CN112843006A - 一种谷维素磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种谷维素磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种谷维素磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用,谷维素磷脂复合物包括谷维素和磷脂,谷维素和磷脂的质量比为1:3~8,谷维素磷脂复合物的粒径为120~180 μm,平衡溶解度大于4mg/ml。通过溶剂的筛选实现谷维素磷脂复合物的制备并增强谷维素水溶性。通过控制谷维素磷脂复合物粒径在120~180μm范围内并进一步粉末直压制备成口服片剂,克服谷维素磷脂复合物粘度和稳定性问题,使之适用于工业化片剂的生产且保持长期储存含量及溶出度均大于95%,生物利用度为市售谷维素片剂的1.65倍。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及谷维素口服制剂,尤其涉及一种谷维素磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
谷维素主要存在于米糠中,是一类阿魏酸与植物甾醇的结合脂。具有抗脂质过氧化、降血脂、降血糖、预防心血管疾病、抗炎等作用。谷维素是一种天然物质,安全性很高,但同时它也是一种脂溶性药物,溶于丙酮,微溶于乙醇和正庚烷,不溶于水,体内吸收差,且易被代谢降解,生物利用度低,使其应用受到了限制。
为了改善谷维素的溶解度和生物利用度,现有技术多将其制备为注射制剂。例如,CN1338255A公开了一种谷维素油性注射液,用精炼植物油溶解高纯度谷维素粉,但其进行肌肉注射时易导致肌肉结块,顺应性差。对于改善谷维素的溶解度和生物利用度的口服制剂技术还少有报道。
CN1771967A公开了一种谷维素脂质体及其制备方法,由谷维素与磷脂、胆固醇等辅料制成脂质体或前体脂质体,前体脂质体可在使用前形成脂质体,或制备成胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂等在消化道中遇水直接自发形成脂质体。但脂溶性药物一般仅包封于脂质双分子层中,药物包封率不高且易泄漏,因此,可将谷维素与磷脂通过范德华力或氢键结合成磷脂复合物,增强载药能力。
活性成分与磷脂因特殊亲和力结合成磷脂复合物后,其理化性质和生物特性可能发生显著变化,主要体现在脂溶性的增强。CN106692979A公开了一种阿托伐他汀钙磷脂复合物及其制备方法,制得的阿托伐他汀钙磷脂复合物在油相、水相及不同pH体系溶液中溶解度均有所提升。[左巨波,尚京川.盐酸小檗碱磷脂复合物的制备和理化性质研究.中国新药杂志 [J],2009;18(14):1372-1376.]公开了一种盐酸小檗碱磷脂复合物,其脂溶性显著增强,但水溶性的下降。目前未见公开谷维素磷脂复合物的相关文献,谷维素能否形成磷脂复合物以及形成的磷脂复合物水溶性、溶出度、生物利用度能否提高难以预料。
同时,磷脂复合物也存在容易氧化分解、不稳定、粘度大、流动性差等缺点,限制了磷脂复合物的工业化生产和开发成其他制剂的前景。因此,需要开发适用于磷脂复合物的制剂工艺,使之适用于工业化生产,并提高其稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种谷维素磷脂复合物及其制备方法与应用,通过溶剂的筛选实现谷维素磷脂复合物的制备并增强谷维素水溶性,从而增强溶出和生物利用度;并通过调节谷维素磷脂复合物粒径改善粘性、可压性和稳定性,适用于粉末直压工艺制备口服片剂。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:一种谷维素磷脂复合物,包括谷维素和磷脂,所述谷维素和磷脂的质量比为1:3~8;所述谷维素磷脂复合物的粒径为120~180 μm,平衡溶解度大于4mg/ml。
优选的,所述谷维素和磷脂的质量比为1:4。
一种谷维素磷脂复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取质量比为1:3~8的谷维素和磷脂,混合均匀后放入烧瓶中。
步骤2:向烧瓶中加入丙酮或四氢呋喃,控制温度20~35℃反应1~4 h,旋蒸法除去溶剂。
步骤3:收集步骤2所得干燥产物,过80~120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。
一种谷维素口服制剂,包括上述谷维素磷脂复合物以及药学上可接受的辅料。
优选的,该口服制剂的剂型是片剂,通过粉末直压工艺制备,片剂的片重为175mg,每片含谷维素10 mg,硬度为3~6 kg。
