided with a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other, the first channel is respectively connected with the degassing chamber and the dialysate filter through pipelines, a dialysate through valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the first channel and the dialysate filter, the second channel is respectively connected with the degassing unit and a waste liquid discharge pipe through pipelines, the inlet and the outlet of the first channel are respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the second channel through pipelines, a dialysate bypass valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the first channel and the inlet of the second channel, and a zero setting valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the inlet of the first channel and the outlet of the second channel.
Further, the waste liquid discharge pipe is further provided with a current limiter, a liquid discharge pump, a blood leakage detector, a conductivity meter with temperature monitoring or a temperature sensor and a conductivity meter in sequence, the degassing unit comprises a degassing chamber arranged between the dialyzer and an inlet of the second channel and a degassing pressure gauge for monitoring the air pressure in the degassing chamber, the degassing chamber is further connected with the waste liquid discharge pipe through a pipeline, the joint of the degassing chamber and the waste liquid discharge pipe is positioned between the liquid discharge pump and the blood leakage detector, and the conductivity meter is positioned between the blood leakage detector and the second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the dialysate preparation and supply device adopted by the dialysis system can be directly arranged in a dialysis center, raw materials of the dialysate (such as various raw material powders used by the dialysate) are directly used on site to prepare saturated solutions of the corresponding raw materials on line, the characteristics that the saturated solutions of the raw materials are a fixed value at a certain temperature are utilized, the flow of each flowmeter is controlled according to a control unit to regulate the outflow flow of the saturated solution of each raw material, and the preparation dosage of each raw material component can be accurately controlled, so that the purpose of accurately preparing the dialysate meeting the treatment requirement is achieved, the dialysate is supplied to a dialyzer for use, intermediate links are effectively reduced, new pollution risks are not introduced from the raw materials to the dialyzer, and the formula proportion of the dialysate can be rapidly regulated according to different treatment requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis machine of a precision hemodialysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a precision hemodialysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a precision hemodialysis system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dialysis machine of a precision hemodialysis system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure:
1. A charging barrel; 2. a temperature sensor; 3. a conductivity meter; 4. a flow meter; 5. an electromagnetic valve; 6. a vent; 7. diluting and pouring; 8. a stirrer; 9. a circulation pump; 10. a pH monitor; 11. a heat exchanger; 12. a filter screen; 13. a pressure gauge; 14. a first pressure regulating valve; 15. a feed liquid pressure controller; 16. a second pressure regulating valve; 17. a flow switch; 18. a heater; 19. a mixing tank; 20. a storage barrel; 21. a flow restrictor; 22. an expansion chamber; 23. a degassing pressure controller; 24. a flow pump; 25. a degassing chamber; 26. a pressure protection sensor; 27. an ultrafiltration control chamber; 28. a dialysate bypass valve; 29. a dialysate straight-through valve; 30. a dialysate filter; 31. a dialyzer; 32. a deaeration chamber; 33. a blood leakage detector; 34. a liquid discharge pump; 35. a heat exchanger; 37. a raw material storage area; 38. a saturated solution zone; 39. a stirring structure; 201. attaching a powder filter screen; 202. a storage area; 203. attaching a powder stirring structure; 204. adding a powder saturated solution area; 205. a water pipe;
a. A common water pipe; b. a branch water pipe; c. a common infusion tube; d. branching transfusion tube; e. a circulation pipe; f. a vacuum tube; g. a dialysate delivery line; h. a mixing tube; i. a return pipe; j. a waste liquid discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.
The accurate hemodialysis system provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes a dialysate preparation and supply device 100 for preparing a dialysate, and a dialysis machine 200 connected to the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 through a pipe. The dialysate preparation and supply device 100 for a dialysate system is connected to a dialysis machine through a pipeline, that is, the dialysate supplied by the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 for a dialysate system is directly used in the dialysis operation of the dialysis machine.
