CN112843262B - 结合放射性核素的针对人abca1的抗体或配体及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及结合放射性核素的针对人ABCA1的抗体或配体及其用途。本发明的药物缀合物单独或与其他活性成分联合能够诊断肿瘤状况。本发明更好地诊断肿瘤提供另一种可行的选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物制药领域,具体涉及结合放射性核素的针对人ABCA1 的抗体或配体及其用途,尤其是其在靶向治疗胶质瘤(LGG)或多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中的用途。
背景技术
胶质瘤是最常发生的和最严重的神经系统瘤类型之一。胶质瘤通常预后非常不友好,属于生命威胁性很强的疾病。
胶质瘤通常按细胞类型、级别和位置而分类,且最通常根据特定类型的细胞分类,因为胶质瘤细胞与这些特定类型的细胞具有诸多共同的组织学特征。需要注意的是,上述的特定类型的细胞不一定是胶质瘤原发的细胞类型。目前,胶质瘤的主要类型和对应的特定类型的细胞如下:室管膜瘤(室管膜细胞),星形细胞瘤(星形胶质细胞),少突胶质瘤(少突胶质细胞),脑干胶质瘤(脑干),视神经胶质瘤(视神经内或周围的细胞) 和混合胶质瘤(来自不同类型的胶质细胞的细胞)。当然,也可以跟其对应的特定细胞类型分为视神经胶质瘤(可引起视力障碍或视力丧失)和脊髓胶质瘤等。
另一方面,根据WHO,胶质瘤也被进一步分级。I级是胶质瘤发展最早期、预后最好的最低级别,I级胶质瘤通常被认为是良性的。II级是仅仅比上述最低级别高的级别,其中胶质瘤是高度分化的,而非未分化癌。III级和IV级是未分化或间变性癌,且显而易见是恶性的。III级和IV级的预后非常差。但是,需要注意的是,I级和II级具有较好的预后,但是随着时间的推移,这些级别的胶质瘤会发生变化,例如愈发增加的难治愈性和级别增加的倾向。
根据胶质瘤所在的位置,特别是它们是否在硬脑膜隔上面或下面。膜隔上胶质瘤在成人中比较常见,而膜隔下胶质瘤在更低龄中更常见。
胶质瘤患者的症状因肿瘤大小、生长快慢、发病位置等不同而不同。通常胶质瘤患者主要伴随抽搐、头痛或偏头疼、神经功能异常(例如记忆力问题和言语问题)和精神状态不佳等。
胶质瘤的治疗通常包括手术切除,并结合随后的放疗和化疗。胶质母细胞瘤是比其他主要类型的中枢神经系统瘤更常发生的一类肿瘤。对其可以采用替莫唑胺和放疗以及随后的辅助疗法相结合疗法来治疗,但是该疗法的中值存活期不长。
胶质瘤的确切原因尚不清楚。目前研究表明胶质瘤的发生与基因突变,例如DNA修复基因ERGC1、ERGC2、XRCC1、异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因IDH1 和IDH2、p53、PTEN等相关。
事实上,胶质瘤很少可以治愈,高级别胶质瘤患者的预后通常更差。因此,非常需要改善胶质瘤的治疗方法。
ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ATP-binding Gassette transporterA1, ABCA1)是依赖ATP的转运蛋白,其介导胆固醇和磷脂向胞外缺乏脂质的 HDL颗粒的流出。ABCA1充当从细胞到载脂蛋白的脂质流出的关键调节物,并且因此参与降低动脉粥样硬化的风险。进一步地,ABCA1是影响血浆中 HDL水平的关键性分子。在肝和小肠中,人ABCA1产生大部分循环性HDL。
放射性同位素药物是核医学的重要组成部分,广泛应用于癌症的诊疗、心肌成像和心脏疾病诊断,以及神经退行性疾病的状态监测。放射性药物指含有放射性同位素供医学诊断和治疗用的一类特殊药物。用于机体内进行医学诊断或治疗的含放射性同位素标记的化合物或生物制剂。放射性药物按用途分为诊断用放射性药物和治疗用放射性药物。采用内照射的靶向放射性同位素药物由于治疗效果好、副作用低,特别对弥散性癌和微转移癌的内放射治疗效果更好,与离子束肿瘤治疗形成完美的互补,在欧美国家已经成为放射性肿瘤治疗药物发展的新趋势。虽然同位素显像与治疗有着明显的优势与应用前景,但其也存在一些问题,如缺乏对病灶部位的高特异性靶向、富集于正常器官而引发的器官损伤、血液循环时间与半衰期不匹配等,阻碍了其在临床上的进一步应用。迫切需要开发靶向诊断与治疗用同位素,提高其治疗效率降低毒副作用。
发明内容
为了更好地治愈神经胶质瘤或为治疗神经胶质瘤提供另一种可行的选择,提高患者的预后或者生活质量,本发明的发明人经过大量、坚持不懈的筛选,发现核素可以缀合至针对人ABCA1的抗体或配体上,以治疗神经胶质瘤。