优选的,所述药学上可接受的辅料为微晶纤维素、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明通过溶剂的筛选实现谷维素磷脂复合物的制备,并增强谷维素水溶性,优化药载比后提高平衡溶解度达到4mg/ml以上。进一步制成片剂后,10min累积溶出百分数高于20%,60min累积溶出百分数高于95%,相比于市售谷维素片剂,溶出速率与溶出度显著提高,且生物利用度为市售谷维素片剂的1.65倍。
2)本发明通过粉末直压工艺和控制谷维素磷脂复合物粒径在120~180μm范围内,克服谷维素磷脂复合物粘度对制粒、压片工艺的影响,使之适用于工业化片剂的生产。
3)本发明通过将谷维素磷脂复合物进一步制成片剂并控制谷维素磷脂复合物粒径在120~180μm范围内,克服谷维素磷脂复合物稳定性问题,使之在加速6月过程中含量及溶出度保持稳定,且均大于95%。
附图说明
图1为实施例16中市售谷维素片剂和本发明谷维素磷脂复合物片剂的体外溶出结果;
图2为实施例17中市售谷维素片剂和本发明谷维素磷脂复合物片剂的大鼠体内药时曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
实施例1~4谷维素磷脂复合物的制备—反应溶剂的筛选
称取质量比为1:4的谷维素和磷脂(大豆磷脂S75,德国Lipoid),混合均匀后加入茄形烧瓶中,按照表1加入不同的反应溶剂,使药物浓度为20 mg/ml,30 ℃条件下反应2 h,采用减压旋蒸法除去溶剂。收集干燥产物,过120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。
对比例1:称取谷维素5g,放入茄形烧瓶中,加入250 ml丙酮,使药物浓度为20 mg/ml,30 ℃条件下反应2 h,采用减压旋蒸法除去溶剂。收集干燥产物,过120目筛,得到谷维素粉末。
对比例2:称取谷维素5 g,磷脂20 g,混合均匀后过120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂混合粉末。
将谷维素磷脂复合物粉末溶于水溶液中,测定室温(25℃)平衡溶解度,结果如表1所示。
表1结果表明,当反应溶剂为乙酸乙酯(实施例1)时,未形成谷维素磷脂复合物,仅相当于谷维素与磷脂物理混合(对比例2)的增溶效果。当反应溶剂为乙醇(实施例2)时,形成谷维素磷脂复合物,但水溶性并未明显提高。当反应溶剂为四氢呋喃或丙酮时,形成的磷脂复合物平衡溶解度可达到4 mg/ml以上,为谷维素(对比例1)平衡溶解度的2倍以上。但考虑到四氢呋喃毒性较大,不利于工业生产,因此优选丙酮作为反应溶剂。
实施例5~7谷维素磷脂复合物的制备—药载比的筛选
按照表2所示质量称取谷维素和磷脂,混合均匀后放入茄形烧瓶中,加入丙酮,使药物浓度为20 mg/ml,30 ℃条件下反应2 h,采用减压旋蒸法除去溶剂。收集干燥产物,过120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。测定室温(25℃)平衡溶解度,结果如表2所示。
表2结果表明,谷维素和磷脂以药载比1/3~1/8形成的磷脂复合物,平衡溶解度均达到4 mg/ml以上,且随药载比减小,载体对谷维素的增溶效果增强。
实施例8~10谷维素磷脂复合物的制备—磷脂复合物制备工艺的影响
称取质量比为1:4的谷维素和磷脂,混合均匀后加入茄形烧瓶中,加入丙酮,按表3所示不同条件下反应,采用减压旋蒸法除去溶剂。收集干燥产物,过120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。测定室温(25℃)平衡溶解度,结果如表3所示。
表3结果表明,在药物浓度15~30mg/ml,反应温度20~35℃,反应时间1~4 h范围内,制得的谷维素磷脂复合物平衡溶解度均能达到4mg/ml以上,且反应条件对平衡溶解度无显著影响。
实施例11~14谷维素口服片剂的制备—磷脂复合物粒径的影响
称取质量比为1:4的谷维素和磷脂,混合均匀后加入茄形烧瓶中,加入丙酮,使药物浓度为20 mg/ml,30 ℃条件下反应2 h,采用减压旋蒸法除去溶剂。收集干燥产物,按表4所示目数过筛,得到不同粒径的谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。称取谷维素磷脂复合物粉末20 g,微晶纤维素45 g,羧甲淀粉钠4 g,混合均匀后外加1 g硬脂酸镁,混匀。考察其粉末直接压片工艺可行性(片重为175 mg,每片含谷维素10 mg),结果如表4所示。
由于谷维素磷脂复合物粘性较大,湿法制粒形成的颗粒粗硬,可压性差,压片过程出现大量裂片。干法制粒颗粒易黏辊轮,增大内加物料中润滑剂比例均无改善,收率低于70%。因此,湿法制粒和干法制粒工艺均不适用,考察粉末直压工艺可行性。