The dialysate dispensing and supplying device 100 includes a dispensing mechanism that separately mixes a plurality of or all raw material components of raw materials used for the dialysate with water to prepare a saturated solution of the corresponding raw material components.
The batching mechanism comprises a plurality of batching units which are arranged in parallel and are respectively used for preparing saturated solutions corresponding to raw material components, and infusion pipelines which are respectively connected with the batching units to convey the saturated solutions in the batching units, wherein flow meters are respectively arranged on infusion pipes which are respectively connected with the batching units in the infusion pipelines, and the device also comprises a control unit which is respectively and electrically connected with the flow meters 4. The control unit controls the flowmeter 4 to control the liquid outlet amount of the saturated solution in each dosing unit, so that the purpose of accurately preparing the dialysis liquid meeting the treatment requirement is achieved.
In the present application, the raw materials are disposed as the respective saturated solutions, compared to the method of directly mixing the powder or the concentrated solution of the raw materials. Because the mass fraction of the saturated solution is a fixed value and the liquid dosage is easier to control, the ratio of the raw materials is controlled by controlling the flow of the saturated solution, and the quantity of the raw materials can be controlled more accurately, thereby reducing the error of the configured dialysate.
The feeding form of each raw material component for preparing the saturated solution is preferably powder of each raw material component, the dialysis solution preparation and supply device 100 further comprises a water conveying pipeline, the water conveying pipeline is connected with each preparation unit, electromagnetic valves 5 are respectively arranged on water pipes respectively connected with each preparation unit in the water conveying pipeline, and each electromagnetic valve 5 is electrically connected with the control unit.
Each batching unit respectively comprises a charging basket 1 for storing each raw material component, a chamber for installing each charging basket 1 and a first heating unit for heating the chamber so as to keep the materials in the charging basket 1 at a certain temperature, wherein the certain temperature can be 36-38 ℃, and is preferably about 37.5 ℃ and is closer to the blood temperature in a human body. In this example, a plurality of chambers (not shown in the figure) are provided, each chamber is provided with a charging basket 1, and each chamber is respectively provided with a first heating unit, so as to ensure that the temperature of the material liquid in each charging basket 1 is kept at about 37.5 ℃ and is closer to the temperature of the blood in the human body. Each charging basket 1 is correspondingly provided with a cavity, and the temperature is more stable. The top of each charging basket 1 is also provided with an air vent 6 to prevent negative pressure in the charging basket 1.
In this example, the raw materials used for the dialysate include sodium chloride dry powder, potassium chloride dry powder, calcium chloride dry powder, magnesium chloride dry powder, citric acid dry powder and sodium bicarbonate dry powder, and the plurality of dosing units include a sodium chloride dosing unit for preparing a sodium chloride saturated solution, a potassium chloride dosing unit for preparing a potassium chloride saturated solution, a calcium chloride dosing unit for preparing a calcium chloride saturated solution, a magnesium chloride dosing unit for preparing a magnesium chloride saturated solution, a citric acid dosing unit for preparing a citric acid saturated solution and a sodium bicarbonate dosing unit for preparing a sodium bicarbonate saturated solution.
In this example, the plurality of barrels 1 includes a sodium chloride barrel for storing sodium chloride dry powder, a potassium chloride barrel for storing potassium chloride dry powder, a calcium chloride barrel for storing calcium chloride dry powder, a magnesium chloride barrel for storing magnesium chloride dry powder, a citric acid barrel for storing citric acid dry powder, and a sodium bicarbonate barrel for storing sodium bicarbonate dry powder, respectively. The water delivery pipeline comprises a public water pipe a and a plurality of branch water pipes b which are respectively connected between the public water pipe a and each batching unit, wherein electromagnetic valves 5 are respectively arranged on each branch water pipe b, in the example, the plurality of branch water pipes b are respectively connected with the tops of a sodium chloride bucket, a potassium chloride bucket, a calcium chloride bucket, a magnesium chloride bucket, a citric acid bucket and a sodium bicarbonate bucket in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and water is led into each bucket 1 through the water delivery pipeline so as to dissolve corresponding powder in the bucket 1 to prepare saturated solution of corresponding raw material components.