因此,本发明一方面提供了抗ABCA1抗体及其抗原结合片段。进一步地,本发明所述的抗原结合片段可选自如下的组:骆驼Ig、Ig NAR、Fab 片段、Fab’片段、F(ab)’2片段、F(ab)’3片段、Fv、scFv、双-scFv、(scFv)2、微型抗体、双链抗体、三链抗体、四链抗体、二硫键稳定的Fv蛋白以及单结构域抗体(sdAb,纳米抗体)、双特异性抗体或三特异性抗体等。
进一步地,本发明还提供了一种融合蛋白,其包含上述的抗体或抗原结合片段。
示例性地,本发明中所述的融合蛋白还可包含标签序列(例如Poly-His、Hemagglutinin、c-Myc、GST、Flag-tag等)或IgG1-Fc蛋白序列。
本发明还提供了一种抗体-药物缀合物,其包含本发明中所述的抗体或抗原结合片段。
示例性地,在本发明所述的抗体-药物缀合物中,所述的药物选自如下:放射性核素(优选为α射线的核素211At,225Ac,223Ra)、32P、35S、荧光染料、电子致密试剂、酶、生物素、链霉亲和素、洋地黄毒苷、半抗原、免疫原性蛋白质、具有与靶标互补的序列的核酸分子,或任何前述的组合;或免疫调节化合物、抗癌剂、抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂和抗寄生虫剂,或任何前述的组合。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种用于治疗神经胶质瘤的药物,其含有本发明所述的药物缀合物。任选地,本发明的药物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
优选地,本发明的用于治疗神经胶质瘤的药物还含有其他治疗胶质瘤的活性成分。
本发明的第二方面提供了本发明的抗体或本发明的药物缀合物在制备用于治疗神经胶质瘤的药物中的用途。任选地,用于治疗神经胶质瘤的药物还含有药学上可接受的载体。优选地,用于治疗神经胶质瘤的药物还含有其他治疗胶质瘤的活性成分。
本发明的第三方面提供了治疗受试者中神经胶质瘤的方法,其包括向所述受试者中施用有效量的本发明的药物缀合物。
示例性地,本发明中所述的其他活性成分,例如可为替莫唑胺。
对于本发明所述的受试者,其优选为哺乳动物,更优选为人。
本领域技术人员可以对本发明的药物缀合物作出任何修饰,前提是所述修饰不负面影响其活性。例如,可以在药物缀合物中缀合多种放射性核素,以提高其在体内的治疗活性;或者可以与已知的穿透肽连接,以促进本发明化合物的透皮吸收或者越过血脑屏障等。总之,本领域技术人员可对本发明的所述的药物缀合物进行各种修饰以提高递送效率或用于其他目的并保持其活性。这类修饰也是在本发明的范围之内的。
在本发明中,除活性成分外,本发明的方法、用途和产品还可以包含合适的药学上可接受的载体,包括促进活性成分加工成制剂(例如适于注射或输注的制剂)的赋形剂和助剂。
适于注射或输注的制剂可包括水性和非水性无菌注射液和水性和非水性无菌混悬剂,所述无菌注射液可任选地包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和能使制剂与目的接收者的血液等压的溶质,所述无菌混悬剂可包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。所述制剂可存在于单位剂量或多剂量容器中,例如密封的安瓿,并且可以保存在冻结干燥的(冻干)条件,在立即使用前仅需要加入无菌液体载体,例如注射用水。
本发明的各种细胞因子活性成分任选地可与固体赋形剂相组合,且任选地磨碎所得到的混合物,并且需要时,在加入合适的助剂后,加工颗粒的混合物,以获得所需剂型。合适的赋形剂特别是填充剂例如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或山梨糖醇;纤维素或淀粉制剂、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。需要时,可以加入崩解剂,例如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂或海藻酸或其盐例如海藻酸钠。
在本发明中,施用本发明的药物缀合物的量可为能治疗受试者中神经胶质瘤或抑制神经胶质瘤细胞增殖的任何量。
在本发明中,施用的有效量以及合适的单位剂量的测定在本领域技术人员的能力内,特别是根据本文提供的公开内容的启示下。
根据本发明,本发明的药学药物可以以任意有效剂量施用给药受试者。优选地,本发明的药物可以以多次剂量给药,例如从约5至约15次剂量,更优选约6-10次剂量,最优选约8次剂量。在特别优选的实施方案,在给药过程中,以每两周给药约一次的频率将本发明的药物给药至受试者,例如注射、输注或口服。在特别优选的实施方案,给药为通过静脉注射施用。
应当理解本发明的药物可以按用于通过任意适宜的途径给药的任意适宜的方式配制。
本发明的药物的剂量单位是基于常规进行给药受试者。例如,剂量单位可以基于给药频率为每日一次、每周一次、每月一次等确定。剂量单位也可基于以两次/周、三次/周等确定。