表4结果表明,粉末直压工艺中的辅料充分分散谷维素,减弱其粘性对制粒、压片工艺的影响,可顺利出片,所得片剂硬度和脆碎度符合药典要求,具有工艺可行性。但是,经20目筛网处理的大粒径磷脂复合物(实施例11)在压力范围10-20KN范围内,硬度仅达到1~3kg,可压性差;经150目筛网处理的小粒径磷脂复合物(实施例14)存在黏冲现象。因此,优选80~120目筛网处理磷脂复合物(实施例12、13),粒径范围为120~180μm,可压性得到改善,在相同压力范围内,硬度达到3~6 kg;同时避免磷脂复合物粘性的影响。
实施例15 谷维素口服片剂加速稳定性实验
以实施例11~13所制得的谷维素磷脂复合物片剂为样品,分别置于40℃、RH75%的恒温箱中保存6个月,分别在0月,1月,2月,3月,6月取样,测定含量及60 min溶出度,结果如表5所示。
谷维素磷脂复合物稳定性差,室温储存10天后60 min溶出度降低20%,将其与辅料混合、粉末直压形成片剂后,稳定性有所提升,但仍发现稳定性受谷维素磷脂复合物粒径的影响。
表5结果表明,经20目筛网处理的大粒径磷脂复合物形成的片剂(实施例11),在加速6月过程中含量由98.2%降低至91.2%,溶出度由94.3%显著降低至82.0%,储存期内不稳定。经150目筛网处理的大粒径磷脂复合物形成的片剂(实施例14),虽然能在加速6月过程中保持含量稳定且大于95%,但由于颗粒粒径过小,存在崩解、溶出缓慢的问题。因此,优选经80目~120目筛网处理的磷脂复合物形成的片剂(实施例12、13),在加速6月过程中含量及溶出度保持稳定,且均大于95%。
实施例16 谷维素口服片剂体外溶出度实验
以实施例12、13所制得的谷维素磷脂复合物片剂为样品,以市售谷维素片剂(上海普康药业有限公司,10mg/片)为对照。参照《中国药典》2020版四部通则0931溶出度与释放度测定法第二法(浆法),以500 ml含0.3%吐温80的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)为介质,于温度(37±0.5℃),转速100rpm分别测定体外溶出曲线,分别于10 min,30 min,45 min,60 min取样5 ml,并同时补加等温新鲜溶出介质。样品经0.45μm滤膜过滤后,测定并计算累积溶出百分数,结果如图1所示。
图1结果表明,市售谷维素片剂60min累积溶出百分数低于20%,而本发明谷维素磷脂复合物片剂10min累积溶出百分数均高于20%,60min累积溶出百分数均高于95%,相比于市售谷维素片剂,溶出速率与溶出度显著提高。
实施例17大鼠体内药动学实验
以实施例13所制得的谷维素磷脂复合物片剂为样品,以市售谷维素片剂(上海普康药业有限公司,10mg/片)为对照。取健康SD成年大鼠18只,体重(250±20)g,随机分成2组,每组9只,禁食过夜,按1 mg/100g剂量灌胃给药,分别于1,5,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,240,360,720 min尾静脉取血0.5 mL,3000rpm 4℃离心20min,取上层清液,测定血药浓度,药时曲线如图2所示。
图2结果表明,本发明的谷维素磷脂复合物片剂可显著提高谷维素的最大血药浓度和生物利用度,经计算,其生物利用度为市售谷维素片剂的1.65倍。
Claims (6)
1.一种谷维素磷脂复合物,其特征在于,包括谷维素和磷脂,所述谷维素和磷脂的质量比为1:3~8;所述谷维素磷脂复合物的粒径为120~180 μm,平衡溶解度大于4mg/ml。
2.如权利要求1所述的谷维素磷脂复合物,其特征在于,所述谷维素和磷脂的质量比为1:4。
3.权利要求1所述的谷维素磷脂复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:称取质量比为1:3~8的谷维素和磷脂,混合均匀后放入烧瓶中;
步骤2:向烧瓶中加入丙酮或四氢呋喃,控制温度20~35℃反应1~4 h,旋蒸法除去溶剂;
步骤3:收集步骤2所得干燥产物,过80~120目筛,得到谷维素磷脂复合物粉末。
4.一种谷维素口服制剂,包括权利要求1所述的谷维素磷脂复合物以及药学上可接受的辅料。
5.如权利要求4所述的谷维素口服制剂,其特征在于,该口服制剂的剂型是片剂,通过粉末直压工艺制备,片剂的片重为175 mg,每片含谷维素10 mg,硬度为3~6 kg。
6.如权利要求4所述的谷维素口服制剂,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料为微晶纤维素、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁中的一种或多种。
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