The infusion pipeline includes public transfer line c and connects a plurality of branch transfer lines d between public transfer line c and each batching unit respectively, and in this example, a plurality of branch transfer lines d are connected with sodium chloride storage bucket, potassium chloride storage bucket, calcium chloride storage bucket, magnesium chloride storage bucket, citric acid storage bucket and sodium bicarbonate storage bucket's bottom one-to-one respectively, and set up filter screen 12 in sodium chloride storage bucket, potassium chloride storage bucket, calcium chloride storage bucket, magnesium chloride storage bucket, citric acid storage bucket and sodium bicarbonate storage bucket's bottom respectively, get into branch transfer line d after the saturated solution in each storage bucket filters through filter screen 12.
The common infusion tube c is also provided with a mixing tube h, and the mixing tube h adopts the existing mixing tube with swirl blades in the tube so as to mix all saturated solutions in the mixing tube h in advance.
Each branch infusion tube d is respectively provided with a flowmeter 4, a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube d and a conductivity meter 3 for monitoring the conductivity of the liquid in the corresponding branch infusion tube d, the flowmeter 4, the temperature sensor 2 and the conductivity meter 3 are respectively and electrically connected with the control unit.
The batching mechanism can be provided with 2 groups, each group batching mechanism comprises the sodium chloride batching unit, the potassium chloride batching unit, the calcium chloride batching unit, the magnesium chloride batching unit, the citric acid batching unit and the sodium bicarbonate batching unit, the water conveying pipeline and the transfusion pipeline are respectively connected with all the batching units, the batching units for preparing the same saturated solution in the 2 groups batching mechanisms are alternately used, one of the charging barrels is used, water is introduced into the other charging barrel in advance (the adopted water is reverse osmosis water) when the charging barrel is used, the charging barrels are heated to a set value, and a saturated solution is formed, for example, the electromagnetic valve 5 can be set into a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the open circuit of the electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled through the control unit.
The dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further comprises a monitoring unit with an alarm function for monitoring the conductivity of the liquid in each preparation unit, and the monitoring unit is electrically connected with the control unit. In the charging barrels for preparing the same saturated solution in the 2 groups of proportioning mechanisms, when the change of the conductivity of the material liquid in one charging barrel in use (the conductivity of the saturated solution of each raw material component at a certain temperature is a fixed value) is monitored, the solute in the charging barrel is indicated to be close to or dissolved, the control unit controls the electromagnetic valve to be automatically switched into the other standby charging barrel, and a photoelectric alarm signal is sent to the monitoring unit to give a photoelectric alarm, so that workers are reminded of timely changing the charging barrel.
The dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further comprises a heat exchanger 11 arranged on the common water pipe a, so that the water introduced into the charging basket 1 is heated to a certain temperature in advance, and is usually heated to about 37.5 ℃.
The dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further includes a sterilizing mechanism connected to the water pipe via a pipe, and specifically, the sterilizing mechanism may be a heat sterilizing mechanism or a chemical sterilizing mechanism or a combination of both. After the dialysate is prepared, if equipment such as a dosing mechanism is not needed, hot water or ozone or other chemical disinfectants without residues are introduced from the inlet of the water delivery pipeline, and the whole system is disinfected and washed so as to meet the microbial requirements of hemodialysis.