如本文所使用的,“包含”与“包括”、“含有”或“特征在于”同义,并且是包括在内的或开放性的,并且不排除另外的未陈述的元件或方法步骤。术语“包含”在本文中的任何表述,特别是在描述本发明的方法、用途或产品时,应理解为包括基本上由所述组分或元件或步骤组成和由所述组分或元件或步骤组成的那些产品、方法和用途。本文示例性描述的本发明适当地可以在不存在本文未具体公开的任何一种或多种元件、一种或多种限制的情况下进行实践。
本发明的药物中可包含涉及该药学产品的说明书,且该说明书可以含有如下内容:适应症(例如神经胶质瘤)、施用剂量(例如上述所示例性说明的)以及可能产生的副作用等等。
本文已采用的术语和表述用作描述性而不是限制性术语,并且在此种术语和表述的使用中不预期排除所示和所述特征或其部分的任何等价物,但应认识到各种修饰在请求保护的本发明的范围内是可能的。因此,应当理解尽管本发明已通过优选实施方案和任选特征具体公开,但本领域技术人员可以采用本文公开的概念的修饰和变化,并且此类修饰和变化被视为在如由附加权利要求定义的本发明的范围内。
附图说明
图1是静脉注射68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1探针后30min的横断位PET-CT 图像。红圈内显示肿瘤部位。
图2是静脉注射68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1 30nin、60min、90min后HepG2 肿瘤与荷瘤鼠肌肉放射性探针集聚量的比值(T/M)。
图3是静脉注射68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1 30nin、60min、90min后 MDA-MD-231肿瘤与荷瘤鼠肌肉放射性探针集聚量的比值(T/M)。
为更清楚地说明本发明,现结合如下实施例进行详细说明,但这些实施例仅仅是对本发明的示例性描述,并不能解释为对本申请的限制。
三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)是三磷酸结合盒转运体超家族的重要成员之一,在胆固醇逆向转运、胆固醇代谢以及高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)代谢中起着极其重要的调节作用。ABCA1基因突变会诱导Tangier 疾病和家族型HDL缺乏。近年来研究表明ABCA1介导的胆固醇流出功能具有抗肿瘤活性,ABCA1有望成为肿瘤治疗新靶点。
肝癌即肝脏恶性肿瘤,可分为原发性和继发性两大类。原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤起源于肝脏的上皮或间叶组织,前者称为原发性肝癌,是我国高发的,危害极大的恶性肿瘤;后者称为肉瘤,与原发性肝癌相比较较为少见。继发性或称转移性肝癌系指全身多个器官起源的恶性肿瘤侵犯至肝脏。一般多见于胃、胆道、胰腺、结直肠、卵巢、子宫、肺、乳腺等器官恶性肿瘤的肝转移。
三阴性乳腺癌临床表现为一种侵袭性病程,其远处转移风险较高,内脏转移机会较骨转移高,脑转移几率也较高。三阴性乳腺癌的远处转移风险在3年时达到高峰,之后可能会有所下降。三阴性乳腺癌的中位肿瘤大小为2cm,50%有淋巴结转移。此类乳腺癌的组织学分级多为3级,细胞增殖比例较高。
1试验系统的选择理由
参照《药物非临床药代动力学研究技术指导原则》,裸鼠是先天性胸腺缺陷的小鼠,裸鼠外表表现为无毛以及缺乏正常胸腺。其特性包含T细胞缺陷,因此可接受外来移植的细胞,较不会有免疫排斥现象,适合于异种移植。
动物的标记与识别
检疫适应期间以动物固有的动物ID号标示,分组后使用动物号。实验过程中,每个动物有唯一的动物号,并且将笼卡贴于动物笼具上,笼卡上有专题编号、动物号、动物ID号、组别、性别等信息。
检疫与适应性饲养
所有动物接受至少7天的检疫与适应性饲养,饲养条件:温度20℃~27℃,湿度45%~75%,光照12小时明暗交替。
笼具
动物饲养于独立送风系统IVC中,每笼不多于5只。
试验动物饲料
饲料种类:鼠维持饲料
生产单位:江苏协同医药生物工程有限责任公司
生产许可证编号:苏饲证(2014)01008,SCXK(京)2014-0010
饲料批号:20180530;18068221
有效期:20190529
保存条件:低温、干燥和卫生
饲喂方法:自由饮食
饲料检测:每批饲料均有生产商提供的质量合格证明;每年由第三方有资质的专业检测单位对饲料进行1次常规营养成分指标、化学污染物指标、微生物指标检测。
试验动物饮用水
通过笼具内的水壶喂养,自由摄取,饮用水为灭菌过的纯化水。
放射性标记
NOTA-ABCA1制备