In this example, the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 further includes a dilution tank unit connected to the infusion line, where the dilution tank unit includes a dilution tank 7 with a stirrer 8 connected to the common infusion line c, a circulation pipe e connected to the dilution tank 7, a circulation pump 9 disposed on the circulation pipe e, and a second heating unit for heating the dilution tank 7 so that the liquid in the dilution tank 7 is maintained at a certain temperature, where one end of the circulation pipe e is connected to the bottom of the dilution tank 7, and the other end is connected to the upper portion of the dilution tank 7. The apparatus further comprises a branch water pipe b connected between the common water pipe a and the common transfusion pipe c or the dilution tank 7 to dilute the mixed solution of the saturated solutions of the respective raw material components by passing water to obtain a diluted dialysate. In this case, the branch water pipe b is connected to the common liquid-feeding pipe c upstream of the mixing pipe h in the flow direction of the feed liquid in the pipe, so that water and each saturated solution are premixed in the mixing pipe h and then enter the dilution tank 7.
The second heating unit heats the diluting tank 7 so that the feed liquid in the diluting tank 7 is kept at about 37.5 ℃ and is more close to human blood, and the second heating unit is used for assisting the mixing and constant temperature of the feed liquid in the diluting tank 7 through the arrangement of the circulating pipe e and the circulating pump 9.
In this example, when the dialysate is used, referring to fig. 2, the dialysate is transported from the dilution tank 7 to each dialysis machine 200 through the dialysate transport pipe g, and a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid in the pipe, a conductivity meter 3 for monitoring the conductivity of the liquid in the pipe, and a pH detector 10 and a flowmeter for monitoring the pH of the liquid in the pipe are further provided on the dialysate transport pipe g, and the temperature sensor 2, the conductivity meter 3, the pH detector 10 and the flowmeter are electrically connected to the control unit, respectively.
A return line i is also provided between the dialysate delivery line g and the dilution tank 7 to maintain a steady supply of dialysate. When the dialysate fed from the dilution tank 7 is supplied to a plurality of dialysis machines, the different dialysis machines are started for different times, and the use flow rate is large and small, but in order to keep the dialysate stably supplied, the flow rate of the dialysate flowing out of the dialysate feeding pipe g is substantially constant, and the surplus dialysate not taken out by the dialysis machines 200 is returned to the dilution tank 7.
The dilution tank 7 is also connected with a vacuum tube f for vacuumizing, a temperature sensor 2 for monitoring the temperature of the feed liquid in the dilution tank 7 and a barometer 13 for monitoring the air pressure in the dilution tank 7.
In other embodiments, for larger usage, a redundant dialysis center is needed, after the dialysate is dosed, a liquid storage tank is connected between the dilution tank 7 and the dialysis machine 200, the dialysate is led out from the liquid storage tank and supplied to the dialysis machine for use, and a liquid outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is provided with a temperature sensor, a pH monitor, a conductivity meter and a flowmeter.
In other embodiments, the conductivity meter used on the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 can be a temperature-monitored conductivity meter, i.e., a conductivity meter that monitors both temperature and conductivity.
The dialysis system of this example may be provided with one or more dialysis machines 200, and the dialysate dispensed by the dialysate dispensing and supply device 100 may be supplied to one dialysis machine 200 or to a plurality of dialysis machines 200 for simultaneous use.
The dialysis machine 200 in this example adopts a structure different from that of a conventional dialysis machine, and the inside of the dialysis machine in this example is not provided with a dilution tank unit for diluting high-concentration dialysate, so that the structural design inside the dialysis machine is greatly simplified, and the maintenance of the dialysis machine is facilitated.
In this example, referring to fig. 1, the dialysis machine 200 includes a standard dialysate inlet and a waste liquid discharge pipe j, and a dialysate delivery pipe g of the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 is connected to the standard dialysate inlet, and is used for supplying the standard dialysate prepared by the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 to a dialyzer 31 on the dialysis machine 200, and the dialysate after dialysis using by the dialyzer 31 is discharged through the waste liquid discharge pipe j.
The dialysis machine 200 further comprises a pressure regulating unit, a heating unit, a degassing unit, a dialysate filter 30 and a degassing unit connected in sequence between the standard dialysate inlet and the waste liquid discharge pipe j through pipes, the pressure regulating unit being connected to the standard dialysate inlet for depressurizing the dialysate entering from the standard dialysate inlet, and a dialyzer 31 being connected between the dialysate filter 30 and the degassing unit. In this example, the heating unit is a heater 18 for heating the dialysate to a temperature close to the blood temperature of the human body.
The dialysis machine 200 further comprises a heat exchanger 35 arranged on the waste liquid discharge pipe j, the pressure regulating unit comprises a first pressure regulating valve 14, a liquid inlet pressure controller 15 and a second pressure regulating valve 16 which are sequentially connected between the standard dialysate inlet and the heater 18 through pipelines, the heat exchanger 35 is further connected between the first pressure regulating valve 14 and the liquid inlet pressure controller 15 through pipelines, and the heat exchanger 35 is used for exchanging heat between the dialysate which is depressurized by the first pressure regulating valve 14 and the waste liquid in the waste liquid discharge pipe j and recycling waste heat of the waste liquid in the waste liquid discharge pipe j. A flow switch 17 is also provided in the connecting line between the second pressure regulating valve 16 and the heater 18.
The dialysate provided by the dialysate preparation and supply device 100 in this example is usually standard dialysate, and can be used by common dialysis patients, and for some special patients, such as special patients with low sodium, low potassium, low calcium, etc., trace ions such as sodium, potassium or calcium need to be added on the basis of the standard dialysate, the dialysis machine 200 in this example is used by providing a mixing tank 19 between a heater 18 and a degassing unit and adding a storage tank 20 for storing single component concentrated solutions (such as sodium chloride concentrated solution, calcium chloride concentrated solution, potassium chloride concentrated solution or other component concentrated solutions, etc.), and the storage tank 20 is communicated with the mixing tank 19 through a pipeline, so that the feed solution in the storage tank 20 is delivered into the mixing tank 19 to be mixed with the standard dialysate in the tank, and then is used by the special patients. The storage vat 20 is arranged in a heat-insulating cavity and is used for heating and insulating the feed liquid in the storage vat 20. The connecting pipeline between the storage vat 20 and the mixing tank 19 is also provided with a conductivity meter 3 with temperature monitoring and an electromagnetic valve.
The heater 18 is also in communication with the degassing unit via tubing for the supply of liquid to the average patient. The standard dialysate supply or the special dialysate supply can be selected according to the requirements of specific patients, and the arrangement of the liquid preparation of the special dialysate supply through the mixing tank 19 and the storage bucket 20 is also very convenient and quick.
The settings of the degassing unit, the dialysate filter 30, the dialyzer 31, the degassing unit and the blood leakage detector 33 in this example may be those of an existing dialysis machine.
In this case, for example, the degassing unit includes a flow restrictor 21, an expansion chamber 22, a degassing pressure controller 23 and a degassing chamber 25 connected in sequence by pipes, a flow pump 24 is further provided on a connecting pipe between the degassing pressure controller 23 and the degassing chamber 25, the flow restrictor 21 is located between the mixing tank 6 and the expansion chamber 22, and the heater 18 is communicated with a connecting pipe between the mixing tank 6 and the flow restrictor 8 by pipes.
The dialysis machine 200 further comprises an ultrafiltration control chamber 27, wherein the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 is provided with a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other, the first channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 is respectively communicated with the degassing chamber 25 and the dialysate filter 30 through a pipeline, the outlet of the first channel is also communicated with the inlet of the second channel through a pipeline, a dialysate bypass valve 28 is arranged on the pipeline, and a dialysate through valve 29 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the first channel and the dialysate filter 30; the inlet of the first channel is also communicated with the outlet of the second channel through a pipeline, and a zero setting valve is arranged on the pipeline. The second passage of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 is connected to the degassing unit and the waste liquid discharge pipe j, respectively, by piping.