将1mg NOTA-NCS溶于1mL H2O中,取50uL(50ug,62nmol)加入复溶的ABCA1抗体中(1mg,74nmol,Anti-ABCA1抗体[AB.H10],购自 abcam,为小鼠单克隆抗体[AB.H10]toABCA1,免疫原:Recombinant fragment corresponding to Human ABCA1 aa 1800-2260.Database link: 095477),抗体与NOTA-NCS比为1∶1,同时加入20uL的0.1M NaHCO3溶液中,避光,于25℃的条件下震荡反应0.5h。
68Ga离子的制备
用5mL 0.1M HCl淋洗锗镓发生器,分段收集盐酸洗脱液,取中段活度最高部分(7mCi,0.5mL)加入500uL醋酸钠缓冲液(0.1mol/L, PH=4.3)。
68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1的制备
取制备结束的DOTA-NCS-ABCA1溶液加入68Ga3+的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中, 40℃反应30min。
分离纯化
PD-10脱盐柱预活化,产物稀释后上样2.5mL,待放空后加满缓冲液开始接样,每10滴(约0.35mL)一管,接10管,活度计测试放射性活度,取前段活度最高管用于实验
放化纯测定
TLC检测,使用新华一号纸,展开剂为醋酸钠缓冲液。
肿瘤模型建立
细胞培养
HepG2和MDA-MD-231细胞株进行常规培养扩增,在接种前一天换新鲜培养基,弃去培养瓶中的培养基,PBS洗两遍,加入1mL含EDTA的0.25%胰酶消化,在显微镜下观察细胞卷缩、变圆,轻拍细胞培养瓶,使细胞脱落,然后加入完全培养基终止消化,800rpm离心5min。细胞重悬于无血清培养基中,重悬细胞调整细胞浓度为1×107个/mL;
细胞接种
每只裸鼠右侧腋下接种0.1mL。待肿瘤长至150-200mm3用于正式实验研究。
Micro-PET/CT扫描
1)Micro-PET/CT预热,日校准;
2)动物称重,通过异氟烷麻醉裸鼠;
3)静态扫描:待动物翻正反射消失,尾静脉注射显像剂,每只60uci 左右,体积为0.1mL,注射后30min、60min和90min麻醉固定至扫描床, PET静态扫描10min,并进行CT扫描。
给药相关信息及剂量设计
给药途径及方法:尾静脉注射
给药途径的选择理由:与临床拟给药方式一致
给药频率及期限:单次给药
给药体积:0.1mL
图像分析
通过西门子自带软件进行Micro-PET/CT扫描数据分析,动物肿瘤,肌肉的摄取定量,测定肿瘤肌肉比值。
结果:
探针能从血液快速清除,并主要通过肾脏排泄。探针在两种肿瘤中有明显的集聚(图1)。对68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1探针在注射后90min探针显像的T/NT值如下图所示。在HepG2细胞中,肿瘤/肌肉在90min的 T/NT值最大,为2.27±0.18(图2)。在MDA-MD-231细胞中,肿瘤/ 肌肉在30min的T/NT值最大,为3.36±0.30(图3)。
Claims (1)
1.抗体-药物缀合物在制备用于诊断肿瘤的制剂中的用途,其中所述抗体-药物缀合物包含针对人ABCA1的抗体,其中所述的药物为68Ga,其中所述缀合物的结构为:68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1,其中所述肿瘤为乳腺癌或肝癌;
所述68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1的制备方法为:
(1)DOTA-NCS-ABCA1制备
将1mg DOTA-NCS溶于1mL H2O中,取50μL加入复溶的ABCA1抗体中,抗体与DOTA-NCS比为1:1,同时加入20uL的0.1M NaHCO3溶液中,避光,于25℃的条件下震荡反应0.5h,得到的DOTA-NCS-ABCA1;
(2)68Ga离子的制备
用5mL 0.1M HCl淋洗锗镓发生器,分段收集盐酸洗脱液,取中段活度最高部分7mCi,0.5mL加入0.1mol/L,PH=4.3的500uL醋酸钠缓冲液,得到68Ga3+的醋酸钠缓冲溶液;
(3)68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1的制备
取步骤(1)制备结束的DOTA-NCS-ABCA1溶液加入步骤(2)的68Ga3+的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,40℃反应30min,得到68Ga-DOTA-NCS-ABCA1。
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