In this example, the inside of the dialysate filter 30 is provided with a hollow fiber membrane filter, the dialysate filter 30 has a liquid inlet and two liquid outlets, the liquid inlet is communicated with the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, one of the two liquid outlets is communicated with the outside of the hollow fiber membrane, the other is communicated with the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, the two liquid outlets are respectively connected with the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 31 through pipelines, and a valve is arranged on the pipeline connected with the liquid outlet of the inside of the hollow fiber membrane and the dialysate inlet of the dialyzer 31.
A conductivity meter 3 with temperature monitoring and a pH monitor 10 are also arranged on a dialysate liquid inlet pipe of the degassing unit, a conductivity meter 3 with temperature monitoring and a pressure protection sensor 26 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of a first channel of a degassing chamber 25 and an ultrafiltration control chamber 27 of the degassing unit (namely, on a dialysate liquid outlet pipe of the degassing unit), and whether the degassing is met or not is detected by comparing the conductivities of the dialysate liquid before and after the degassing, if the degassing is met, the dialysate liquid enters a dialysate filter 30 through a dialysate liquid through valve 29 and enters a dialyzer 31 after being filtered or not filtered; if not, dialysate is drained through the dialysate bypass valve 28. Specifically, the pressure protection sensor 26 is located between the conductivity meter 3 and the ultrafiltration control chamber 27.
In this example, a restrictor 21, a liquid discharge pump 34, a blood leakage detector 33, and a conductivity meter 3 with temperature monitoring are further provided in this order on the waste liquid discharge pipe j. The degassing unit comprises a degassing chamber 32 arranged between the dialyzer 31 and the second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27 and a degassing pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the degassing chamber 32, wherein the degassing chamber 32 is used for removing bubbles in the dialyzate which is dialyzed by the dialyzer 31 and used, and an exhaust port of the degassing chamber 32 is connected with a waste liquid discharge pipe j through a pipeline and the joint is positioned between a liquid discharge pump 34 and a blood leakage detector 33. The conductivity meter 23 on the waste drain j is located between the blood leak detector 33 and the second channel of the ultrafiltration control chamber 27.
The amount of dehydration in the patient is monitored by monitoring the flow of the flow pump 24 and the drain pump 34 while the patient is undergoing dialysis treatment.
The dialysis machine 200 of this example does not need to set up a dialysate diluting tank unit inside, compares its inner structure greatly simplified of current dialysis machine, and can also be to different patients like ordinary dialysis patient or special dialysis patient, and different dialysate is fast, convenient preparation, still can carry out recycle to the waste heat of the dialysis waste liquid after the dialysis.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, in other embodiments, the filter screen 12 divides the bowl 1 into a raw material storage area 37 and a saturated solution area 38, the raw material storage area 37 of the bowl 1 being provided with a stirring structure 39. The stirring structure 39 is arranged, so that on one hand, raw materials can be fully contacted with water, and the raw materials are convenient to dissolve, so that the saturation degree of the solution can be just ensured; on the other hand, hardening of the raw material is avoided so that the saturated solution formed can pass through the screen into the saturated solution zone 38 more smoothly.
Optionally, in other embodiments, the dialysate dispensing and supplying device for a dialysate system further includes a liquid concentration sensor for detecting a liquid concentration in a liquid transfer line connected to each dispensing unit;
Or each batching unit respectively comprises a charging basket for storing each raw material component, each infusion pipeline is respectively connected with the bottom of each charging basket, the bottom of each charging basket is respectively provided with a filter screen, and the feed liquid in each charging basket enters the infusion pipeline after being filtered by the filter screen; the filter screen divides the charging basket into a raw material storage area and a saturated solution area; the apparatus further includes a liquid concentration sensor to monitor the liquid concentration of the saturated solution zone of the bowl.
The liquid concentration sensor is arranged, so that the saturation degree of the saturated solution configured by each saturated solution configuration unit can be monitored, and the raw materials can be timely supplemented when the raw materials in the charging basket are insufficient, so that the saturation degree of the configured saturated solution can be better ensured.
Further optionally, the dialysate preparation and supply device for the dialysate system further comprises an alarm device. When the liquid concentration monitored by any liquid concentration sensor is smaller than a preset value, an alarm device can be triggered. Therefore, people can be reminded of the shortage of raw materials in the charging basket more timely, and raw materials can be added more timely.
Still further, optionally, a dialysate dispensing and supply device for a dialysis system includes a control system. When the liquid concentration sensor detects that the liquid concentration is smaller than a preset value, a signal can be sent to a control system of the dialysate preparation and supply device for the dialysis system so as to control the dialysate preparation and supply device for the dialysis system to temporarily stop the preparation operation, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the precision of the prepared dialysate is reduced due to the solution unsaturation of a certain raw material.
Optionally, referring to fig. 4, in a further possible embodiment, the dialysis machine further comprises a water conduit 205 in communication with the storage vat. Additional powder is stored in the storage tank 20. The water flows to the additional powder in the storage tank 20 through the water pipe 205 and is configured as a saturated solution corresponding to the additional powder to form an additional solution corresponding to the additional powder. I.e. the additional solution is a saturated solution corresponding to the additional powder. Because the mass fraction of the solute in the saturated solution is a fixed value, and the dosage of the liquid is easier to control, the proportion of the corresponding additional powder in the additional solution can be controlled by controlling the flow of the saturated solution, and the mass ratio of the additional powder in the added additional solution can be controlled more accurately, so that different requirements of different patients can be met better.
Further, an additional powder filter screen 201 is arranged in the storage barrel 20, and the additional powder filter screen 201 divides the storage barrel 20 into a storage area 202 and an additional powder saturated solution area 204. The storage area 202 is connected with a water pipe 205, and the additional powder saturated solution area 204 is connected with a mixing tank through a pipe. Thereby avoiding the flow of additional powder not dissolved by water to the mixing tank to more precisely control the mass ratio of the additional powder added to the mixing tank.
Further, the storage area 202 of the storage bucket 20 is provided with an additional powder stirring structure 203. Through the setting of additional powder rabbling mechanism 203, on the one hand, avoid the additional powder hardening in the storage vat 20, and then avoid the waste of additional powder, and can be better guarantee that additional solution is the saturated condition, can also make additional solution more smooth and easy pass additional powder filter screen 201.
Optionally, in other embodiments, the dialysis machine further comprises a liquid concentration sensor to detect the liquid concentration of each additional solution. The liquid concentration sensor is arranged, so that the saturation degree of each additional solution can be monitored in real time, the raw materials can be supplemented timely when the raw materials in the storage barrel are insufficient, and the saturation degree of the additional solution can be better ensured.
Further optionally, the dialysis machine further comprises an alarm device. When the liquid concentration monitored by any liquid concentration sensor is smaller than a preset value, an alarm device can be triggered. Therefore, people can be reminded of insufficient additional powder in the storage vat more timely, and additional powder can be added more timely.
Still further optionally, the dialysis machine further comprises a control system. When the liquid concentration sensor detects that the liquid concentration is smaller than a preset value, a signal can be sent to a control system of the dialysis machine so as to control the dialysis machine to stop dialysis temporarily, and therefore the problem that the error of the mass ratio of the additional powder in the dialysis liquid is large due to the fact that the solution of the additional solution is unsaturated is avoided.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
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| CN104248781B (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-03-23 | 袁毅强 | A kind of hemodialysis concentrated solution central liquid supply system |
| CN106975115A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-25 | 李建中 | Dialysate regeneration device, blood purification system |
| CN108498889A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-07 | 重庆天外天医疗器械有限公司 | The online compounding and controlling system of dialysis machine working solution and dialysis machine |
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| EP0536645A2 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-04-14 | Saueressig, Ulrich, Dr. med. | Preparation on a dialysis apparatus of the necessary bicarbonate solution for bicarbonate dialysis |
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